Opción Binaria Ftp

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1. Servidor: rampagedat. sourceforge. net 2. Ruta de URL: /ftp-binary-option-robot-free. php 3. Notas de error: NINGUNO 4. Tipo de error: 404 5. Método de solicitud: GET 6. Solicitar consulta de cadena: NINGUNO 7. Tiempo: 2017-03-20 11:36:24 UTC (1458473784)

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Ascii vs Transferencias binarias

Existen dos modos comunes para transferir archivos a través de FTP, ascii y binario.

El modo Ascii transfiere archivos como 'texto'. Ejemplos de archivos ascii serían. txt. áspid. Html y. php.

El modo binario transfiere archivos como datos sin procesar. Ejemplos de archivos binarios sería. wav. Jpg Gif, y archivos mp3.

Para ver qué archivos se transfieren en modo 'ascii', desde Core FTP, vaya a ver - & gt; Opciones - & gt; Extensiones - & gt; Extensiones de Ascii.

En esta pantalla puede agregar o extensiones de archivos remotas de archivos que desea transferir en modo ascii. Las extensiones de archivo más comunes ya están listadas.

Core FTP se configura de forma predeterminada para seleccionar el modo binario o ASCII automáticamente. Los archivos que están en la lista de extensiones de archivos ascii / text se transfieren como ascii, todos los otros archivos se transfieren como binarios.

Si desea configurar el modo de transferencia manualmente, puede seleccionar cualquiera de los botones siguientes en la barra de herramientas en la parte superior de la ventana principal de Core FTP.

El primer botón es el modo ASCII, el segundo binario, el 3º, el modo automático (predeterminado).

Si está transfiriendo archivos desde Windows a un servidor basado en Unix, el modo Ascii eliminará los caracteres CR (retorno de carro) que se encuentran al final de cada línea. Puede notar que el archivo que ha subido es más pequeño que su archivo local. Esto es completamente normal y no hay nada de qué preocuparse.

Comandos FTP básicos

¿Qué es FTP?

El programa de utilidad FTP (FTP File Transfer) es comúnmente utilizado para copiar archivos desde y hacia otros ordenadores. Estas computadoras pueden estar en el mismo sitio o en diferentes sitios a miles de kilómetros de distancia. FTP es un protocolo general que funciona en sistemas UNIX, así como en una variedad de otros sistemas (no UNIX).

Para los fines de esta página Web, la máquina local se refiere a la máquina en la que inició sesión, aquella en la que escribe el comando ftp. La máquina remota es la otra, la que es el argumento del comando ftp.

Una interfaz de usuario para el protocolo de transferencia de archivos estándar para ARPANET, FTP actúa como un intérprete en la máquina remota. El usuario puede escribir una serie de comandos tipo UNIX bajo este intérprete para realizar las acciones deseadas en la máquina remota.

La mayoría de los sistemas operativos y programas de comunicación ahora incluyen alguna forma de un programa de utilidad FTP, pero los comandos difieren ligeramente entre ellos. Las siguientes explicaciones y lista alfabética de comandos se refieren al programa de utilidad FTP común que se proporciona en una máquina UNIX. Compruebe la documentación de su propia máquina para determinar los comandos comparables.

La mayoría de las computadoras de hoy incluyen un programa de tipo FTP basado en Windows que está más orientado a PC y no requiere un conocimiento completo de estos comandos. También puede realizar FTP a través de un navegador. Por ejemplo, abra Internet Explorer y escriba

& # 160 & # 160 & # 160 & # 160 & # 160 & # 160 ftp: // yourLoginName @ IPaddress

En lugar de una URL de página web normal.

El sitio FTP del departamento de Informática de CSU requiere que el usuario utilice sftp. La versión segura de FTP. Sólo escriba sftp en lugar de ftp. Cuando está utilizando FTP en una ventana de terminal.

Empezando

Para conectar su máquina local a la máquina remota, escriba

& # 160 & # 160 & # 160 & # 160 & # 160 & # 160 nombre de máquina de ftp

Donde machinename es el nombre de máquina completo de la máquina remota, p. Purcell. cs. colostate. edu. Si el nombre de la máquina es desconocido, puede escribir

& # 160 & # 160 & # 160 & # 160 & # 160 & # 160 número de máquina del ftp

Donde machinennumber es la dirección de red de la máquina remota, p. 129.82.45.181. En cualquier caso, este comando es similar al registro en la máquina remota. Si la máquina remota se ha alcanzado con éxito, FTP responde pidiendo un nombre de usuario y una contraseña.

Cuando introduce su propio nombre de usuario y contraseña para la máquina remota, devuelve el mensaje

& # 160 & # 160 & # 160 & # 160 & # 160 & # 160 ftp>

Y le permite acceder a su propio directorio de inicio en la máquina remota. Debería poder moverse en su propio directorio y copiar archivos hacia y desde su máquina local utilizando los comandos de interfaz FTP que aparecen en la página siguiente.

FTP anónimo

A veces puede que desee copiar archivos desde una máquina remota en la que no tenga un nombre de inicio de sesión. Esto se puede hacer usando FTP anónimo.

Cuando la máquina remota solicita su nombre de usuario. Usted debe escribir en la palabra anónima. En lugar de una contraseña. Debe ingresar su propia dirección de correo electrónico. Esto permite al sitio remoto mantener registros de las solicitudes FTP anónimas.

Una vez que ha iniciado sesión, está en el directorio anónimo de la máquina remota. Por lo general, contiene una serie de archivos públicos y directorios. Una vez más usted debe ser capaz de moverse en estos directorios. Sin embargo, sólo puede copiar los archivos de la máquina remota a su propia máquina local; Usted no puede escribir en la máquina alejada o para suprimir cualesquiera archivos allí.

Comandos FTP comunes

Para solicitar ayuda o información sobre los comandos FTP

Para establecer el modo de transferencia de archivos a ASCII (este es el predeterminado y transmite siete bits por carácter)

Para establecer el modo de transferencia de archivos a binario (el modo binario transmite todos los ocho bits por byte y, por lo tanto, proporciona menos posibilidades de un error de transmisión y debe utilizarse para transmitir archivos distintos de los archivos ASCII)

Para salir del entorno FTP (igual que salir)

Cambiar directorio en la máquina remota

Para terminar una conexión con otro equipo

Cierra la conexión FTP actual con brubeck. & # 160; Pero aún así te deja dentro del entorno FTP.

Para eliminar (eliminar) un archivo en el directorio remoto actual (igual que rm en UNIX)

Copiar un archivo de la máquina remota a la máquina local

Copia el archivo ABC en el directorio remoto actual a (o encima de) un archivo denominado DEF en su directorio local actual.

Copia el archivo ABC en el directorio remoto actual a (o encima de) un archivo con el mismo nombre, ABC. En su directorio local actual.

Para solicitar una lista de todos los comandos FTP disponibles

Para cambiar el directorio en su máquina local (igual que UNIX cd)

Para enumerar los nombres de los archivos en el directorio remoto actual

Para crear un nuevo directorio dentro del directorio remoto actual

Para copiar varios archivos de la máquina remota a la máquina local; & # 160; Se le pedirá una respuesta y / n antes de transferir cada archivo

Copia todos los archivos del directorio remoto actual a su directorio local actual, utilizando los mismos nombres de archivo. Observe el uso del carácter comodín, *.

Para copiar varios archivos de la máquina local a la máquina remota; & # 160; Se le pedirá una respuesta y / n antes de transferir cada archivo

Abrir una conexión con otra computadora

Abre una nueva conexión FTP con brubeck; & # 160; Debe ingresar un nombre de usuario y una contraseña para una cuenta de brubeck & # 160; & # 160; & # 160; (A menos que sea una conexión anónima).

Copiar un archivo de la máquina local a la máquina remota

Para averiguar la ruta del directorio actual en la máquina remota

Para salir del entorno FTP (igual que bye)

A para eliminar (borrar) un directorio en el directorio remoto actual

Más información

Hay muchos otros comandos de interfaz disponibles. También FTP se puede ejecutar con diferentes opciones. Consulte su manual o la página de manual de UNIX en ftp para obtener más información.

Sesiones de ejemplo

Ejemplos de dos sesiones FTP se dan en las dos páginas siguientes. Estos muestran el tipo de interacción que puede esperar al utilizar la utilidad ftp.

Ejemplo de sesión FTP anónima

Una sesión FTP para obtener el archivo README de HPSC desde el directorio ftp anónimo de cs. colorado. edu usando un nombre de inicio de sesión anónimo y una contraseña de su propia dirección de correo electrónico.

Ejemplo de sesión FTP normal

Una sesión FTP para copiar archivos de una máquina remota a nordsieck. cs. colorado. edu usando su propio login y contraseña.

Una guía rápida para usar ftp.

El programa ftp estándar es el cliente ftp original. Viene de serie con la mayoría de las distribuciones de Linux. Apareció por primera vez en 4.2BSD, que fue desarrollado por la Universidad de California, Berkeley.

Es fácil de usar ftp. Supongamos que desea conectarse al sitio ftp anónimo metalab. unc. edu, para descargar la última fuente del kernel de Linux.

En la línea de comandos, escriba:

El programa ftp intentará conectarse a metalab. unc. edu. Otra forma de hacerlo es ejecutar ftp desde la línea de comandos sin parámetros y usar el comando open con el nombre del sitio como argumento:

Cuando te conectas a un sitio FTP, te pedirá un login (pulsando enter ingresará como tu nombre de usuario local, en este caso, foo.) Ingresamos como anónimo o ftp para acceder al archivo público.

Ahora, ingresamos una dirección de correo electrónico completa como la contraseña (esto es lo que la mayoría de los sitios FTP públicos solicitan).

Después de un inicio de sesión exitoso, se nos da la siguiente información:

Después de iniciar sesión en un sitio ftp, ftp imprimirá el tipo de transferencia de archivos. En nuestro caso, es binario. El modo binario transfiere los archivos, poco a poco, tal como están en el servidor FTP. El modo Ascii, sin embargo, descargará el texto directamente. Puede escribir ascii o binario para cambiar entre los tipos.

Desea descargar la fuente del kernel, por lo que deja el tipo de transferencia de archivos en binario. El tipo binario es también lo que utilizaría para cualquier archivo que no sea de texto, como imágenes gráficas, archivos zip / gzip, programas ejecutables, etc. Si tiene dudas, use el modo binario.

Haces un ls para ver una lista de los archivos. El comando ls en los servidores ftp se ejecuta en el servidor remoto, por lo que las opciones de la línea de comandos que puede utilizar con ella varían de servidor a servidor. Las opciones más comunes suelen estar disponibles, consulte la página de manual de ls para obtener más detalles.

Si el comando ls lista tantos archivos que se desplazan por la parte superior de la pantalla, puede usar Mayús-PageUp para desplazarse hacia arriba. Esto funciona en modo consola Linux, así como en xterm o rxvt.

En los archivos FTP públicos, los recursos descargables normalmente se encuentran en el directorio / pub. En este ejemplo, ya sabes que las fuentes del kernel están en el directorio / pub / Linux / kernel. Por lo que escribe lo siguiente para entrar en ese directorio:

Los mensajes que ve, que comienzan con "250", son mensajes de información enviados por el servidor. En este caso, el servidor ftp está configurado para enviarle automáticamente el archivo README cuando usted cd en el directorio.

Ahora, después de hacer otra ls. Verá que desea cd en el directorio v2.2. Haces más ls. Y busque el archivo que desea descargar. Es linux-2.2.13.tar. gz. Así que escriba esto:

El programa ftp ha comenzado a guardar el archivo remoto linux-2.2.13.tar. gz como el archivo local linux-2.2.13.tar. gz.

Si desea guardarlo como archivo local foo. tar. gz. Usted podría haberlo especificado como esto:

Si quieres descargar más de un archivo a la vez, tendrás que usar el comando mget (multiple get). Puede utilizar mget junto con una lista delimitada por espacios de los nombres de archivo que desea descargar, o puede utilizar comodines con el comando mget. Por ejemplo:

Conseguiría todos los archivos que comienzan con la cadena "linux". Normalmente, mget le preguntará por cada archivo antes de descargarlo. Puede cambiarlo usando el comando prompt.

Ahora digamos que usted ha escrito un pedazo de software, y usted quiere cargarlo a MetaLab para ser incluido en su archivo de software de Linux. En primer lugar, cambiaría al directorio / entrante (la mayoría de los servidores públicos de FTP tienen un directorio, generalmente llamado de entrada o de carga, donde se pueden cargar archivos), entonces usaría el comando put:

El comando put funciona de la misma manera que el comando get, por lo que puede utilizar mput para cargar varios archivos al mismo tiempo. También puede cargar un archivo local con un nombre de archivo diferente en el servidor especificando el nombre de archivo remoto y / o el nombre de ruta como argumento.

¿Qué pasa si el archivo foo. tar. gz no está en su directorio local actual cuando intenta cargarlo? Puede cambiar los directorios locales mediante el comando lcd (directorio local de cambios):

El cliente ftp admite el uso del bang (!) Para ejecutar comandos locales. Por ejemplo, para obtener una lista de archivos en su directorio local actual, haga lo siguiente:

La forma en que esto funciona es que el ftp llama al shell (especificado en la variable de entorno $ SHELL), y es el shell que ejecuta ls. Por lo tanto, puede ejecutar cualquier línea de comandos que funcione con su shell simplemente añadiendo "!" (La shell por defecto en la mayoría de las distribuciones de Linux es bash, el Bourne Again SHell). Tenga en cuenta que! Cd no funciona como era de esperar, por eso existe el comando lcd.

¿No sería bueno si pudiera ver el progreso mientras está descargando un archivo con ftp? Puede utilizar el comando hash para imprimir marcas hash mientras descarga un archivo:

Como se puede ver, ftp imprimirá una marca hash por cada 1024 bytes de datos que descargue.

También hay una opción de tick.

Hay muchos otros comandos ftp. Si tiene permisos para hacerlo (lo que debería hacer, si está conectado a su propia cuenta shell privada), puede crear un directorio en el servidor remoto mediante el comando mkdir. Puede quitar un archivo en el servidor remoto mediante el comando delete o rmdir para quitar un directorio. También puede cambiar los permisos de archivo mediante el comando chmod.

Para obtener información más detallada sobre el uso de ftp, consulte la ayuda en línea del programa ftp (accesible escribiendo help sin argumentos para una lista de comandos o help & lt; commandname & gt; para obtener ayuda específica en un comando). También puede leer la página de manual de Unix para ftp escribiendo man ftp en el símbolo del sistema.

Esta es una lista de los comandos disponibles cuando se utiliza el cliente FTP de línea de comandos de Microsoft Windows (requiere que se instale TCP / IP). Toda la información proviene de los archivos de ayuda de Windows NT. Si necesita usar los comandos FTP "crudos" en lugar de estos comandos interpretados (por ejemplo, si está escribiendo su propio cliente de FTP), consulte esta lista.

Lista de comandos FTP para el cliente FTP de línea de comandos de Microsoft

Opciones de la línea de comandos

Como usted está iniciando el programa desde un prompt de DOS: ftp [-v] [-d] [-i] [-n] [-g] [-s: nombre de archivo] [-a] [-w: windowsize] computadora]

-v - Suprime la visualización detallada de las respuestas del servidor remoto.

-n - Suprime el inicio de sesión automático en la conexión inicial.

-i - Desactiva las sugerencias interactivas durante las transferencias de archivos múltiples.

-d - Habilita la depuración. Mostrando todos los comandos ftp pasados ​​entre el cliente y el servidor.

-g - Desactiva la globalización del nombre de archivo. Que permite el uso de comodines chracters en archivos locales y nombres de ruta.

-s: filename - Especifica un archivo de texto que contiene comandos ftp; Los comandos se ejecutarán automáticamente después de iniciarse el ftp. No se permiten espacios en este parámetro. Utilice este conmutador en lugar de la redirección (& gt).

-a - Utilice cualquier interfaz local al enlazar la conexión de datos.

-w: windowsize - Anula el tamaño del búfer de transferencia predeterminado de 4096.

Computer - Especifica el nombre del equipo o la dirección IP del equipo remoto al que conectarse. El equipo, si se especifica, debe ser el último parámetro en la línea.

Comandos del cliente

! - Ejecuta el comando especificado en el equipo local.

? - Muestra las descripciones de los comandos ftp

Append: agrega un archivo local a un archivo en el equipo remoto

Ascii - Establece el tipo de transferencia de archivos en ASCII, el valor predeterminado

Campana - Alterna una campana para sonar después de que se haya completado cada comando de transferencia de archivos (predeterminado = APAGADO)

Binario - Establece el tipo de transferencia de archivos en binario

Bye - Finaliza la sesión FTP y sale de ftp

Cd - Cambia el directorio de trabajo en el equipo remoto

Close - Finaliza la sesión FTP y regresa al intérprete de comandos

Debug - Cambia la depuración (por defecto = OFF)

Delete - Elimina un solo archivo en un equipo remoto

Dir - Muestra una lista de los archivos y subdirectorios de un directorio remoto

Desconectar - Se desconecta de la computadora remota, manteniendo la solicitud de ftp

Get - Copia un solo archivo remoto en el equipo local

Glob - Cambia la globalización del nombre de archivo (caracteres comodín) (predeterminado = ACTIVADO)

Hash - Alterna la impresión de signo hash (#) para cada bloque de datos transferido (predeterminado = OFF)

Help - Muestra las descripciones de los comandos ftp

Lcd - Cambia el directorio de trabajo en el equipo local

Literal - Envía argumentos, verbatim, al servidor FTP remoto

Ls - Muestra una lista abreviada de los archivos y subdirectorios de un directorio remoto

Mdelete: elimina uno o más archivos de un equipo remoto

Mdir - Muestra una lista de los archivos y subdirectorios de un directorio remoto

Mget - Copia uno o más archivos remotos en el equipo local

Mkdir - Crea un directorio remoto

Mls - Muestra una lista abreviada de los archivos y subdirectorios de un directorio remoto

Mput - Copia uno o más archivos locales en el equipo remoto

Open: se conecta al servidor FTP especificado

Prompt - Cambia la pregunta (por defecto = ON)

Put - Copia un archivo local único en el equipo remoto

Pwd - Muestra el directorio actual en el equipo remoto (literalmente, "p rint w orking d irectory")

Quit - Finaliza la sesión FTP con el equipo remoto y sale de ftp (igual que "bye")

Quote - Envía argumentos, verbatim, al servidor FTP remoto (igual que "literal")

Recv - Copia un archivo remoto en el equipo local

Remotehelp - Muestra ayuda para comandos remotos

Rename - Renombra archivos remotos

Rmdir: elimina un directorio remoto

Send - Copia un archivo local en el equipo remoto (igual que "put")

Status - Muestra el estado actual de las conexiones FTP

Trace - Cambia el rastreo de paquetes (por defecto = OFF)

Type - Establece o muestra el tipo de transferencia de archivos (predeterminado = ASCII)

User - Especifique un usuario para el equipo remoto

Verbose - Cambia el modo detallado (predeterminado = ACTIVADO)

Ejecuta el comando especificado en el equipo local.

Parámetro (s): command - Especifica el comando que se ejecutará en el equipo local. Si se omite el comando, se muestra el indicador de comandos local; Escriba "exit" para volver a ftp.

Muestra las descripciones de los comandos ftp. Es idéntico para ayudar.

Parámetro (s): comando - Especifica el nombre del comando sobre el que desea una descripción. Si no se especifica el comando, ftp muestra una lista de todos los comandos.

adjuntar

Agrega un archivo local a un archivo en el equipo remoto utilizando la configuración de tipo de archivo actual.

Sintaxis: append local-file [archivo-remoto]

Parámetro (s): local-file - Especifica el archivo local a añadir. Remote-file - Especifica el archivo en el equipo remoto al que se agregará el archivo local. Si se omite archivo remoto, el nombre de archivo local se utiliza para el nombre de archivo remoto.

ascii

Establece el tipo de transferencia de archivos en ASCII, el valor predeterminado.

Nota FTP admite dos tipos de transferencia de archivos, ASCII e imagen binaria. ASCII debe utilizarse al transferir archivos de texto. Véase también binario.

En modo ASCII, se realizan conversiones de caracteres hacia y desde el conjunto de caracteres estándar de red. Por ejemplo, los caracteres de fin de línea se convierten según sea necesario, en función del sistema operativo de destino.

campana

Alterna una campana para sonar después de que se haya completado cada comando de transferencia de archivos. Por defecto, la campana está apagada.

binario

Establece el tipo de transferencia de archivos en binario.

Nota FTP admite dos tipos de transferencia de archivos, ASCII e imagen binaria. Binario debe utilizarse al transferir archivos ejecutables. En modo binario, el archivo se mueve byte por byte. Véase también ascii.

adiós

Finaliza la sesión FTP con el equipo remoto y sale del ftp.

discos compactos

Cambia el directorio de trabajo en el equipo remoto.

Sintaxis: cd directorio-remoto

Parámetro (s): remote-directory - Especifica el directorio en el equipo remoto al cual cambiar a.

cerca

Finaliza la sesión FTP con el servidor remoto y regresa al intérprete de comandos.

depurar

Alterna la depuración. Cuando la depuración está activada, cada comando enviado al equipo remoto se imprime, precedido por la cadena --- & gt. De forma predeterminada, la depuración está desactivada.

borrar

Elimina un solo archivo en un equipo remoto. Véase también mdelete. Que puede eliminar varios archivos.

Sintaxis: delete remote-file

Parámetro (s): remote-file - Especifica el archivo a eliminar.

dir

Muestra una lista de los archivos y subdirectorios de un directorio remoto. Véase también mdir. Que puede enumerar los directorios múltiples.

Sintaxis: dir [directorio-remoto] [archivo local]

Parámetro (s): remote-directory - Especifica el directorio para el que desea ver una lista. Si no se especifica ningún directorio, se utiliza el directorio de trabajo actual en el equipo remoto. Local-file - Especifica un archivo local para almacenar el listado. Si no se especifica, la salida se muestra en la pantalla.

desconectar

Se desconecta de la computadora remota, conservando la solicitud de ftp.

obtener

Copia un archivo remoto en el equipo local utilizando el tipo de transferencia de archivos actual. Véase también mget. Que puede copiar múltiples archivos.

Sintaxis: get remote-file [archivo local]

Parámetro (s): remote-file Especifica el archivo remoto que se va a copiar.

Local-file Especifica el nombre a utilizar en el equipo local. Si no se especifica, el archivo recibe el nombre de archivo remoto.

globo

Conmuta la globalización del nombre de archivo. Globbing permite el uso de caracteres comodín en archivos locales o nombres de ruta. De forma predeterminada, globbing está activado.

picadillo

Alterna la impresión de signo hash (#) para cada bloque de datos transferido. El tamaño de un bloque de datos es 2048 bytes. Por defecto, la impresión de la marca hash está desactivada.

ayuda

Muestra las descripciones de los comandos ftp.

Sintaxis: help [comando]

Parámetro (s): comando - Especifica el nombre del comando sobre el que desea una descripción. Si no se especifica el comando, ftp muestra una lista de todos los comandos.

lcd

Cambia el directorio de trabajo en el equipo local. De forma predeterminada, el directorio de trabajo es el directorio en el que se inició ftp.

Sintaxis: lcd [directorio]

Parámetro (s): directorio - Especifica el directorio en el equipo local para cambiar a. Si directorio no se especifica, se muestra el directorio de trabajo actual en el equipo local.

literal

Envía los argumentos, palabra por palabra, al servidor FTP remoto. Se espera un solo código de respuesta de FTP a cambio.

Sintaxis: argumento literal [. ]

Parámetro (s): argumento - Especifica el argumento a enviar al servidor FTP.

ls

Muestra una lista abreviada de los archivos y subdirectorios de un directorio remoto.

Sintaxis: ls [directorio-remoto] [archivo local]

Parámetro (s): remote-directory - Especifica el directorio para el que desea ver una lista. Si no se especifica ningún directorio, se utiliza el directorio de trabajo actual en el equipo remoto. Local-file - Especifica un archivo local para almacenar el listado. Si no se especifica, la salida se muestra en la pantalla.

mdelete

Elimina uno o más archivos en un equipo remoto.

Sintaxis: mdelete archivos remotos [. ]

Parámetro (s): remote-files - Especifica los archivos remotos a eliminar.

mdir

Muestra una lista de los archivos y subdirectorios de un directorio remoto. Mdir le permite especificar varios archivos.

Sintaxis: mdir archivos remotos [. Archivo local

Parámetro (s): remote-files - Especifica el directorio para el que desea ver una lista. Se deben especificar archivos remotos; Escriba "-" para usar el directorio de trabajo actual en el equipo remoto. Local-file - Especifica un archivo local para almacenar el listado. Escriba "-" para mostrar el listado en la pantalla.

morder

Copia uno o más archivos remotos en el equipo local utilizando el tipo de transferencia de archivos actual.

Sintaxis: mget remote-files [. ]

Parámetro (s): remote-files - Especifica los archivos remotos que se van a copiar al ordenador local.

mkdir

Crea un directorio remoto.

Sintaxis: mkdir directory

Parámetro (s): directorio - Especifica el nombre del nuevo directorio remoto.

mls

Muestra una lista abreviada de los archivos y subdirectorios de un directorio remoto.

Sintaxis: mls archivos remotos [. Archivo local

Parámetro (s): remote-files - Especifica los archivos para los que desea ver una lista. Se deben especificar archivos remotos; Escriba "-" para usar el directorio de trabajo actual en el equipo remoto. Local-file - Especifica un archivo local para almacenar el listado. Escriba "-" para mostrar el listado en la pantalla.

mput

Copia uno o más archivos locales en el equipo remoto utilizando el tipo de transferencia de archivos actual.

Sintaxis: mput local-files [. ]

Parámetro (s): local-files - Especifica los archivos locales a copiar en el equipo remoto.

abierto

Se conecta al servidor FTP especificado.

Sintaxis: open computer [puerto]

Parámetro (s): computer - Especifica el ordenador remoto al que conectarse. El equipo se puede especificar por dirección IP o nombre de equipo (un archivo DNS o HOSTS debe estar disponible). Si el inicio de sesión automático está activado (predeterminado), FTP también intenta registrar automáticamente el usuario en el servidor FTP (consulte las opciones de la línea de comandos Ftp para desactivar el inicio de sesión automático). Port - Especifica el número de puerto que se usará para ponerse en contacto con un servidor FTP.

rápido

Alterna la pregunta. Ftp solicita durante las transferencias múltiples del archivo para permitir que usted selectivamente recupere o almacene archivos; Mget y mput transfieren todos los archivos si la indicación está desactivada. De manera predeterminada, la solicitud está activada.

poner

Copia un archivo local en el equipo remoto utilizando el tipo de transferencia de archivos actual. Véase también mput. Que puede copiar múltiples archivos.

Sintaxis: put local-file [archivo-remoto]

Parámetro (s): local-file - Especifica el archivo local a copiar. Remote-file - Especifica el nombre que se usará en el equipo remoto. Si no se especifica, el archivo recibe el nombre de archivo local.

pwd

Muestra el directorio actual en el equipo remoto.

dejar

Finaliza la sesión FTP con el equipo remoto y sale del ftp.

citar

Envía los argumentos, palabra por palabra, al servidor FTP remoto. Se espera un solo código de respuesta de FTP a cambio. Cita es idéntica a literal.

Sintaxis: argumento de cotización [. ]

Parámetro (s): argumento - Especifica el argumento a enviar al servidor FTP.

recv

Copia un archivo remoto en el equipo local utilizando el tipo de transferencia de archivos actual. Recv es idéntico a obtener.

Sintaxis: recv remote-file [archivo local]

Parámetro (s): remote-file - Especifica el archivo remoto que se va a copiar. Local-file - Especifica el nombre que se usará en el equipo local. Si no se especifica, el archivo recibe el nombre de archivo remoto.

ayuda remota

Muestra ayuda para comandos remotos.

Sintaxis: remotehelp [comando]

Parámetro (s): comando - Especifica el nombre del comando sobre el que desea ayuda. Si no se especifica el comando, ftp muestra una lista de todos los comandos remotos.

rebautizar

Cambia el nombre de los archivos remotos.

Sintaxis: rename filename newfilename

Parámetro (s): filename - Especifica el archivo al que desea cambiar el nombre. Newfilename - Especifica el nuevo nombre de archivo.

rmdir

Elimina un directorio remoto.

Sintaxis: rmdir directory

Parámetro (s): directorio - Especifica el nombre del directorio remoto que se va a borrar.

enviar

Copia un archivo local en el equipo remoto utilizando el tipo de transferencia de archivos actual. Enviar es idéntico a poner.

Sintaxis: send local-file [archivo-remoto]

Parámetro (s): local-file - Especifica el archivo local a copiar. Remote-file - Especifica el nombre que se usará en el equipo remoto. Si no se especifica, el archivo recibe el nombre de archivo local.

estado

Muestra el estado actual de las conexiones y conmutaciones FTP.

rastro

Alterna el rastreo de paquetes; Trace muestra la ruta de cada paquete al ejecutar un comando ftp.

tipo

Establece o muestra el tipo de transferencia de archivos.

Sintaxis: type [nombre-de-tipo]

Parámetro (s): type-name - Especifica el tipo de transferencia de archivos; El valor predeterminado es ASCII. Si no se especifica nombre-tipo, se muestra el tipo actual.

Nota FTP admite dos tipos de transferencia de archivos, ASCII e imagen binaria.

ASCII debe utilizarse al transferir archivos de texto. En modo ASCII, se realizan conversiones de caracteres hacia y desde el conjunto de caracteres estándar de red. Por ejemplo, los caracteres de final de línea se convierten según sea necesario, en función del sistema operativo del destino.

Binario debe utilizarse al transferir archivos ejecutables. En modo binario, el archivo se mueve byte por byte.

usuario

Especifica un usuario en el equipo remoto.

Sintaxis: user user-name [contraseña] [cuenta]

Parámetro (s): user-name - Especifica un nombre de usuario con el que iniciar sesión en el equipo remoto. Password - Especifica la contraseña para el nombre de usuario. Si no se especifica, pero es necesario, ftp solicita la contraseña. Cuenta: especifica una cuenta con la que iniciar sesión en el equipo remoto. Si la cuenta no se especifica, pero se requiere, el ftp solicita la cuenta.

verboso

Cambia el modo detallado. Si está activada, se muestran todas las respuestas de ftp; Cuando se completa una transferencia de archivos, también se muestran estadísticas sobre la eficiencia de la transferencia. De forma predeterminada, verbose está activado.

Introducción

La siguiente información se proporciona como referencia para los comandos de Protocolo de transferencia de archivos (FTP). Este documento describe un proceso típico para una sesión FTP interactiva y automatizada en lotes que se ejecuta en un PC con Windows / XP y se conecta a un sistema UNIX. Este proceso puede variar ligeramente dependiendo de las configuraciones de hardware y software de los sistemas locales y remotos.

Hemos hecho un esfuerzo significativo para asegurar que los documentos y las tecnologías de software sean correctos y precisos. Nos reservamos el derecho de hacer cambios sin previo aviso en cualquier momento. La función entregada en esta versión se basa en las solicitudes de mejora de un grupo específico de usuarios. La intención es proporcionar los cambios a medida que surja la necesidad y en un marco temporal que dependa de la disponibilidad de recursos.

Copyright y copia; 1987-2017 SimoTime Technologies Todos los derechos reservados

Una sesión FTP interactiva

Para iniciar una sesión interactiva FTP, escriba "ftp" desde una ventana de comandos de DOS.

El indicador de DOS debe ser reemplazado por el indicador de FTP. El programa FTP se ejecuta ahora en el sistema local. No se ha establecido una conexión (o sesión) a un sistema remoto.

El comando de ayuda o. (Signo de interrogación) se puede ejecutar sin estar conectado a un sistema remoto y realizará una impresión (normalmente en la pantalla) de los comandos FTP. A continuación, se muestra un ejemplo de un comando FTP para mostrar la información de la Ayuda FTP.

A continuación se muestra un resultado típico del comando de ayuda que se ejecuta en un PC con Windows.

El siguiente comando FTP realizará el FTP OPEN (haga la conexión) y mostrará los siguientes mensajes.

El siguiente comando FTP cambiará el directorio del sistema remoto y mostrará el siguiente mensaje.

El siguiente comando FTP encontrará la ruta del directorio actual en el sistema remoto y mostrará la información.

El siguiente comando FTP establecerá el modo de transferencia de archivos en ASCII (este es el predeterminado para la mayoría de los programas FTP) y mostrará la información.

El siguiente comando FTP copiará un archivo (utilizando el modo ASCII) del sistema local al sistema remoto y mostrará la información.

El siguiente comando FTP establecerá el modo de transferencia de archivos a BINARY (el modo binario transfiere los ocho bits por byte y se debe utilizar para transferir archivos que no sean ASCII). ) Y mostrar la información.

El siguiente comando FTP copiará un archivo (utilizando el modo BINARIO) del sistema local al sistema remoto y mostrará la información.

El siguiente comando FTP saldrá del entorno FTP (igual que "bye") y mostrará la información.

Cuando termine el comando FTP anterior, se mostrará el indicador de DOS.

Lo anterior es un proceso típico para una sesión FTP interactiva que se ejecuta en un PC con Windows / XP o Windows / 7 y se conecta a un sistema UNIX. Este proceso puede variar ligeramente dependiendo de las configuraciones de hardware y software de los sistemas locales y remotos.

Una sesión FTP automatizada por lotes

El siguiente archivo por lotes (UPWIP001.BAT) iniciará una sesión FTP y pasará el nombre de un archivo de texto (UPWIP001.TXT) al programa FTP. This text file will be processed by the FTP program and each of the statements in the text file will be processed in the sequence they appear.

The following is a listing of the contents of the text file (UPWIP001.TXT).

An FTP Command List

The following is a summary of the commonly used FTP Commands.

This will display all entries that start with the letter "b" and have the letter "n" somewhere after the letter "b". For example, the following will be displayed. ben, bingo, born, boon, bipartisan, bandit The following will not be displayed. bet, boy

This will display all entries that start with the letter "b", have the letter "n" in the 3rd position and have a three character name. For example, the following will be displayed. ben The following will not be displayed. bet, bingo, born, boon, bipartisan, bandit, boy

This will display all entries that start with the letter "b" and have the letter "n" in the 3rd position. For example, the following will be displayed. ben, bingo, bandit The following will not be displayed. bet, born, boon, bipartisan, boy

A List of Parameters for the DIR FTP Command

An FTP Extended Command List

The following are additional commands that are used when tranferring files between an IBM Mainframe and a Windows or UNIX client system. Also, the following includes commands required when working with files containing variable length records.

Parameters used with the LOCSITE Extended FTP Commands

The following is an example of the LITERAL command and a GET command. The commands are executed at the client and will cause the RDW (Record Descriptor Word) to be included at the beginning of each record of a file with variable length records.

The following is an example of the LOCSITE command and a PUT command. The commands are executed at the host and will cause the RDW (Record Descriptor Word) to be included at the beginning of each record of a file with variable length records.

The following is an example of the LOCSITE command for accessing tape files with variable length recoerds. The command is executed at the host and will cause the RDW (Record Descriptor Word) to be included at the beginning of each record of a file with variable length records.

Resumen

The purpose of this document is to provide a quick reference for connecting and exchanging information between two systems. This document describes a typical process for an interactive or automated, batch File Transfer Protocol (FTP) session running on a PC with Windows/2000 and connecting to a UNIX system. This process may vary slightly depending on the hardware and software configurations of the local and remote systems.

This document may be used to assist as a tutorial for new programmers or as a quick reference for experienced programmers.

In the world of programming there are many ways to solve a problem. This document and the links to other documents are intended to provide a greater awareness of the Data Management and Application Processing alternatives.

The documentation and software were developed and tested on systems that are configured for a SimoTime environment based on the hardware, operating systems, user requirements and security requirements. Therefore, adjustments may be needed to execute the jobs and programs when transferred to a system of a different architecture or configuration.

SimoTime Services has experience in moving or sharing data or application processing across a variety of systems. For additional information about SimoTime Services or Technologies please send an e-mail to: helpdesk@simotime. com or call 415 883-6565. We appreciate hearing from you.

Software Agreement and Disclaimer

Permission to use, copy, modify and distribute this software, documentation or training material for any purpose requires a fee to be paid to SimoTime Enterprises. Once the fee is received by SimoTime the latest version of the software, documentation or training material will be delivered and a license will be granted for use within an enterprise, provided the SimoTime copyright notice appear on all copies of the software. The SimoTime name or Logo may not be used in any advertising or publicity pertaining to the use of the software without the written permission of SimoTime Enterprises.

SimoTime Enterprises makes no warranty or representations about the suitability of the software, documentation or learning material for any purpose. It is provided "AS IS" without any expressed or implied warranty, including the implied warranties of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose and non-infringement. SimoTime Enterprises shall not be liable for any direct, indirect, special or consequential damages resulting from the loss of use, data or projects, whether in an action of contract or tort, arising out of or in connection with the use or performance of this software, documentation or training material.

Downloads and Links

This section includes links to documents with additional information that are beyond the scope and purpose of this document. The first group of documents may be available from a local system or via an internet connection, the second group of documents will require an internet connection.

Note: A SimoTime License is required for the items to be made available on a local system or server.

Current Server or Internet Access

The following links may be to the current server or to the Internet.

Note: The latest versions of the SimoTime Documents and Program Suites are available on the Internet and may be accessed using the icon. If a user has a SimoTime Enterprise License the Documents and Program Suites may be available on a local server and accessed using the icon.

Explore Sample FTP Scripts and Windows Command Files(FTP) that will transfer files between a Mainframe Host System and a Windows Client System.

Explore the alternatives for transferring data files between systems. This link provides access to a repository of information that includes the transferring and/or sharing of data between Mainframe (ZOS or VSE), Linux, UNIX and Windows Systems.

Explore The ASCII and EBCDIC Translation Tables. These tables are provided for individuals that need to better understand the bit structures and differences of the encoding formats.

Explore The File Status Return Codes to interpret the results of accessing VSAM data sets and/or QSAM files.

Internet Access Required

The following links will require an internet connection.

A good place to start is The SimoTime Home Page via Internet Connect for access to white papers, program examples and product information.

Explore The Micro Focus Web Site via Internet Connect for more information about products and services available from Micro Focus.

Glossary of Terms

Check out The SimoTime Glossary for a list of terms and definitions used in the documents provided by SimoTime.

Comments or Feedback

This document was created and is copyrighted and maintained by SimoTime Technologies.

If you have any questions, suggestions, comments or feedback please call or send an e-mail to: helpdesk@simotime. com

We appreciate hearing from you.

Descripción de la empresa

Founded in 1987, SimoTime Technologies is a privately owned company. We specialize in the creation and deployment of business applications using new or existing technologies and services. We have a team of individuals that understand the broad range of technologies being used in today's environments. This includes the smallest thin client using the Internet and the very large mainframe systems. There is more to making the Internet work for your company's business than just having a nice looking WEB site. It is about combining the latest technologies and existing technologies with practical business experience. It's about the business of doing business and looking good in the process. Quite often, to reach larger markets or provide a higher level of service to existing customers it requires the newer Internet technologies to work in a complementary manner with existing corporate mainframe systems.

Whether you want to use the Internet to expand into new market segments or as a delivery vehicle for existing business functions simply give us a call or check the web site at http://www. simotime. com

File Transfer Protocol (FTP), a List of FTP Commands

File corruption during ftp transfer ASCII vs. BINARY

Occasionally, issues occur with files becoming corrupt when uploading through FTP. When viewing the corrupted file through the browser, the following error will be thrown.

" This image can not be displayed because it contains errors "

This is typically caused by uploading files through FTP as ASCII file transfer type. The " ASCII transfer type" will transfer the files as regular text files. The "Binary transfer type" will transfer the data in binary mode which handles the files as binary data instead of text data. Setting your FTP client to Binary will prevent your files from becoming corrupted through ftp transit. Please see the following on how to switch your FTP program to Binary.

It's also been brought to our attention that another possible cause of file corruption during FTP transfers, could be from your local firewall. Please also check for any updates to your firewall software, and possibly restart your router as well, if switching your FTP client settings to binary doesn't work.

Changing your ftp program to binary transfer

You can change the transfer type in your ftp program to Binary. All FTP programs should have this functionality. The following steps will demonstrate how to change the transfer type from ASCII to Binary in Filezilla .

Now when you connect to your server with ftp, files will be treated as Binary files. This should prevent the files from becoming corrupted.

DESCRIPCIÓN

Ftp is the user interface to the Internet standard File Transfer Protocol. The program allows a user to transfer files to and from a remote network site.

Options may be specified at the command line, or to the command interpreter.

-p Use passive mode for data transfers. Allows use of ftp in environments where a firewall prevents connections from the outside world back to the client machine. Requires that the ftp server support the PASV command. This is the default now for all clients (ftp and pftp) due to security concerns using the PORT transfer mode. The flag is kept for compatibility only and has no effect anymore. - i

Turns off interactive prompting during multiple file transfers. - n Restrains ftp from attempting auto-login upon initial connection. If auto-login is enabled, ftp will check the. netrc (see netrc (5)) file in the user's home directory for an entry describing an account on the remote machine. If no entry exists, ftp will prompt for the remote machine login name (default is the user identity on the local machine), and, if necessary, prompt for a password and an account with which to login. - e Disables command editing and history support, if it was compiled into the ftp executable. Otherwise, does nothing. - g Disables file name globbing. - v Verbose option forces ftp to show all responses from the remote server, as well as report on data transfer statistics. - d Enables debugging.

The client host with which ftp is to communicate may be specified on the command line. If this is done, ftp will immediately attempt to establish a connection to an FTP server on that host; otherwise, ftp will enter its command interpreter and await instructions from the user. When ftp is awaiting commands from the user the prompt `ftp>' is provided to the user. The following commands are recognized by ftp

! [ command [ args ] ] Invoke an interactive shell on the local machine. If there are arguments, the first is taken to be a command to execute directly, with the rest of the arguments as its arguments. $ macro-name [ args ] Execute the macro macro-name that was defined with the macdef command. Arguments are passed to the macro unglobbed. account [ passwd ] Supply a supplemental password required by a remote system for access to resources once a login has been successfully completed. If no argument is included, the user will be prompted for an account password in a non-echoing input mode. append local-file [ remote-file ] Append a local file to a file on the remote machine. If remote-file is left unspecified, the local file name is used in naming the remote file after being altered by any ntrans or nmap setting. File transfer uses the current settings for type format mode and structure ascii Set the file transfer type to network ASCII This is the default type. bell Arrange that a bell be sounded after each file transfer command is completed. binary Set the file transfer type to support binary image transfer. bye Terminate the FTP session with the remote server and exit ftp An end of file will also terminate the session and exit. case Toggle remote computer file name case mapping during mget commands. When case is on (default is off), remote computer file names with all letters in upper case are written in the local directory with the letters mapped to lower case. cd remote-directory Change the working directory on the remote machine to remote-directory cdup Change the remote machine working directory to the parent of the current remote machine working directory. chmod mode file-name Change the permission modes of the file file-name on the remote sytem to mode close Terminate the FTP session with the remote server, and return to the command interpreter. Any defined macros are erased. cr Toggle carriage return stripping during ascii type file retrieval. Records are denoted by a carriage return/linefeed sequence during ascii type file transfer. When cr is on (the default), carriage returns are stripped from this sequence to conform with the UNIX single linefeed record delimiter. Records on non - UNIX remote systems may contain single linefeeds; when an ascii type transfer is made, these linefeeds may be distinguished from a record delimiter only when cr is off. delete remote-file Delete the file remote-file on the remote machine. debug [ debug-value ] Toggle debugging mode. If an optional debug-value is specified it is used to set the debugging level. When debugging is on, ftp prints each command sent to the remote machine, preceded by the string `-->' dir [ remote-directory ] [ local-file ] Print a listing of the directory contents in the directory, remote-directory and, optionally, placing the output in local-file If interactive prompting is on, ftp will prompt the user to verify that the last argument is indeed the target local file for receiving dir output. If no directory is specified, the current working directory on the remote machine is used. If no local file is specified, or local-file is - , output comes to the terminal. disconnect A synonym for close form format Set the file transfer form to format The default format is file. get remote-file [ local-file ] Retrieve the remote-file and store it on the local machine. If the local file name is not specified, it is given the same name it has on the remote machine, subject to alteration by the current case ntrans and nmap settings. The current settings for type form mode and structure are used while transferring the file. glob Toggle filename expansion for mdelete mget and mput If globbing is turned off with glob the file name arguments are taken literally and not expanded. Globbing for mput is done as in csh (1). For mdelete and mget each remote file name is expanded separately on the remote machine and the lists are not merged. Expansion of a directory name is likely to be different from expansion of the name of an ordinary file: the exact result depends on the foreign operating system and ftp server, and can be previewed by doing `mls' remote-files - Note: mget and mput are not meant to transfer entire directory subtrees of files. That can be done by transferring a tar (1) archive of the subtree (in binary mode). hash Toggle hash-sign (``#'') printing for each data block transferred. The size of a data block is 1024 bytes. help [ command ] Print an informative message about the meaning of command If no argument is given, ftp prints a list of the known commands. idle [ seconds ] Set the inactivity timer on the remote server to seconds seconds. If seconds is ommitted, the current inactivity timer is printed. lcd [ directory ] Change the working directory on the local machine. If no directory is specified, the user's home directory is used. ls [ remote-directory ] [ local-file ] Print a listing of the contents of a directory on the remote machine. The listing includes any system-dependent information that the server chooses to include; for example, most UNIX systems will produce output from the command `ls' - l. (See also nlist . If remote-directory is left unspecified, the current working directory is used. If interactive prompting is on, ftp will prompt the user to verify that the last argument is indeed the target local file for receiving ls output. If no local file is specified, or if local-file is `- ' the output is sent to the terminal. macdef macro-name Define a macro. Subsequent lines are stored as the macro macro-name a null line (consecutive newline characters in a file or carriage returns from the terminal) terminates macro input mode. There is a limit of 16 macros and 4096 total characters in all defined macros. Macros remain defined until a close command is executed. The macro processor interprets `$' and `\' as special characters. A `$' followed by a number (or numbers) is replaced by the corresponding argument on the macro invocation command line. A `$' followed by an `i' signals that macro processor that the executing macro is to be looped. On the first pass `$i' is replaced by the first argument on the macro invocation command line, on the second pass it is replaced by the second argument, and so on. A `\' followed by any character is replaced by that character. Use the `\' to prevent special treatment of the `$'. mdelete [ remote-files ] Delete the remote-files on the remote machine. mdir remote-files local-file Like dir except multiple remote files may be specified. If interactive prompting is on, ftp will prompt the user to verify that the last argument is indeed the target local file for receiving mdir output. mget remote-files Expand the remote-files on the remote machine and do a get for each file name thus produced. See glob for details on the filename expansion. Resulting file names will then be processed according to case ntrans and nmap settings. Files are transferred into the local working directory, which can be changed with `lcd' directory ; new local directories can be created with `!' mkdir directory. mkdir directory-name Make a directory on the remote machine. mls remote-files local-file Like nlist except multiple remote files may be specified, and the local-file must be specified. If interactive prompting is on, ftp will prompt the user to verify that the last argument is indeed the target local file for receiving mls output. mode [ mode-name ] Set the file transfer mode to mode-name The default mode is stream mode. modtime file-name Show the last modification time of the file on the remote machine. mput local-files Expand wild cards in the list of local files given as arguments and do a put for each file in the resulting list. See glob for details of filename expansion. Resulting file names will then be processed according to ntrans and nmap settings. newer file-name [ local-file ] Get the file only if the modification time of the remote file is more recent that the file on the current system. If the file does not exist on the current system, the remote file is considered newer Otherwise, this command is identical to get nlist [ remote-directory ] [ local-file ] Print a list of the files in a directory on the remote machine. If remote-directory is left unspecified, the current working directory is used. If interactive prompting is on, ftp will prompt the user to verify that the last argument is indeed the target local file for receiving nlist output. If no local file is specified, or if local-file is - , the output is sent to the terminal. nmap [ inpattern outpattern ] Set or unset the filename mapping mechanism. If no arguments are specified, the filename mapping mechanism is unset. If arguments are specified, remote filenames are mapped during mput commands and put commands issued without a specified remote target filename. If arguments are specified, local filenames are mapped during mget commands and get commands issued without a specified local target filename. This command is useful when connecting to a non - UNIX remote computer with different file naming conventions or practices. The mapping follows the pattern set by inpattern and outpattern [ Inpattern ] is a template for incoming filenames (which may have already been processed according to the ntrans and case settings). Variable templating is accomplished by including the sequences `$1', `$2'. `$9' in inpattern Use `\' to prevent this special treatment of the `$' character. All other characters are treated literally, and are used to determine the nmap [ inpattern ] variable values. For example, given inpattern $1.$2 and the remote file name "mydata. data", $1 would have the value "mydata", and $2 would have the value "data". The outpattern determines the resulting mapped filename. The sequences `$1', `$2'. `$9' are replaced by any value resulting from the inpattern template. The sequence `$0' is replace by the original filename. Additionally, the sequence `[ seq1 ] '. Ar seq2 is replaced by [ seq1 ] if seq1 is not a null string; otherwise it is replaced by seq2 For example, the command

would yield the output filename "myfile. data" for input filenames "myfile. data" and "myfile. data. old", "myfile. file" for the input filename "myfile", and "myfile. myfile" for the input filename ".myfile". Spaces may be included in outpattern as in the example: `nmap $1 sed "s/ *$//" > $1'. Use the `\' character to prevent special treatment of the `$','[','[', and `,' characters. ntrans [ inchars [ outchars ] ] Set or unset the filename character translation mechanism. If no arguments are specified, the filename character translation mechanism is unset. If arguments are specified, characters in remote filenames are translated during mput commands and put commands issued without a specified remote target filename. If arguments are specified, characters in local filenames are translated during mget commands and get commands issued without a specified local target filename. This command is useful when connecting to a non - UNIX remote computer with different file naming conventions or practices. Characters in a filename matching a character in inchars are replaced with the corresponding character in outchars If the character's position in inchars is longer than the length of outchars the character is deleted from the file name. open host [ port ] Establish a connection to the specified host FTP server. An optional port number may be supplied, in which case, ftp will attempt to contact an FTP server at that port. If the auto-login option is on (default), ftp will also attempt to automatically log the user in to the FTP server (see below). prompt Toggle interactive prompting. Interactive prompting occurs during multiple file transfers to allow the user to selectively retrieve or store files. If prompting is turned off (default is on), any mget or mput will transfer all files, and any mdelete will delete all files. proxy ftp-command Execute an ftp command on a secondary control connection. This command allows simultaneous connection to two remote ftp servers for transferring files between the two servers. The first proxy command should be an open to establish the secondary control connection. Enter the command "proxy ?" to see other ftp commands executable on the secondary connection. The following commands behave differently when prefaced by proxy open will not define new macros during the auto-login process, close will not erase existing macro definitions, get and mget transfer files from the host on the primary control connection to the host on the secondary control connection, and put mput and append transfer files from the host on the secondary control connection to the host on the primary control connection. Third party file transfers depend upon support of the ftp protocol PASV command by the server on the secondary control connection. put local-file [ remote-file ] Store a local file on the remote machine. If remote-file is left unspecified, the local file name is used after processing according to any ntrans or nmap settings in naming the remote file. File transfer uses the current settings for type format mode and structure pwd Print the name of the current working directory on the remote machine. quit A synonym for bye quote arg1 arg2. The arguments specified are sent, verbatim, to the remote FTP server. recv remote-file [ local-file ] A synonym for get. reget remote-file [ local-file ] Reget acts like get, except that if local-file exists and is smaller than remote-file local-file is presumed to be a partially transferred copy of remote-file and the transfer is continued from the apparent point of failure. This command is useful when transferring very large files over networks that are prone to dropping connections. remotehelp [ command-name ] Request help from the remote FTP server. If a command-name is specified it is supplied to the server as well. remotestatus [ file-name ] With no arguments, show status of remote machine. If file-name is specified, show status of file-name on remote machine. rename [ from ] [ to ] Rename the file from on the remote machine, to the file to reset Clear reply queue. This command re-synchronizes command/reply sequencing with the remote ftp server. Resynchronization may be necessary following a violation of the ftp protocol by the remote server. restart marker Restart the immediately following get or put at the indicated marker On UNIX systems, marker is usually a byte offset into the file. rmdir directory-name Delete a directory on the remote machine. runique Toggle storing of files on the local system with unique filenames. If a file already exists with a name equal to the target local filename for a get or mget command, a ".1" is appended to the name. If the resulting name matches another existing file, a ".2" is appended to the original name. If this process continues up to ".99", an error message is printed, and the transfer does not take place. The generated unique filename will be reported. Note that runique will not affect local files generated from a shell command (see below). The default value is off. send local-file [ remote-file ] A synonym for put. sendport Toggle the use of PORT commands. By default, ftp will attempt to use a PORT command when establishing a connection for each data transfer. The use of PORT commands can prevent delays when performing multiple file transfers. If the PORT command fails, ftp will use the default data port. When the use of PORT commands is disabled, no attempt will be made to use PORT commands for each data transfer. This is useful for certain FTP implementations which do ignore PORT commands but, incorrectly, indicate they've been accepted. site arg1 arg2. The arguments specified are sent, verbatim, to the remote FTP server as a SITE command. size file-name Return size of file-name on remote machine. status Show the current status of ftp struct [ struct-name ] Set the file transfer structure to struct-name By default stream structure is used. sunique Toggle storing of files on remote machine under unique file names. Remote ftp server must support ftp protocol STOU command for successful completion. The remote server will report unique name. Default value is off. system Show the type of operating system running on the remote machine. tenex Set the file transfer type to that needed to talk to TENEX machines. trace Toggle packet tracing. type [ type-name ] Set the file transfer type to type-name If no type is specified, the current type is printed. The default type is network ASCII umask [ newmask ] Set the default umask on the remote server to newmask If newmask is ommitted, the current umask is printed. user user-name [ password ] [ account ] Identify yourself to the remote FTP server. If the password is not specified and the server requires it, ftp will prompt the user for it (after disabling local echo). If an account field is not specified, and the FTP server requires it, the user will be prompted for it. If an account field is specified, an account command will be relayed to the remote server after the login sequence is completed if the remote server did not require it for logging in. Unless ftp is invoked with auto-login disabled, this process is done automatically on initial connection to the FTP server. verbose Toggle verbose mode. In verbose mode, all responses from the FTP server are displayed to the user. In addition, if verbose is on, when a file transfer completes, statistics regarding the efficiency of the transfer are reported. By default, verbose is on. ? [ command ] A synonym for help.

Command arguments which have embedded spaces may be quoted with quote `"' marks.

ABORTING A FILE TRANSFER

To abort a file transfer, use the terminal interrupt key (usually Ctrl-C). Sending transfers will be immediately halted. Receiving transfers will be halted by sending a ftp protocol ABOR command to the remote server, and discarding any further data received. The speed at which this is accomplished depends upon the remote server's support for ABOR processing. If the remote server does not support the ABOR command, an `ftp>' prompt will not appear until the remote server has completed sending the requested file.

The terminal interrupt key sequence will be ignored when ftp has completed any local processing and is awaiting a reply from the remote server. A long delay in this mode may result from the ABOR processing described above, or from unexpected behavior by the remote server, including violations of the ftp protocol. If the delay results from unexpected remote server behavior, the local ftp program must be killed by hand.

FILE NAMING CONVENTIONS

Files specified as arguments to ftp commands are processed according to the following rules.

If the file name `- ' is specified, the stdin (for reading) or stdout (for writing) is used.

If the first character of the file name is `|' the remainder of the argument is interpreted as a shell command. Ftp then forks a shell, using popen (3) with the argument supplied, and reads (writes) from the stdout (stdin). If the shell command includes spaces, the argument must be quoted; p. ej. " ls - lt". A particularly useful example of this mechanism is: dir more.

Failing the above checks, if ``globbing'' is enabled, local file names are expanded according to the rules used in the csh (1); c. f. the glob command. If the ftp command expects a single local file (.e. g. put ) only the first filename generated by the "globbing" operation is used.

For mget commands and get commands with unspecified local file names, the local filename is the remote filename, which may be altered by a case ntrans or nmap setting. The resulting filename may then be altered if runique is on.

For mput commands and put commands with unspecified remote file names, the remote filename is the local filename, which may be altered by a ntrans or nmap setting. The resulting filename may then be altered by the remote server if sunique is on.

FILE TRANSFER PARAMETERS

The FTP specification specifies many parameters which may affect a file transfer. The type may be one of ascii, image (binary), ebcdic, and local byte size (for PDP -10's and PDP -20's mostly). Ftp supports the ascii and image types of file transfer, plus local byte size 8 for tenex mode transfers.

Ftp supports only the default values for the remaining file transfer parameters: mode form and struct

EXAMPLES

This command will attempt to connect to the ftp server at abc. xyz. edu. If it succeeds, it will ask you to log in using a username and password. Public ftp servers often allow you to log in using the username "anonymous" and your email address as password. Once you are logged in you can get a list of the available ftp commands using the help function:

This lists the commands that you can use to show the directory contents, transfer files, and delete files.

This command prints the names of the files and subdirectories in the current directory on the remote computer.

This command changes the current directory to the subdirecotry "customers", if it exists.

Changes the current directory to the parent direcotry.

Changes the current directory on the local computer to "images", if it exists.

Changes to "ascii" mode for transferring text files.

Changes to "binary" mode for transferring all files that are not text files.

Downloads the file image1.jpg from the remote computer to the local computer. Warning: If there already is file with the same name it will be overwritten.

Uploads the file image2.jpg from the local computer to the remote computer. Warning: If there already is file with the same name it will be overwritten.

A '!' in front will execute the specified command on the local computer. So '!ls' lists the file names and directory names of the current directory on the local computer.

With mget you can download multiple images. This command downloads all files that end with ".jgp".

Uploads all files that end with ".jgp".

Deletes all files that end with ".jgp".

Turns iteractive mode on or off so that commands on multiple files are executed without user confirmation.

Exits the ftp program.

VER TAMBIÉN

Important: Use the man command ( % man ) to see how a command is used on your particular computer.

>> Linux/Unix Command Library

>> Shell Command Library

One of the least-understood aspects of FTP transfers is the difference between ASCII and Binary mode data transfers. ASCII stands for American Standard Code for Information Interchange, and is a type of character encoding based on the English language used on devices that handle information stored in text. It includes 33 non-printed control characters and 94 printed characters such as letters and punctuation.

When files are transferred in ASCII mode, the transferred data is considered to contain only ASCII formatted text. The party that is receiving the transferred data is responsible for translating the format of the received text to one that is compatible with their operating system. The most common example of how this is applied pertains to the way Windows and UNIX handle newlines. On a Windows computer, pressing the "enter" key inserts two characters in an ASCII text document - a carriage return (which places the cursor at the beginning of the line) and a line feed (which places the cursor on the line below the current one). On UNIX systems, only a line feed is used. ASCII text formatted for use on UNIX systems does not display properly when viewed on a Windows system and vice versa.

Binary mode refers to transferring files as a binary stream of data. Where ASCII mode may use special control characters to format data, binary mode transmits the raw bytes of the file being transferred. In this way, the file is transferred in its exact original form.

answered Dec 20 '10 at 19:06

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FTP Consumer does not support concurrency

The FTP consumer (with the same endpoint) does not support concurrency (the backing FTP client is not thread safe). You can use multiple FTP consumers to poll from different endpoints. It is only a single endpoint that does not support concurrent consumers.

The FTP producer does not have this issue, it supports concurrency.

This component is an extension of the File component. So there are more samples and details on the File component page.

Default when consuming files

The FTP consumer will by default leave the consumed files untouched on the remote FTP server. You have to configure it explicitly if you want it to delete the files or move them to another location. For example you can use delete=true to delete the files, or use move=.done to move the files into a hidden done sub directory.

The regular File consumer is different as it will by default move files to a. camel sub directory. The reason Camel does not do this by default for the FTP consumer is that it may lack permissions by default to be able to move or delete files.

limitaciones

The option readLock can be used to force Camel not to consume files that is currently in the progress of being written. However, this option is turned off by default, as it requires that the user has write access. See the options table at File2 for more details about read locks. There are other solutions to avoid consuming files that are currently being written over FTP; for instance, you can write to a temporary destination and move the file after it has been written.

When moving files using move or preMove option the files are restricted to the FTP_ROOT folder. That prevents you from moving files outside the FTP area. If you want to move files to another area you can use soft links and move files into a soft linked folder.

Message Headers

The following message headers can be used to affect the behavior of the component

Specifies the output file name (relative to the endpoint directory) to be used for the output message when sending to the endpoint. If this is not present and no expression either, then a generated message ID is used as the filename instead.

The actual filepath (path + name) for the output file that was written. This header is set by Camel and its purpose is providing end-users the name of the file that was written.

About timeouts

The two set of libraries (see top) has different API for setting timeout. You can use the connectTimeout option for both of them to set a timeout in millis to establish a network connection. An individual soTimeout can also be set on the FTP/FTPS, which corresponds to using ftpClient. soTimeout. Notice SFTP will automatically use connectTimeout as its soTimeout. The timeout option only applies for FTP/FTSP as the data timeout, which corresponds to the ftpClient. dataTimeout value. All timeout values are in millis.

Using Local Work Directory

Camel supports consuming from remote FTP servers and downloading the files directly into a local work directory. This avoids reading the entire remote file content into memory as it is streamed directly into the local file using FileOutputStream .

Camel will store to a local file with the same name as the remote file, though with. inprogress as extension while the file is being downloaded. Afterwards, the file is renamed to remove the. inprogress suffix. And finally, when the Exchange is complete the local file is deleted.

So if you want to download files from a remote FTP server and store it as files then you need to route to a file endpoint such as:

Optimization by renaming work file

The route above is ultra efficient as it avoids reading the entire file content into memory. It will download the remote file directly to a local file stream. The java. io. File handle is then used as the Exchange body. The file producer leverages this fact and can work directly on the work file java. io. File handle and perform a java. io. File. rename to the target filename. As Camel knows it's a local work file, it can optimize and use a rename instead of a file copy, as the work file is meant to be deleted anyway.

Stepwise changing directories

Camel FTP can operate in two modes in terms of traversing directories when consuming files (eg downloading) or producing files (eg uploading)

You may want to pick either one depending on your situation and security issues. Some Camel end users can only download files if they use stepwise, while others can only download if they do not. At least you have the choice to pick (from Camel 2.6 onwards).

In Camel 2.0 - 2.5 there is only one mode and it is:

before 2.5 not stepwise

2.5 stepwise

From Camel 2.6 onwards there is now an option stepwise you can use to control the behavior.

Note that stepwise changing of directory will in most cases only work when the user is confined to it's home directory and when the home directory is reported as "/" .

The difference between the two of them is best illustrated with an example. Suppose we have the following directory structure on the remote FTP server we need to traverse and download files:

And that we have a file in each of sub-a (a. txt) and sub-b (b. txt) folder.

Using stepwise=true (default mode)

Consuming a remote FTPS server (explicit TLS) and a custom trust store configuration

Filter using org. apache. camel. component. file. GenericFileFilter

Camel supports pluggable filtering strategies. This strategy it to use the build in org. apache. camel. component. file. GenericFileFilter in Java. You can then configure the endpoint with such a filter to skip certain filters before being processed.

In the sample we have built our own filter that only accepts files starting with report in the filename.

And then we can configure our route using the filter attribute to reference our filter (using # notation) that we have defined in the spring XML file:

Filtering using ANT path matcher

The ANT path matcher is a filter that is shipped out-of-the-box in the camel-spring jar. So you need to depend on camel-spring if you are using Maven. The reason is that we leverage Spring's AntPathMatcher to do the actual matching.

The file paths are matched with the following rules:

. matches one character

* matches zero or more characters

** matches zero or more directories in a path

The sample below demonstrates how to use it:

Using a proxy with SFTP

To use an HTTP proxy to connect to your remote host, you can configure your route in the following way:

You can also assign a user name and password to the proxy, if necessary. Please consult the documentation for com. jcraft. jsch. Proxy to discover all options.

Setting preferred SFTP authentication method

If you want to explicitly specify the list of authentication methods that should be used by sftp component, use preferredAuthentications option. If for example you would like Camel to attempt to authenticate with private/public SSH key and fallback to user/password authentication in the case when no public key is available, use the following route configuration:

Consuming a single file using a fixed name

When you want to download a single file and knows the file name, you can use fileName=myFileName. txt to tell Camel the name of the file to download. By default the consumer will still do a FTP LIST command to do a directory listing and then filter these files based on the fileName option. Though in this use-case it may be desirable to turn off the directory listing by setting useList=false. For example the user account used to login to the FTP server may not have permission to do a FTP LIST command. So you can turn off this with useList=false. and then provide the fixed name of the file to download with fileName=myFileName. txt. then the FTP consumer can still download the file. If the file for some reason does not exist, then Camel will by default throw an exception, you can turn this off and ignore this by setting ignoreFileNotFoundOrPermissionError=true .

For example to have a Camel route that pickup a single file, and delete it after use you can do

Notice that we have use all the options we talked above above.

You can also use this with ConsumerTemplate. For example to download a single file (if it exists) and grab the file content as a String type:

Debug logging

This component has log level TRACE that can be helpful if you have problems.

FileZilla Tutorial: Functions

FileZilla has various options which ease its usage and expand its functionality.

In this tutorial we will describe the main FileZilla functions.

Site Manager

The first one is called Site Manager. It can be found under the File menu. Using it you can store the connection details for a new web site. In this way you will not need to enter them every time when the program is started.

Enter the Host name and the FTP Port (the default one is 21). More details about the FTP connection settings can be found in our FTP tutorial .

You can pick the preferred server type protocol. For a FTP connection it should be set to FTP - File Transfer Protocol. If you want to establish a secure FTP connection over SSH pick SFTP (SSH File Transfer Protocol). More about SSH can be found in our SSH tutorial. The other two options are FTPS (FTP over implicit TLS(Transport Layer Security)/SSL(Security Sockets Layer)) and FTPES (FTP over explicit TLS/SSL). The FTPS option directly establishes the security connection, while the FTPES option allows the client to request the security connection from the FTP server. Detailed explanation can be found in the following article.

Set the Logontype to Normal. In this way you specify the username and the password for the current FTP connection and they are stored in the application data. The alternative options are:

Anonymous - you can log in as an anonymous user without entering the password. More about the Anonymous FTP feature can be found in our FTP tutorial .

Ask for Password - the mechanism is the same as for the Normal option, but the password is not stored in the system. You are prompted for the password when you initiate an FTP session.

Interactive - it works in the same way as the above option, but it asks for the password for every connection. For example if you set several simultaneous connections in order to transfer your files you will be prompted for the password for each one of them.

Account - you can create an FTP account through your cPanel->FTP accounts and enter the corresponding FTP details in your FileZilla Site Manager area. Name the account per your preferences.

The connection will be established by clicking on the Connect button.

You can Rename, Delete and Copy the new site connection. You can set a new folder in the directory tree and add a new bookmark for the web site connection.

The Advanced section of the Site Manager allows you to define the server type (for example Unix). The best solution is to leave the software to detect automatically the server type (the Default option). Additionally, you can select the default local and remote directories for the FTP connection and adjust the server time zone offset.

In the Transfer Settings section you can switch between the active and the passive FTP modes and increase the number of the simultaneous connections. On the SiteGround servers use the passive FTP mode.

In the Charset section you can set the charset for the file names used by the server. The best solution is to pick the Autodetect option.

Ajustes

Another important function is called Settings.

It is divided in different sections.

In the Connection section you can adjust the maximum number of retries if a connection fails and the seconds between them. Also, you can run the firewall and the router Configuration wizard. It will help you to configure the settings of a firewall or a router in order to make sure that the FTP connection will not be interrupted by them.

In the FTP subsection you can adjust the Active and the Passive modes, set the FTP Proxy details, add the SSH private key file in the SFTP area and enter the Generic proxy details.

In the Transfers section you can set the maximum number of simultaneous transfers and limit the number of the concurrent downloads and uploads. Also, you can limit the upload and the download speed. Additionally, you can set the timeout which defines the period that FileZilla will wait in case the data can not be sent or received before it drops the connection.

In the File Types subsection you can define the default files' transfer type (ASCII or Binary). You can select the extensions of the files which will be treated as ASCII.

The File exists action subsection allows you to define the action which will be performed if the corresponding target file already exists. Among the possible choices are: Ask for action, Overwrite, Resume, Rename, Skip and others.

In the Interface section you can pick the preferred theme and layout, define the visual position of the logs, modify the date/time and the filesize formats. Also, in the File lists subsection you set the sorting order, set the threshold for the timestamp based comparison and define the double-click actions for files and directories.

Through the Language section you can pick the default language for the software.

In the File Editing section you can define the default file editor.

The Logging section allows you to set a log for the software.

In the Debug section you can define the level of debugging. All the corresponding messages will be stored in the log file which will allow you easily to determine and resolve problems which may occur during the FileZilla usage.

Manual Transfer

Under certain circumstances you may need to transfer a single file using the manual transfer functionality.

Through this functionality you can define the transfer direction (Upload or Download). You can pick the local file, the remote one and the remote folder. You can use the FTP connection details for a server defined through Site Manager or you can manually enter the corresponding information. Also, you can define the data type of the uploaded/downloaded file (ASCII or Binary) and pick the option to start the transfer immediately. Click on the OK button to confirm the chosen configuration.

Bookmarks

If you need to access the files in different folders under your account the Bookmark functionality will ease your efforts. Click on the Bookmarks menu and pick the Add bookmark option.

There you can define whether the bookmark will be valid globally or just for a specific web site.

Next, enter the name of the bookmark.

At the end specify the paths for the local and the remote directories. In this way after the FTP connection is established you can use the bookmark to open the folders instead searching for them in the folder tree. It is useful if you need to upload files to many different folders. Just set different bookmarks and switch between them through the Bookmarks menu.

Linux and Unix ftp command

Restrains ftp from attempting "auto-login " upon initial connection. If auto-login is enabled, ftp will check the. netrc (see netrc ) file in the user's home directory for an entry describing an account on the remote machine. If no entry exists, ftp will prompt for the remote machine login name (default is the user identity on the local machine), and, if necessary, prompt for a password and an account with which to login.

Disables command editing and history support, if it was compiled into the ftp executable. Otherwise, does nothing.

Disables file name globbing .

Verbose option forces ftp to show all responses from the remote server, as well as report on data transfer statistics.

The client host and an optional port number with which ftp is to communicate may be specified on the command line. If this is done, ftp will immediately attempt to establish a connection to an FTP server on that host; otherwise, ftp will enter its command interpreter and await instructions from the user. When ftp is awaiting commands from the user the prompt ‘ ftp> ’ is provided to the user. The following commands are recognized by ftp :

Invoke an interactive shell on the local machine. If there are arguments. the first is taken to be a command to execute directly, with the rest of the arguments as its arguments.

Execute the macro macro-name that was defined with the macdef command. Arguments are passed to the macro unglobbed.

Supply a supplemental password required by a remote system for access to resources once a login has been successfully completed. If no argument is included, the user will be prompted for an account password in a non-echoing input mode.

append local-file [ remote-file ]

Append a local file to a file on the remote machine. If remote-file is left unspecified, the local file name is used in naming the remote file after being altered by any ntrans or nmap setting. File transfer uses the current settings for type, format, mode, and structure.

Toggle carriage return stripping during ascii type file retrieval. Records are denoted by a carriage return/linefeed sequence during ascii type file transfer. When cr is on (the default), carriage returns are stripped from this sequence to conform with the UNIX single linefeed record delimiter. Records on non-UNIX remote systems may contain single linefeeds; when an ascii type transfer is made, these linefeeds may be distinguished from a record delimiter only when cr is off .

Toggle the printing of control characters in the output of ASCII type commands. When this is turned on, control characters are replaced with a question mark if the output file is the standard output. This is the default when the standard output is a tty .

Delete the file remote-file on the remote machine.

Toggle debugging mode. If an optional debug-value is specified it is used to set the debugging level. When debugging is on, ftp prints each command sent to the remote machine, preceded by the string ‘ --> '

dir [ remote-directory ] [ local-file ]

Print a listing of the directory contents in the directory, remote-directory, and, optionally, placing the output in local-file. If interactive prompting is on, ftp will prompt the user to verify that the last argument is indeed the target local file for receiving dir output. If no directory is specified, the current working directory on the remote machine is used. If no local file is specified, or local-file is - . output comes to the terminal .

A synonym for close.

Set the file transfer form to format. The default format is " file ".

Retrieve the remote-file and store it on the local machine. If the local file name is not specified, it is given the same name it has on the remote machine, subject to alteration by the current case, ntrans . and nmap settings. The current settings for type, form, mode, and structure are used while transferring the file.

Toggle filename expansion for mdelete . mget and mput . If globbing is turned off with glob . the file name arguments are taken literally and not expanded. Globbing for mput is done as in csh. For mdelete and mget . each remote file name is expanded separately on the remote machine and the lists are not merged. Expansion of a directory name is likely to be different from expansion of the name of an ordinary file: the exact result depends on the foreign operating system and ftp server, and can be previewed by doing ‘ mls remote-files - ’ Note: mget and mput are not meant to transfer entire directory subtrees of files. That can be done by transferring a tar archive of the subtree (in binary mode).

Toggle hash-sign (" # ") printing for each data block transferred. The size of a data block is 1024 bytes.

ls [ remote-directory ] [ local-file ]

Print a listing of the contents of a directory on the remote machine. The listing includes any system-dependent information that the server chooses to include; for example, most UNIX systems will produce output from the command ‘ ls - l ’. (See also nlist .) If remote-directory is left unspecified, the current working directory is used. If interactive prompting is on, ftp will prompt the user to verify that the last argument is indeed the target local file for receiving ls output. If no local file is specified, or if local-fileis ‘ - ’, the output is sent to the terminal.

Define a macro. Subsequent lines are stored as the macro macro-name; a null line (consecutive newline characters in a file or carriage returns from the terminal) terminates macro input mode. There is a limit of 16 macros and 4096 total characters in all defined macros. Macros remain defined until a close command is executed. The macro processor interprets ' $ ' and ' \ ' as special characters. A ' $ ' followed by a number (or numbers) is replaced by the corresponding argument on the macro invocation command line. A ' $ ' followed by an ' i ' signals that macro processor that the executing macro is to be looped. On the first pass ' $i ' is replaced by the first argument on the macro invocation command line, on the second pass it is replaced by the second argument, and so on. A ' \ ' followed by any character is replaced by that character. Use the ' \ ' to prevent special treatment of the ' $ '.

Delete the remote-files on the remote machine.

reget remote-file [ local-file ]

reget acts like get . except that if local-file exists and is smaller than remote-file . local-file is presumed to be a partially transferred copy of remote-file and the transfer is continued from the apparent point of failure. If local-file does not exist ftp won't fetch the file. This command is useful when transferring very large files over networks that are prone to dropping connections.

Request help from the remote FTP server. If a command-name is specified it is supplied to the server as well.

With no arguments, show status of remote machine. If file-name is specified, show status of file-name on remote machine.

Rename the file from on the remote machine, to to .

Clear reply queue. This command re-synchronizes command/reply sequencing with the remote ftp server. Resynchronization may be necessary following a violation of the ftp protocol by the remote server.

Restart the immediately following get or put at the indicated marker. On UNIX systems, marker is usually a byte offset into the file.

Delete a directory on the remote machine.

Toggle storing of files on the local system with unique filenames. If a file already exists with a name equal to the target local filename for a get or mget command, a " .1 " is appended to the name. If the resulting name matches another existing file, a " .2 " is appended to the original name. If this process continues up to " .99 ", an error message is printed, and the transfer does not take place. The generated unique filename will be reported. Note that runique will not affect local files generated from a shell command (see below). The default value is off.

A synonym for put .

Toggle the use of PORT commands. By default, ftp will attempt to use a PORT command when establishing a connection for each data transfer. The use of PORT commands can prevent delays when performing multiple file transfers. If the PORT command fails, ftp will use the default data port. When the use of PORT commands is disabled, no attempt will be made to use PORT commands for each data transfer. This is useful for certain FTP implementations which do ignore PORT commands but, incorrectly, indicate they've been accepted.

The arguments specified are sent, verbatim, to the remote FTP server as a SITE command.

Return size of file-name on remote machine.

Show the current status of ftp .

Set the file transfer structure to struct-name . By default "stream" structure is used.

Toggle storing of files on remote machine under unique file names. The remote ftp server must support the ftp protocol STOU command for successful completion. The remote server will report unique name. Default value is off .

Identify yourself to the remote FTP server. If the password is not specified and the server requires it, ftp will prompt the user for it (after disabling local echo). If an account field is not specified, and the FTP server requires it, the user will be prompted for it. If an account field is specified, an account command will be relayed to the remote server after the login sequence is completed if the remote server did not require it for logging in. Unless ftp is invoked with " auto-login " disabled, this process is done automatically on initial connection to the FTP server.

Toggle verbose mode. In verbose mode, all responses from the FTP server are displayed to the user. In addition, if verbose is on . when a file transfer completes, statistics regarding the efficiency of the transfer are reported. By default, verbose is on .

A synonym for help .

Command arguments which have embedded spaces may be quoted with quote ( " ) marks.

Aborting a File Transfer

To abort a file transfer, use the terminal interrupt key (usually Ctrl-C ). Sending transfers will be immediately halted. Receiving transfers will be halted by sending a ftp protocol ABOR command to the remote server, and discarding any further data received. The speed at which this is accomplished depends upon the remote server's support for ABOR processing. If the remote server does not support the ABOR command, an ‘ ftp> ’ prompt will not appear until the remote server has completed sending the requested file.

The terminal interrupt key sequence will be ignored when ftp has completed any local processing and is awaiting a reply from the remote server. A long delay in this mode may result from the ABOR processing described above, or from unexpected behavior by the remote server, including violations of the ftp protocol. If the delay results from unexpected remote server behavior, the local ftp program must be killed manually.

File Naming Conventions

Files specified as arguments to ftp commands are processed according to the following rules:

1. If the file name ‘ - ’ is specified, the stdin (for reading) or stdout (for writing) is used.

2. If the first character of the file name is ‘ | ’, the remainder of the argument is interpreted as a shell command. ftp then forks a shell, using popen with the argument supplied, and reads (writes) from the stdout ( stdin ). If the shell command includes spaces, the argument must be quoted; p. ej. & Quot; " ls - lt" ". A particularly useful example of this mechanism is: " dir more ".

3. Failing the above checks, if " globbing " is enabled, local file names are expanded according to the rules used in the csh ; c. f. the glob command. If the ftp command expects a single local file (.e. g. put ), only the first filename generated by the " globbing " operation is used.

4. For mget commands and get commands with unspecified local file names, the local filename is the remote filename, which may be altered by a case . ntrans . or nmap setting. The resulting filename may then be altered if runique is on.

5. For mput commands and put commands with unspecified remote file names, the remote filename is the local filename, which may be altered by a ntrans or nmap setting. The resulting filename may then be altered by the remote server if sunique is on.

File Transfer Parameters

The FTP specification specifies many parameters which may affect a file transfer. The type may be one of " ascii ", " image " (binary), "ebcdic ", and "local byte size" (for PDP -10's and PDP-20's mostly). ftp supports the ascii and image types of file transfer, plus local byte size 8 for tenex mode transfers.

ftp supports only the default values for the remaining file transfer parameters: mode . form . and struct .

Ambiente

The association between a fileref and an external file lasts only for the duration of the SAS session or until you change it or discontinue it with another FILENAME statement. You can change the fileref for a file as often as you want.

specifies the access method that enables you to use File Transfer Protocol (FTP) to read from or write to a file from any host computer that you can connect to on a network with an FTP server running.

Use FILENAME with FTP when you want to connect to the host computer, to log in to the FTP server, to make records in the specified file available for reading or writing, and to disconnect from the host computer.

specifies the physical name of an external file that you want to read from or write to. The physical name is the name that is recognized by the operating environment.

If the file has an IBM 370 format and a record format of FB or FBA, and if the ENCODING= option is specified, then you must also specify the LRECL= option. If the length of a record is shorter than the value of LRECL, then SAS pads the record with blanks until the record length is equal to the value of LRECL.

Operating Environment Information:В В В For details about specifying the physical names of external files, see the SAS documentation for your operating environment. В В

If you are not transferring a file but performing a task such as retrieving a directory listing, then you do not need to specify a filename. Instead, put empty quotation marks in the statement. See Retrieving a Directory Listing.

You can associate a fileref with a single file or with an aggregate file storage location.

If you use the DIR option, specify the directory in this argument.

specifies details that are specific to your operating environment such as file attributes and processing attributes.

Operating Environment Information:В В В For more information about some of these FTP options, see the SAS documentation for your operating environment. В В

specifies the name of an authentication domain metadata object in order to connect to the FTP server. The authentication domain references credentials (user ID and password) without your having to explicitly specify the credentials. The auth-domain name is case sensitive, and it must be enclosed in double quotation marks.

An administrator creates authentication domain definitions while creating a user definition with the User Manager in SAS Management Console. The authentication domain is associated with one or more login metadata objects that provide access to the FTP server and is resolved by the BASE engine calling the SAS Metadata Server and returning the authentication credentials.

The authentication domain and the associated login definition must be stored in a metadata repository, and the metadata server must be running in order to resolve the metadata object specification.

If you specify AUTHDOMAIN=, you do not need to specify USER= and PASS=.

For more information about creating and using authentication domains, see the discussion on credential management in the SAS Intelligence Platform: Security Administration Guide .

is fixed-record format. Thus, all records are of size LRECL with no line delimiters. Data is transferred in image (binary) mode.

The BINARY option overrides the value of RECFM= in the FILENAME FTP statement, if specified, and forces a binary transfer.

issues the HELP command to the FTP server. The results of this command are returned as records.

issues the RSTAT command to the FTP server. The results of this command are returned as records.

saves the user ID and password after the user ID and password prompt are successfully executed.

The user ID and password are saved only for the duration of the SAS session or until you change the association between the fileref and the external file, or discontinue it with another FILENAME statement.

indicates that the file being read is in IBM 370 variable format.

If you specify this option and the RECFM= option, then SAS ignores the RECFM= option.

The data is transferred in image or binary format and is in local data format. Thus, you must use appropriate SAS informats to read the data correctly on non-EBCDIC hosts.

Use the rcmd='site rdw' option when you transfer a z/OS data set with a variable-record format to another z/OS data set with a variable-record format to preserve the record descriptor word (rdw) of each record. By default, most FTP servers remove the rdw that exists in each record before it is transferred.

Typically, the 'SITE RDW' command is not necessary when you transfer a data set with a z/OS variable-record format to ASCII, or when you transfer an ASCII file to a z/OS variable-record format.

indicates that the file that is being read is in IBM 370 variable-spanned format.

If you specify this option and the RECFM= option, then SAS ignores the RECFM= option.

The data is transferred in image or binary format and is in local data format. Thus, you must use appropriate SAS informats to read the data correctly on non-EBCDIC hosts.

Use the rcmd='site rdw' option when you transfer a z/OS data set with a variable-record format to another z/OS data set with a variable-record format to preserve the record descriptor word (rdw) of each record. By default, most FTP servers remove the rdw that exists in each record before it is transferred.

Typically, the 'SITE RDW' command is not necessary when you transfer a data set with a z/OS variable-record format to ASCII, or when you transfer an ASCII file to a z/OS variable-record format.

where username is used to log in to the FTP server.

The FTP access method does not support FTP proxy servers that require user ID authentication.

This example retrieves a directory listing from a host named mvshost1 for user smythe. and prompts smythe for a password:

Note: В В В The quotation marks are empty because no file is being transferred. Because quotation marks are required by the syntax, however, you must include them. В В

This example reads a file called sales in the directory /u/kudzu/mydata from the remote UNIX host hp720 :

This example creates a file called test. dat in a directory called c:\remote for the user bbailey on the host winnt. pc :

This example reads an S370V-format file from a z/OS system. See RCMD= for more information about RCMD=' site rdw '.

This example shows how to log in to FTP anonymously, if the host accepts anonymous logins.

Note: В В В Some anonymous FTP servers require a password. If required, your e-mail address is usually used. See PASS= under "FTP Options."В В

Note: В В В The quotation marks following the argument FTP are empty. A filename is needed only when transferring a file, not when routing a command. The quotation marks, however, are required. В В

This example shows you how to use an encoded password in the FILENAME statement.

In a separate SAS session, use the PWENCODE procedure to encode your password and make note of the output.

The following output appears in the SAS log:

You can now use the entire encoded password string in your batch program.

This example uses the CIMPORT procedure to import a transport data set from a host named myshost1 for user calvin. The new data set will reside locally in the SASUSER library. Note that user and password can be SAS macro variables. If you specify a fully qualified data set name, then use double quotation marks and single quotation marks. Otherwise, the system will append the profile prefix to the name that you specify.

This example uses the CPORT procedure to transport a SAS library to a host named mvshost1 for user calvin. It will create a new sequential file on the host called userid. mat64.cpo with the recfm of fb. lrecl of 80, and blocksize of 8000.

This example creates a new SAS library on host mvshost1. The FILENAME statement assigns a fileref to the new data set. Note the use of the RCMD= option to specify important file attributes. The LIBNAME statement uses a libref that is the same as the fileref and assigns it to the XPORT engine. The PROC COPY step copies all data sets from the SAS library that are referenced by MYLIB to the XPORT engine. Output from the PROC CONTENTS step confirms that the copy was successful:

Note: В В В For more information about the XPORT engine, see The Transport Engine in SAS Language Reference: Concepts and XPORT Engine Limitations in Moving and Accessing SAS Files. В В

This example reads the file ftpmem1 from a directory on a UNIX host, and writes the file ftpout1 to a different directory on another UNIX host.

The file ftpout1 is written to /usr/proj2/dir2/ftpout1.DATA. Note that a member type of DATA is appended to the ftpout1 file because the FILEEXT option was specified in the output file's FILENAME statement. For more information, see FILEEXT .

Note: В В В The DIR option is not needed for some ODS destinations. В В

The following example writes an output file and transfers it to an ODS-specified destination. The DIR option is not needed.

To export multiple graph files to a remote directory location, the DIR option must be specified in the FILENAME statement. Accordingly, when creating external graph files with the ODS HTML destination, two FILENAME statements are needed: one for the HTML files, and one for the graph files. The following example illustrates the need for two FILENAME statements.

This example uses a proxy server with the FTP access method. The user ID and password are sent via the proxy server.

Two plus ways to transfer files via FTP in Windows

While writing the "Core FTP LE Product Spotlight " blog post, I discovered a new way to transfer files using FTP. It led me to wonder how many other people were unaware of the two-plus ways to transfer files via FTP using only the tools provided in Windows.

I will briefly discuss each method using Windows 7 in the examples below. These instructions will also work in Windows Vista. Each method uses a different component of Windows to initiate the transfer:

Internet Explorer 8

Windows Explorer

DOS command line

Method One - Internet Explorer 8

Everyone who browses the Internet should be familiar with the addresses that are typed in the browser address bar to access a Web site, for example:

The address for FTP access is similar:

Type a public FTP site address like Microsoft's ( Figure A ) in the address bar and press [Return], and you can find knowledge base articles, patches, updated drivers, utilities, and documentation — though the information there is now dated. View the readme. txt files at the site for more information. If you successfully connect, you should see the root directory. You can click on a directory to access sub-directories and files. Download a file by right-clicking on the file and selecting Save Target As .

This blog post is also available in PDF format in a TechRepublic download .

Figure A

Here is FTP from Internet Explorer 8.

Note: Tools | Internet Options | Advanced tab | Enable FTP folder view (outside of Internet Explorer) and the Use Passive FTP (for firewall and DSL modem compatibility) options under Browsing should be checked by default. If not, enable these options. Non-public sites require a user name and password ( Figure B ). This is convenient for listing the files on the remote FTP server, but if you are using IE 7 or IE 8 you will need to launch Windows Explorer to transfer files. ( See Figures C, D, E, and F. )

Figure B

Non-public sites require a user name and password.

Figure C

Select Page | Open FTP Site in Windows Explorer to open Windows Explorer. Alternatively, you can select View | Open FTP Site in Windows Explorer from the menu.

Figure D

Click Allow when the Internet Explorer Security window opens.

Figure E

Enter your user name and password and select Log On to connect using Windows Explorer.

Figure F

If you connect successfully, you should be able to transfer files to and from the FTP server just as you would with any local drive.

Method Two - Windows Explorer

Method one is rather awkward. You can connect to the remote server directly in Windows Explorer ( Figures G and H ).

Figure G

Open Windows Explorer and type the FTP address in the address bar.

Figure H

Hit Return after typing the address, and you will be prompted for a user name and password.

But what if you routinely connect to a FTP server? You don't want to have to type the FTP address each time you want to connect. There are three ways to create a shortcut or link for quick access. First, connect to the FTP server in Windows Explorer.

Option one - Create a desktop shortcut

There are two ways to create a desktop shortcut for a file or folder for quick access:

Select the remote file or folder and press and hold down the [Ctrl][Shift] keys. Drag and drop the file or folder to the desktop.

Right-click on the remote file or folder and hold down the right mouse button. Drag and drop the file or folder to the desktop. Select Create Shortcuts Here.

Option two - Create a link under Favorites

There are two ways to create a link to a folder for quick access:

Drag and drop a remote folder to Favorites in the navigation pane.

Right-click on the remote folder and then hold down the right mouse button. Drag and drop the folder to Favorites in the navigation pane. Select Create Shortcuts Here.

Option three - Create a link under Computer

The Add Network Location Wizard will create a link under Computer in the navigation pane. Right-click on Computer in the navigation pane then select Add a Network Location to open the Add Network Location Wizard. For a complete step-by-step guide, please visit the associated TechRepublic Photo Gallery .

FTP folders in Windows Explorer

A Microsoft spokesperson sent me the following information about the features and limitations of FTP folders in Windows Explorer:

"FTP Folders work natively in the Windows Explorer and allow users to:

Browse them, in a limited way (no metadata or thumbnails)

Copy, move and delete files and folders

Create new folders

Search/filter the current view

Add to favorite links

Open Files using the Common File Dialog

You cannot copy or move files between folders on the server, only to and from your PC

There are no thumbnails, metadata or previews

You can only save to FTP folders using the Common File Dialog if the application supports opening from a virtual namespace (which is rare)

You cannot see Unicode file names

There are no secondary streams"

Method Three - DOS command line

The ftp. exe executable is a Windows utility that can be started from a command prompt window command line. You can manually transfer files using the FTP utility, but the power of this method is automation. It is a very convenient way to schedule and automate the regular transfer of files.

To view help for the FTP utility, open a command prompt window and type ftp -? [ Return ] at the command line. To view the commands available in FTP, type ftp [ Return ] to start the FTP utility and then type ? [ Return ] at the FTP prompt. Type bye [ Return ] at the FTP prompt to exit the FTP utility.

You can create batch files and FTP scripts in order to automate the file transfer process. In the following examples, replace the italicized text with your unique host name, user name, password, local path, and remote server directory.

Editor's note: The following commands are examples. You will have to adjust drive letters and folders to match your system.

Transfer a single file

Type the following into Notepad and save as H:\TransferTest\transfer. bat :

ftp - v - n - s:H:\TransferTest\transfer. ftp

This is what the ftp command does:

ftp — Invoke FTP utility

-v — Suppress display of remote FTP server responses

-n — Suppress auto-login

-s: — Specifies the path including the name of the file containing FTP commands. Note: The path cannot contain spaces .

Type the following into Notepad and save as H:\TransferTest\transfer. ftp :

This is what the FTP commands do:

open — Open the remote FTP server

user — Log in using the user name

password — Log in using the user password

cd — Change to the specified remote directory where you want to upload the files, / public_ftp/test in this example

put — Upload the specified local file. The quotation marks are optional if there are no spaces in the path.

bye — Quit FTP session and exit FTP

Tip: FTP commands can be abbreviated to three characters, so you may see scripts written with commands such as binary abbreviated to bin. Tip: Long path names can be time consuming to type and easy to mistype. You can simplify the process by using one of these methods:

Navigate to the file in Windows Explorer, right-click on any part of the breadcrumb style address in the address bar, and select Copy Address as Text. Paste the address into your FTP script file and add the file name.

The full path including the file name can be copied to the clipboard. Right-click on a file in Windows Explorer, select Properties, and click the Security tab. Select and copy the full path next to Object name: and paste it into your FTP script file.

From a command prompt, type H:\TransferTest\transfer. bat or open the batch file to run it. You may see a Windows Security Alert ( Figures I and J ):

Figure I

Select the Public Networks option and click Allow Access.

Figure J

The put command uploads one file from the client to the server. If the file already exists on the remote server, it will be overwritten.

Use the get command to download one file from the server to the client.

Transferring multiple files

Type the following into Notepad and save as H:\TransferTest\multiple_transfer. bat :

cd /D W:\pecos-softwareworks\shtml

ftp - v - n - s:H:\TransferTest\multiple_transfer. ftp

Type the following into Notepad and save as H:\TransferTest\multiple_transfer. ftp :

mput "changes_to_the_windows7_taskbar_you_should_know_about. shtml" "a_case_of_maxtaken_identity. shtml"

mput "vista_image_capture_1_1_2.zip" "vista_image_capture_1_2_0.zip"

This is what the FTP commands do:

open — Open the remote FTP server

user — Log in using the user name

password — Log in using the user password

cd — Change to the specified remote directory where you want to upload the files, / public_ftp/test in this example

prompt — Disable interactive prompting when uploading multiple files using the mput command

mput - Upload the specified local ASCII files. The quotation marks are optional if there are no spaces in the path.

lcd - Change to the specified local directory containing the files that will be transferred, \ Projects\PSWW\VIC\Package in this example

binary — Switch to the binary transfer mode

mput — Upload the specified local binary files. The quotation marks are optional if there are no spaces in the path.

bye — Quit FTP session and exit FTP

From a command prompt, type H:\TransferTest\multiple_transfer. bat or open the batch file to run it ( Figure K ).

Figure K

You can do multiple transfers.

Note that I used the cd change drive and directory command in the batch file and the lcd change local directory FTP command in the FTP script to simplify the mput commands so that the relative path could be used instead of the full path.

Tip: Spaces can be problematic. Use underscore characters instead of spaces when possible.

The mput command uploads multiple files from the client to the server. If the files already exist on the remote server, they will be overwritten.

Use the mget command to download multiple files from the server to the client.

There are other variations of this method, including creating one batch file. I'll leave it to you to explore them if you wish.

Transferring ASCII and binary files

FTP handles transfers of ASCII (text) files differently from binary files. By default, the Windows FTP utility transfers files using the ASCII mode. The single file example above transfers one ASCII file. The multiple file example transfers both ASCII and binary files. To avoid possible data corruption, use the right transfer mode.

Security issues

There is one obvious security issue. If you have your user ID and password in an unencrypted text file, it can be read by anyone with access to the computer, so you will want to encrypt the FTP script file. Search for encrypt in Windows Help and click the Encrypt or Decrypt a Folder or File item or view these Microsoft Web pages for how to encrypt your data with Windows 2000. Windows Server 2003. Windows XP. Windows Vista. or Windows 7. Wikipedia lists the Windows operating systems that support the Encrypting File System (EFS). You can also use a third-party application like TrueCrypt .

Potential firewall issues

If you receive a 425 Unable to build data connection: Connection timed out error the problem is likely with your firewall. The FTP utility does not support the passive transfer mode, and this can lead to firewall issues. I received this error using Comodo Firewall 4.0, and there are several workarounds that I can detail in the forum. If you are having this issue with your firewall, you will need to configure the firewall to allow access for the FTP utility.

The final word

Before you go looking for a third-party app, take a closer look at the tools provided in Windows. One of the above methods may be the perfect solution for your FTP needs.

Susan Harkins makes a good point in "Recommend Clients Using FTP Switch to SSL or SSH " that sensitive or confidential data should not be sent using the FTP protocol.

Additional resources

Microsoft Windows Command-Line FTP Command List - nsftools. com

Active FTP vs. Passive FTP, a Definitive Explanation - Slacksite. com

ASCII or Binary? Which Files Are Which - Webweaver

Stay on top of the latest XP tips and tricks with TechRepublic's Windows XP newsletter, delivered every Thursday. Automatically sign up today!

Author's Note

I would like to thank Microsoft for their help with this article.

About Alan Norton

Alan Norton began using PCs in 1981, when they were called microcomputers. He has worked at companies like Hughes Aircraft and CSC, where he developed client/server-based applications. Alan is currently semi-retired and starting a new career as a wri.

Full Bio

Alan Norton began using PCs in 1981, when they were called microcomputers. He has worked at companies like Hughes Aircraft and CSC, where he developed client/server-based applications. Alan is currently semi-retired and starting a new career as a writer for TechRepublic.

Net::FTP

Net::FTP

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPCIÓN

Net::FTP is a class implementing a simple FTP client in Perl as described in RFC959. It provides wrappers for a subset of the RFC959 commands.

The Net::FTP class is a subclass of Net::Cmd and IO::Socket::INET.

VISIÓN DE CONJUNTO

FTP stands for File Transfer Protocol. It is a way of transferring files between networked machines. The protocol defines a client (whose commands are provided by this module) and a server (not implemented in this module). Communication is always initiated by the client, and the server responds with a message and a status code (and sometimes with data).

The FTP protocol allows files to be sent to or fetched from the server. Each transfer involves a local file (on the client) and a remote file (on the server). In this module, the same file name will be used for both local and remote if only one is specified. This means that transferring remote file /path/to/file will try to put that file in /path/to/file locally, unless you specify a local file name.

The protocol also defines several standard translations which the file can undergo during transfer. These are ASCII, EBCDIC, binary, and byte. ASCII is the default type, and indicates that the sender of files will translate the ends of lines to a standard representation which the receiver will then translate back into their local representation. EBCDIC indicates the file being transferred is in EBCDIC format. Binary (also known as image) format sends the data as a contiguous bit stream. Byte format transfers the data as bytes, the values of which remain the same regardless of differences in byte size between the two machines (in theory - in practice you should only use this if you really know what you're doing). This class does not support the EBCDIC or byte formats, and will default to binary instead if they are attempted.

CONSTRUCTOR

This is the constructor for a new Net::FTP object. HOST is the name of the remote host to which an FTP connection is required.

HOST is optional. If HOST is not given then it may instead be passed as the Host option described below.

OPTIONS are passed in a hash like fashion, using key and value pairs. Possible options are:

Host - FTP host to connect to. It may be a single scalar, as defined for the PeerAddr option in IO::Socket::INET. or a reference to an array with hosts to try in turn. The host method will return the value which was used to connect to the host.

Firewall - The name of a machine which acts as an FTP firewall. This can be overridden by an environment variable FTP_FIREWALL. If specified, and the given host cannot be directly connected to, then the connection is made to the firewall machine and the string @hostname is appended to the login identifier. This kind of setup is also referred to as an ftp proxy.

FirewallType - The type of firewall running on the machine indicated by Firewall . This can be overridden by an environment variable FTP_FIREWALL_TYPE. For a list of permissible types, see the description of ftp_firewall_type in Net::Config .

BlockSize - This is the block size that Net::FTP will use when doing transfers. (defaults to 10240)

Port - The port number to connect to on the remote machine for the FTP connection

SSL - If the connection should be done from start with SSL, contrary to later upgrade with starttls .

SSL_* - SSL arguments which will be applied when upgrading the control or data connection to SSL. You can use SSL arguments as documented in IO::Socket::SSL. but it will usually use the right arguments already.

Timeout - Set a timeout value in seconds (defaults to 120)

Debug - debug level (see the debug method in Net::Cmd )

Passive - If set to a non-zero value then all data transfers will be done using passive mode. If set to zero then data transfers will be done using active mode. If the machine is connected to the Internet directly, both passive and active mode should work equally well. Behind most firewall and NAT configurations passive mode has a better chance of working. However, in some rare firewall configurations, active mode actually works when passive mode doesn't. Some really old FTP servers might not implement passive transfers. If not specified, then the transfer mode is set by the environment variable FTP_PASSIVE or if that one is not set by the settings done by the libnetcfg utility. If none of these apply then passive mode is used.

Hash - If given a reference to a file handle (e. g. \ *STDERR ), print hash marks (#) on that filehandle every 1024 bytes. This simply invokes the hash ( ) method for you, so that hash marks are displayed for all transfers. You can, of course, call hash ( ) explicitly whenever you'd like.

LocalAddr - Local address to use for all socket connections, this argument will be passed to IO::Socket::INET

If the constructor fails undef will be returned and an error message will be in $@

METHODS

Unless otherwise stated all methods return either a true or false value, with true meaning that the operation was a success. When a method states that it returns a value, failure will be returned as undef or an empty list.

Net::FTP inherits from Net::Cmd so methods defined in Net::Cmd may be used to send commands to the remote FTP server in addition to the methods documented here.

Log into the remote FTP server with the given login information. If no arguments are given then the Net::FTP uses the Net::Netrc package to lookup the login information for the connected host. If no information is found then a login of anonymous is used. If no password is given and the login is anonymous then anonymous@ will be used for password.

If the connection is via a firewall then the authorize method will be called with no arguments.

Upgrade existing plain connection to SSL. The SSL arguments have to be given in new already because they are needed for data connections too.

Downgrade existing SSL connection back to plain. This is needed to work with some FTP helpers at firewalls, which need to see the PORT and PASV commands and responses to dynamically open the necessary ports. In this case starttls is usually only done to protect the authorization.

Set what type of data channel protection the client and server will be using. Only LEVEL s "C" (clear) and "P" (private) are supported.

Returns the value used by the constructor, and passed to IO::Socket::INET, to connect to the host.

Set a string identifying the user's account.

This is a protocol used by some firewall ftp proxies. It is used to authorise the user to send data out. If both arguments are not specified then authorize uses Net::Netrc to do a lookup.

Send a SITE command to the remote server and wait for a response.

Returns most significant digit of the response code.

Transfer file in ASCII. CRLF translation will be done if required

Transfer file in binary mode. No transformation will be done.

Hint . If both server and client machines use the same line ending for text files, then it will be faster to transfer all files in binary mode.

Set or get if files will be transferred in ASCII or binary mode.

Rename a file on the remote FTP server from OLDNAME to NEWNAME. This is done by sending the RNFR and RNTO commands.

Send a request to the server to delete FILENAME .

Attempt to change directory to the directory given in $dir. If $dir is "..". the FTP CDUP command is used to attempt to move up one directory. If no directory is given then an attempt is made to change the directory to the root directory.

Change directory to the parent of the current directory.

Set or get if data connections will be initiated in passive mode.

Returns the full pathname of the current directory.

Set the byte offset at which to begin the next data transfer. Net::FTP simply records this value and uses it when during the next data transfer. For this reason this method will not return an error, but setting it may cause a subsequent data transfer to fail.

Remove the directory with the name DIR. If RECURSE is true then rmdir will attempt to delete everything inside the directory.

Create a new directory with the name DIR. If RECURSE is true then mkdir will attempt to create all the directories in the given path.

Returns the full pathname to the new directory.

The alloc command allows you to give the ftp server a hint about the size of the file about to be transferred using the ALLO ftp command. Some storage systems use this to make intelligent decisions about how to store the file. The SIZE argument represents the size of the file in bytes. The RECORD_SIZE argument indicates a maximum record or page size for files sent with a record or page structure.

The size of the file will be determined, and sent to the server automatically for normal files so that this method need only be called if you are transferring data from a socket, named pipe, or other stream not associated with a normal file.

Get a directory listing of DIR. or the current directory.

In an array context, returns a list of lines returned from the server. In a scalar context, returns a reference to a list.

Get a directory listing of DIR. or the current directory in long format.

In an array context, returns a list of lines returned from the server. In a scalar context, returns a reference to a list.

get ( REMOTE_FILE [, LOCAL_FILE [, WHERE]] )

Get REMOTE_FILE from the server and store locally. LOCAL_FILE may be a filename or a filehandle. If not specified, the file will be stored in the current directory with the same leafname as the remote file.

If WHERE is given then the first WHERE bytes of the file will not be transferred, and the remaining bytes will be appended to the local file if it already exists.

Returns LOCAL_FILE. or the generated local file name if LOCAL_FILE is not given. If an error was encountered undef is returned.

Put a file on the remote server. LOCAL_FILE may be a name or a filehandle. If LOCAL_FILE is a filehandle then REMOTE_FILE must be specified. If REMOTE_FILE is not specified then the file will be stored in the current directory with the same leafname as LOCAL_FILE .

Returns REMOTE_FILE. or the generated remote filename if REMOTE_FILE is not given.

NOTA . If for some reason the transfer does not complete and an error is returned then the contents that had been transferred will not be remove automatically.

put_unique ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ] )

Same as put but uses the STOU command.

Returns the name of the file on the server.

Same as put but appends to the file on the remote server.

Returns REMOTE_FILE. or the generated remote filename if REMOTE_FILE is not given.

Returns the name of the last file stored on the server using the STOU command.

Returns the modification time of the given file

Returns the size in bytes for the given file as stored on the remote server.

NOTA . The size reported is the size of the stored file on the remote server. If the file is subsequently transferred from the server in ASCII mode and the remote server and local machine have different ideas about "End Of Line" then the size of file on the local machine after transfer may be different.

Returns TRUE if the remote server supports the given command.

hash ( [FILEHANDLE_GLOB_REF],[ BYTES_PER_HASH_MARK] )

Called without parameters, or with the first argument false, hash marks are suppressed. If the first argument is true but not a reference to a file handle glob, then \*STDERR is used. The second argument is the number of bytes per hash mark printed, and defaults to 1024. In all cases the return value is a reference to an array of two: the filehandle glob reference and the bytes per hash mark.

Determine if the server supports the specified feature. The return value is a list of lines the server responded with to describe the options that it supports for the given feature. If the feature is unsupported then the empty list is returned.

The following methods can return different results depending on how they are called. If the user explicitly calls either of the pasv or port methods then these methods will return a true or false value. If the user does not call either of these methods then the result will be a reference to a Net::FTP::dataconn based object.

Send an NLST command to the server, with an optional parameter.

Same as nlst but using the LIST command

Begin the retrieval of a file called FILE from the remote server.

Tell the server that you wish to store a file. FILE is the name of the new file that should be created.

Same as stor but using the STOU command. The name of the unique file which was created on the server will be available via the unique_name method after the data connection has been closed.

Tell the server that we want to append some data to the end of a file called FILE. If this file does not exist then create it.

If for some reason you want to have complete control over the data connection, this includes generating it and calling the response method when required, then the user can use these methods to do so.

However calling these methods only affects the use of the methods above that can return a data connection. They have no effect on methods get. put. put_unique and those that do not require data connections.

Send a PORT (IPv4) or EPRT (IPv6) command to the server. If PORT is specified then it is sent to the server. If not, then a listen socket is created and the correct information sent to the server.

Tell the server to go into passive mode ( pasv for IPv4, epsv for IPv6). Returns the text that represents the port on which the server is listening, this text is in a suitable form to send to another ftp server using the port or eprt method.

The following methods can be used to transfer files between two remote servers, providing that these two servers can connect directly to each other.

pasv_xfer ( SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [, DEST_FILE ] )

This method will do a file transfer between two remote ftp servers. If DEST_FILE is omitted then the leaf name of SRC_FILE will be used.

pasv_xfer_unique ( SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [, DEST_FILE ] )

Like pasv_xfer but the file is stored on the remote server using the STOU command.

This method can be used to wait for a transfer to complete between a passive server and a non-passive server. The method should be called on the passive server with the Net::FTP object for the non-passive server passed as an argument.

Abort the current data transfer.

Send the QUIT command to the remote FTP server and close the socket connection.

Methods for the adventurous

Send a command, that Net::FTP does not directly support, to the remote server and wait for a response.

Returns most significant digit of the response code.

WARNING This call should only be used on commands that do not require data connections. Misuse of this method can hang the connection.

Returns whether we can use IPv6.

Returns whether we can use SSL.

THE dataconn CLASS

Some of the methods defined in Net::FTP return an object which will be derived from the Net::FTP::dataconn class. See Net::FTP::dataconn for more details.

UNIMPLEMENTED

The following RFC959 commands have not been implemented:

Mount a different file system structure without changing login or accounting information.

Ask the server for "helpful information" (that's what the RFC says) on the commands it accepts.

Specifies transfer mode (stream, block or compressed) for file to be transferred.

Request remote server system identification.

Request remote server status.

Specifies file structure for file to be transferred.

Reinitialize the connection, flushing all I/O and account information.

REPORTING BUGS

When reporting bugs/problems please include as much information as possible. It may be difficult for me to reproduce the problem as almost every setup is different.

A small script which yields the problem will probably be of help. It would also be useful if this script was run with the extra options Debug = 1> passed to the constructor, and the output sent with the bug report. If you cannot include a small script then please include a Debug trace from a run of your program which does yield the problem.

AUTHOR

Graham Barr < gbarr@pobox. com >

Steve Hay < shay@cpan. org > is now maintaining libnet as of version 1.22_02

VER TAMBIÉN

USE EXAMPLES

For an example of the use of Net::FTP see

autoftp is a program that can retrieve, send, or list files via the FTP protocol in a non-interactive manner.

CREDITS

Henry Gabryjelski <henryg@WPI. EDU> - for the suggestion of creating directories recursively.

Nathan Torkington <gnat@frii. com> - for some input on the documentation.

Roderick Schertler <roderick@gate. net> - for various inputs

DERECHOS DE AUTOR

Versions up to 2.77_2 Copyright (c) 1995-2004 Graham Barr. Todos los derechos reservados. Changes in Version 2.77_3 onwards Copyright (C) 2017-2017 Steve Hay. Todos los derechos reservados.

This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.

FTP Consumer does not support concurrency

The FTP consumer (with the same endpoint) does not support concurrency (the backing FTP client is not thread safe). You can use multiple FTP consumers to poll from different endpoints. It is only a single endpoint that does not support concurrent consumers.

The FTP producer does not have this issue, it supports concurrency.

This component is an extension of the File component. So there are more samples and details on the File component page.

Default when consuming files

The FTP consumer will by default leave the consumed files untouched on the remote FTP server. You have to configure it explicitly if you want it to delete the files or move them to another location. For example you can use delete=true to delete the files, or use move=.done to move the files into a hidden done sub directory.

The regular File consumer is different as it will by default move files to a. camel sub directory. The reason Camel does not do this by default for the FTP consumer is that it may lack permissions by default to be able to move or delete files.

limitaciones

The option readLock can be used to force Camel not to consume files that is currently in the progress of being written. However, this option is turned off by default, as it requires that the user has write access. See the options table at File2 for more details about read locks. There are other solutions to avoid consuming files that are currently being written over FTP; for instance, you can write to a temporary destination and move the file after it has been written.

When moving files using move or preMove option the files are restricted to the FTP_ROOT folder. That prevents you from moving files outside the FTP area. If you want to move files to another area you can use soft links and move files into a soft linked folder.

Message Headers

The following message headers can be used to affect the behavior of the component

Specifies the output file name (relative to the endpoint directory) to be used for the output message when sending to the endpoint. If this is not present and no expression either, then a generated message ID is used as the filename instead.

The actual filepath (path + name) for the output file that was written. This header is set by Camel and its purpose is providing end-users the name of the file that was written.

About timeouts

The two set of libraries (see top) has different API for setting timeout. You can use the connectTimeout option for both of them to set a timeout in millis to establish a network connection. An individual soTimeout can also be set on the FTP/FTPS, which corresponds to using ftpClient. soTimeout. Notice SFTP will automatically use connectTimeout as its soTimeout. The timeout option only applies for FTP/FTSP as the data timeout, which corresponds to the ftpClient. dataTimeout value. All timeout values are in millis.

Using Local Work Directory

Camel supports consuming from remote FTP servers and downloading the files directly into a local work directory. This avoids reading the entire remote file content into memory as it is streamed directly into the local file using FileOutputStream .

Camel will store to a local file with the same name as the remote file, though with. inprogress as extension while the file is being downloaded. Afterwards, the file is renamed to remove the. inprogress suffix. And finally, when the Exchange is complete the local file is deleted.

So if you want to download files from a remote FTP server and store it as files then you need to route to a file endpoint such as:

Optimization by renaming work file

The route above is ultra efficient as it avoids reading the entire file content into memory. It will download the remote file directly to a local file stream. The java. io. File handle is then used as the Exchange body. The file producer leverages this fact and can work directly on the work file java. io. File handle and perform a java. io. File. rename to the target filename. As Camel knows it's a local work file, it can optimize and use a rename instead of a file copy, as the work file is meant to be deleted anyway.

Stepwise changing directories

Camel FTP can operate in two modes in terms of traversing directories when consuming files (eg downloading) or producing files (eg uploading)

You may want to pick either one depending on your situation and security issues. Some Camel end users can only download files if they use stepwise, while others can only download if they do not. At least you have the choice to pick (from Camel 2.6 onwards).

In Camel 2.0 - 2.5 there is only one mode and it is:

before 2.5 not stepwise

2.5 stepwise

From Camel 2.6 onwards there is now an option stepwise you can use to control the behavior.

Note that stepwise changing of directory will in most cases only work when the user is confined to it's home directory and when the home directory is reported as "/" .

The difference between the two of them is best illustrated with an example. Suppose we have the following directory structure on the remote FTP server we need to traverse and download files:

And that we have a file in each of sub-a (a. txt) and sub-b (b. txt) folder.

Using stepwise=true (default mode)

Consuming a remote FTPS server (explicit TLS) and a custom trust store configuration

Filter using org. apache. camel. component. file. GenericFileFilter

Camel supports pluggable filtering strategies. This strategy it to use the build in org. apache. camel. component. file. GenericFileFilter in Java. You can then configure the endpoint with such a filter to skip certain filters before being processed.

In the sample we have built our own filter that only accepts files starting with report in the filename.

And then we can configure our route using the filter attribute to reference our filter (using # notation) that we have defined in the spring XML file:

Filtering using ANT path matcher

The ANT path matcher is a filter that is shipped out-of-the-box in the camel-spring jar. So you need to depend on camel-spring if you are using Maven. The reason is that we leverage Spring's AntPathMatcher to do the actual matching.

The file paths are matched with the following rules:

. matches one character

* matches zero or more characters

** matches zero or more directories in a path

The sample below demonstrates how to use it:

Using a proxy with SFTP

To use an HTTP proxy to connect to your remote host, you can configure your route in the following way:

You can also assign a user name and password to the proxy, if necessary. Please consult the documentation for com. jcraft. jsch. Proxy to discover all options.

Setting preferred SFTP authentication method

If you want to explicitly specify the list of authentication methods that should be used by sftp component, use preferredAuthentications option. If for example you would like Camel to attempt to authenticate with private/public SSH key and fallback to user/password authentication in the case when no public key is available, use the following route configuration:

Consuming a single file using a fixed name

When you want to download a single file and knows the file name, you can use fileName=myFileName. txt to tell Camel the name of the file to download. By default the consumer will still do a FTP LIST command to do a directory listing and then filter these files based on the fileName option. Though in this use-case it may be desirable to turn off the directory listing by setting useList=false. For example the user account used to login to the FTP server may not have permission to do a FTP LIST command. So you can turn off this with useList=false. and then provide the fixed name of the file to download with fileName=myFileName. txt. then the FTP consumer can still download the file. If the file for some reason does not exist, then Camel will by default throw an exception, you can turn this off and ignore this by setting ignoreFileNotFoundOrPermissionError=true .

For example to have a Camel route that pickup a single file, and delete it after use you can do

Notice that we have use all the options we talked above above.

You can also use this with ConsumerTemplate. For example to download a single file (if it exists) and grab the file content as a String type:

Debug logging

This component has log level TRACE that can be helpful if you have problems.

ftp_put

If you get this error when trying to send data to server : Warning: ftp_put() [function. ftp-put]: Unable to build data connection: Connection timed out.

Two solutions : - Add the program httpd. exe in your exception list for external connexions of your firewall. Indeed, the FTP protocol open a new socket for data transfer. And this socket is opened from the server to the client (your computer). This program is located (for WAMP) in C:\wamp\bin\apache\Apache[version]\bin\ - Use the ftp_pasv() function to activate the passive mode. In this mode, it is the client who open the new socket to the server.

I had a little trouble getting the ftp_put to work, because of that particular server. All variables and data parsed from the previous web form had to be retreived using $_POST, $_GET or $_FILES.

If you don't know what you sent use phpinfo(); to display what the server thinks about your data.

asi que. when sending files using a form and PHP, make sure that all the data (text files etc. ) are retreived with $_POST, and files (smiley. png, compression. zip, etc. ) are retreived with $_FILES.

here's what your start of a results. php file might look like: <?PHP $myName = $_POST [ 'name' ]; //This will copy the text into a variable $myFile = $_FILES [ 'file_name' ]; // This will make an array out of the file information that was stored. ?>

Now when it comes to transmitting that information.

<?PHP $destination_path = "src/bin/" ;

//where you want to throw the file on the webserver (relative to your login dir)

$destination_file = $destination_path. "img. jpg" ;

//This will create a full path with the file on the end for you to use, I like splitting the variables like this in case I need to use on on their own or if I'm dynamically creating new folders.

$file = $myFile [ 'tmp_name' ];

//Converts the array into a new string containing the path name on the server where your file is.

$upload = ftp_put ( $conn_id. $destination_file. $file. FTP_BINARY ); // upload the file if (! $upload ) echo "FTP upload of $destination_file has failed!" ; > else echo "Uploaded $file to $conn_id as $destination_file " ; > ?>

hope this is usefull ^_^

Got this cryptic error

Warning: ftp_put() [function. ftp-put]: 'STOR' not understood in C:\wamp\www\kevtest\ftp_todays. php on line 48

Found the prob, you can't put a path to the destination file (even though I can do that in the dos ftp client. )

p. ej. - this doesn't work ftp_put($conn, '/www/site/file. html','c:/wamp/www/site/file. html',FTP_BINARY);

you have to put

<?php ftp_chdir ( $conn. '/www/site/' ); ftp_put ( $conn. 'file. html'. 'c:/wamp/www/site/file. html'. FTP_BINARY ); ?>

Here is the Code I am using for the same function with more flexibility in static code: <? $name = "FILE NAME"; $filename = "FILE NAME WITH FULL PATH";

//-- Code to Transfer File on Server Dt: 06-03-2008 by Aditya Bhatt --// //-- Connection Settings $ftp_server = "IP ADDRESS"; // Address of FTP server. $ftp_user_name = " SERVER USERNAME"; // Username $ftp_user_pass = " SERVER PASSWORD"; // Password $destination_file = " SERVER FILE PATH TO UPLOAD VIA FTP_PUT"; //where you want to throw the file on the webserver (relative to your login dir)

$conn_id = ftp_connect($ftp_server) or die("<span style='color:#FF0000'><h2>Couldn't connect to $ftp_server</h2></span>"); // set up basic connection

$login_result = ftp_login($conn_id, $ftp_user_name, $ftp_user_pass) or die("<span style='color:#FF0000'><h2>You do not have access to this ftp server!</h2></span>"); // login with username and password, or give invalid user message

if ((!$conn_id) || (!$login_result)) // wont ever hit this, b/c of the die call on ftp_login echo "<span style='color:#FF0000'><h2>FTP connection has failed! <br />"; echo "Attempted to connect to $ftp_server for user $ftp_user_name</h2></span>"; salida; > else //echo "Connected to $ftp_server, for user $ftp_user_name <br />"; >

$upload = ftp_put($conn_id, $destination_file.$name, $filename, FTP_BINARY); // upload the file if (!$upload) echo "<span style='color:#FF0000'><h2>FTP upload of $filename has failed!</h2></span> <br />"; > else echo "<span style='color:#339900'><h2>Uploading $name Completed Successfully!</h2></span><br /><br />"; > ftp_close($conn_id); // close the FTP stream ?>

The following is a fully tested function (based on a previous note) that recursively puts files from a source directory to a destination directory. See http://rufy. com/tech/archives/000026.html for more information.

NOTE: use full path name for the destination directory and the destination directory must already exist

function ftp_putAll($conn_id, $src_dir, $dst_dir) $d = dir($src_dir); while($file = $d->read()) if ($file != "." && $file != "..") if (is_dir($src_dir."/".$file)) if (!@ftp_chdir($conn_id, $dst_dir."/".$file)) ftp_mkdir($conn_id, $dst_dir."/".$file); // create directories that do not yet exist > ftp_putAll($conn_id, $src_dir."/".$file, $dst_dir."/".$file); // recursive part > else $upload = ftp_put($conn_id, $dst_dir."/".$file, $src_dir."/".$file, FTP_BINARY); // put the files > > > $d->close(); >

Here is a fix for the function from lucas at rufy dot com below that will recursively put files from a source directory to a destination directory. As written below, it won't put a file in a directory that already exists, because the the destination is altered. So here is the corrected function that will allow it to work:

function ftp_putAll($conn_id, $src_dir, $dst_dir) $d = dir($src_dir); while($file = $d->read()) if ($file != "." && $file != "..") if (is_dir($src_dir."/".$file)) if (!@ftp_nlist($conn_id, $dst_dir."/".$file)) ftp_mkdir($conn_id, $dst_dir."/".$file); // create directories that do not yet exist > ftp_putAll($conn_id, $src_dir."/".$file, $dst_dir."/".$file); // recursive part > else $upload = ftp_put($conn_id, $dst_dir."/".$file, $src_dir."/".$file, FTP_BINARY); // put the files > > > $d->close(); >

In case you aren't aware. Some web hosting services do NOT allow outbound ftp unless you have a dedicated server account. A "shared" hosting account often doesn't have this capability.

So if you can't get your ftp, curl, or ssh remote file transfer functions to work, check with the host service and ask. You may have to upgrade your account.

ftp_put() can display confusing warning messages as it returns one line of the remote server's response which may be multi lined.

If you're transferring large amounts of files note that some file systems only support up to 2000 files per directory. This had me stumped for a while.

I spent some time debugging a silly problem:

In php >= 5, ftp_put() will apparently rewind to the start of the file regardless of the state you left it in before sending it to the $host.

I found this out because I wasn't closing the file handle before using ftp_put(). Since I had just written to the file, the file pointer must have been located at the *bottom*.

I was sending a 0-byte file on php 4.2.2. but worked fine on php 5.

So, just a heads up, don't forget to close those filehandles. Even though I was using the filename as the argument for ftp_put, it still needs to be closed.

I did not call rewind on the file handle, just fclose($file_h).

This solution to a common problem is implied elsewhere, but I thought it might be useful to put it all in one place (since I spent hours piecing it together!)

Sometimes a web host will open PHP sessions with a user of 'nobody'. Files created by this user may not have the correct permissions to allow management of those files by the actual owner of the site. The following script allows the actual owner to open access to a directory so that 'nobody' can create a file using fopen(). Then using the handle created by 'nobody', the ftp_fput() command saves the file with the correct owner. The file 'nobody' created is discarded. <? $connection = ftp_connect($ftpServer); ftp_login($connection, $ftpUser, $ftpPass); ftp_chdir($connection, $ftpDir); // open the directory so that 'nobody' can create a temporary file ftp_site($cn, "CHMOD 777 $ftpDir"); $new="tempFile"; @unlink($new); // just in case $handle=fopen($new,"x"); chmod($new,0777); fputs($handle,"a bunch of stuff. "); fclose($handle); // have to rewind $handle=fopen("tempFile","r"); ftp_fput($connection, "finalFile", $handle, FTP_ASCII); fclose($handle); unlink($new); // remove open access to the directory ftp_site($connection, "CHMOD 755 $ftpDir") ftp_close($connection); ?>

When using versions of PHP below 4.04b4, the ftp_put command doesn't work on NT/IIS4. Most of the other functions will work, but there was a bug while trying to send upstream data to an IIS webserver.

Friends, If you wanna upload files from your harddisk by a form to a specified ftp this sample can help you. First of all create the form: <html>

<body marginwidth=4 marginheight=4 topmargin=4 leftmargin=4 bgcolor=white vlink="#0000ff" link="#0000ff">

<form name="Attachments" method=POST action="sendimage. php" enctype="multipart/form-data">

<input type=hidden name=box value="">

<tr> <td nowrap width="1%">&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>Image:</b></td> <td colspan=2> <input type=file name=source_file size=20> <br>

</td> </tr> <input type=submit name=btnSubmit value=Submit size=20 style="border: 1px solid #0000FF"></form> </body> </html>

The critical point in this form is the usage of enctype="multipart/form-data" If you don't use this part your upload operations won't work. Then u must create sendimage. php as follows:

$ftp_server = '190.148.20.201' ; //serverip $conn_id = ftp_connect ( $ftp_server );

// login with username and password $user = "username" ; $passwd = "*****" ; $login_result = ftp_login ( $conn_id. $user. $passwd );

// check connection if ((! $conn_id ) || (! $login_result )) echo "FTP connection has failed!" ; echo "Attempted to connect to $ftp_server for user $ftp_user_name " ; die; > else echo "<br>Connected to $ftp_server. for user $user <br>" ; > //directorylike /www. velibaba. com/images ftp_chdir ( $conn_id. "www. velibab. com" ); ftp_chdir ( $conn_id. "compimages" );

$destination_file = "x. jpg" ; echo ( "<br>" ); print $destination_file ;

// upload the file $upload = ftp_put ( $conn_id. $destination_file. $source_file. FTP_BINARY );

// check upload status if (! $upload ) echo "FTP upload has failed!" ; > else echo "Uploaded $source_file to $ftp_server as $destination_file " ; >

// close the FTP stream ftp_close ( $conn_id ); ?>

In this example code $source_file is the path of the file in your disk, and destination file is the name of the uploaded file in ftpserver. In this code I use ftp_chdir to give the path of the uploaded file within ftpserver.. For your questions about all categories of PHP my email:kiwo1@yahoo. com c u.

If you are getting the very helpful warnings. "Opening BINARY mode data connection" or "Opening ASCII mode data connection"

and have tried ftp_pasv, ftp_alloc, switching between FTP_ASCII or FTP_BINARY and blaming the FTP provider (like I did), try using ftp_close then ftp_connect to reset your FTP connection. Worked for me!

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www. w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional. dtd "> <html xmlns="http://www. w3.org/1999/xhtml "> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <title>Simple FTP Upload Script using PHP by 2netlodge</title> </head>

<body> <?php if(isset( $_POST [ 'ftp' ])) $ftp = $_POST [ 'ftp' ]; $username = $_POST [ 'username' ]; $pwd = $_POST [ 'pwd' ]; $filename = $_FILES [ 'file' ][ 'name' ]; $tmp = $_FILES [ 'file' ][ 'tmp_name' ]; $d = $_POST [ 'des' ];

$connect = ftp_connect ( $ftp )or die( "Unable to connect to host" ); ftp_login ( $connect. $username. $pwd )or die( "Authorization Failed" ); echo "Connected!<br/>" ;

if(! $filename ) echo "Please select a file" ; > else ftp_put ( $connect. $d. '/'. $filename. $tmp. FTP_ASCII )or die( "Unable to upload" ); echo "File successfully uploaded to FTP" ; >>

?> <form action="" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data"> <input type="text" name="ftp" placeholder="FTP link"/><br/> <input type="text" name="username" placeholder="Username"/><br/> <input type="password" name="pwd" placeholder="Password"/><br/> <input type="file" name="file" /><br/> <input type="text" name="des" placeholder="Destination" /><br/> <br/><input type="submit" value="Upload"/></form>

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Transferring Files in Binary or ASCII Mode

You can specify binary or ASCII mode for a session. globally (per file type), and per site. All extensions are sent in binary mode unless they are listed in the ASCII extensions list, as described below.

To choose the transfer mode for a session

You can change the transfer type for a single CuteFTP session. Once CuteFTP is restarted, it reverts to the transfer type set in Global Options .

On the main menu, click File > Transfer Type . then click one of the following:

Auto (or press CTRL+F1) - Auto is the default transfer type, and sends files in the mode specified for each file's extension. All extensions are sent in binary mode unless they are listed in Global Options, as described below.

ASCII (or press CTRL+F2) - files will be transferred in ASCII mode.

Binary (or press CTRL+F3) - files will be transferred in Binary mode.

To transfer specific file types in ASCII mode

On the main menu, click Tools > Global Options (or press ALT+F7). The Global Options dialog box appears.

Expand the Transfer node, then click ASCII Types . A list of the file types that are transferred in ASCII mode are displayed.

Do the following:

To specify file types that are to be transferred in ASCII mode, in the ASCII extensions list, type the file extension for the file type you want to transfer in ASCII mode, then click Add . The extension appears in the list.

To specify file types that are to be transferred in binary mode, in the ASCII extensions list, click the extension of the file type that you want to transfer in binary mode, then click Remove . Removing the file type from the ASCII extensions list will cause that type of file to be transferred in binary mode.

To change a site's transfer types

Click the Type   tab.

In the Transfer type box, Auto-detect is selected by default. Based on the file type, CuteFTP decides whether to transfer in ASCII or binary. To change this setting for this site, click one of the following:

ASCII - Used primarily for transfer of text-based files such as HTML, text, and other documents.

Binary - Used primarily for data type transfers such as pictures and other graphics or files that do not have line feeds.

Click Connect or Exit .

SSH2 servers do not support ASCII transfers (see http://www. ssh. com/tech/archive/secsh. cfm ). CuteFTP Professional adjusts for this by automatically stripping line feeds prior to uploads and restores them during downloads (prior to the file being written to disk).

Did this topic solve your problem/answer your question?

* For the most up-to-date information regarding CuteFTP,

* To view version history, updates, and activation instructions,

* To download a PDF of this user guide,

Copyright © 1996-2011 GlobalSCAPE, Inc. All rights reserved. Based on the original by Alex Kunadze.

Last modified: 2012-01-25

FTP Explorer Help

Up One Level

This option moves up one directory level, and is only available if a connection is active, and the current directory is not at the root level.

Go To

This button functions in the same manner as the Go To option from the Tools Menu. Use it to enter a path and move directly to the folder or directory specified rather than using the mouse to navigate through the server's directory structure.

Refrescar

Use this option to reload the file listing of the current directory. This option is only available if a connection is active. You may also refresh the current directory by using the Context Menu in the File View Area, or by choosing the Refresh option from the View Menu.

Conectar

Use the connect button to open the Connection Dialog and make a new connection to a FTP server. If a server is currently attached, connecting to a new server will disconnect from the existing server, and allow you to browse exclusively the new connection. However, any file transfer requests from or to the current connection that have been added to the Transfer Manager will be downloaded or uploaded from the existing connection while you connect and browse the new connection.

Disconnect

Use this button to disconnect from the current server and clear the Tree or "All Folders" and List or "Contents of " windows. Disconnecting from a server will not halt any file transfer requests that have been added to the Transfer Manager, or initiated on the current server.

Cancelar

The Cancel button is only active during connection attempts are being carried out by FTP Explorer. Pressing this button will cancel any connection attempts in progress.

Quick Connect

Like its counterpart in the Tools Menu, the Quick Connect button allows the user to open a dialog to enter the URL to a server without entering all of the server profile information in the Connection Dialog. This is especially convenient for pasting URL’s from other applications. Quick Connect will attempt to make an anonymous connection to the specified server on the default port (21). If the server does not accept anonymous logins, or connections on the default port, the quick connect will fail, and a server profile must be made in the connection dialog. Syntax for the quick connect is as follows:

If the URL includes a filename, enable the “Download File” option to instruct the program to download the file (the option will only be visible when there is no “/” character at the end of the URL).

Download To

Selecting this option will save the currently highlighted file to a name of your choice. It will queue a transfer request with the Transfer Manager, which will initiate the download of the file from the server, and save it in the directory and as the file name that you choose. This option differs from the "Download" option in that you will be prompted for a local directory and file name to which to save the file. This option is only available when a connection is active and one or more files are selected within the List View or File View area.

Descargar

This button will queue a transfer request to download the selected file(s) from the server to the default download directory (see the Option Configuration Dialog for more information on download path options).

Subir

This button will prompt for one or more files, then queue a transfer request to upload those file(s) from the host to the current directory of the server.

Upload Folder

This option allows you to select an entire folder to be uploaded.

File Delete

This button will queue a command to delete the currently highlighted file(s) provided that your account on the server to which the program is connected permits the deletion. The command will be completed once all commands queued prior to it have been completed.

File Properties

Displays the Properties Dialog to show the properties of the currently selected file. This button is only available if a connection to a server is open, and a file on the server is selected.

Permisos

This option displays the permissions dialog which allows you to set permissions on the selected file(s).

Show FTP Log

Enable this option to display the FTP Log on the lower portion of the screen. The log displays a listing of all commands sent to the remote server(s), and can be useful for debugging, trouble shooting, or simply to satisfy your curiosity about the FTP connection between your machine and the server(s) to which it is connected.

List View Options

These four options control how FTP Explorer displays the directory listing of files contained on the on the remote server. See the View Menu for more details on the available display options.

Large Icon View

Small Icon View

List View

Detail View

ASCII Transfer Mode

Like the ASCII option in the Tools Menu, if this option is selected, all transfers to or from the remote server will be made in ASCII format. This is necessary for ASCII text files on some servers, but cannot be used for the transfer of binary executables, or files other than those composed strictly of ASCII text. You can specify the file types that should always be transferred with ASCII mode in the File Types tab of the Options Dialog.

Binary Transfer Mode

The Binary option makes FTP Explorer treat all transfers to and from the remote server in a binary format, which is necessary for binary executables, or very generally, for files that are not composed strictly of ASCII text. This feature can be toggled from within the Tools Menu also. You can specify the file types that should always be transferred with ASCII mode in the File Types tab of the Options Dialog. By adding ASCII file types in this dialog, all other files can be transferred in Binary mode without problems.

The association between a fileref and an external file lasts only for the duration of the SAS session or until you change it or discontinue it with another FILENAME statement. You can change the fileref for a file as often as you want.

FTP specifies the access method that enables you to use file transfer protocol (FTP) to read or write to a file from any host machine that you can connect to on a network with an FTP server running.

Use FILENAME with FTP when you want to connect to the host machine, to log in to the FTP server, to make records in the specified file available for reading or writing, and then to disconnect from the host machine.

' external-file ' specifies the physical name of an external file that you want to read from or write to. The physical name is the name that is recognized by the operating environment.

Operating Environment Information: For details on specifying the physical names of external files, see the SAS documentation for your operating environment.

If you are not transferring a file but performing a task such as retrieving a directory listing, you do not need to specify a filename. Instead, put empty quotation marks in the statement. See Retrieving a Directory Listing.

You can associate a fileref with a single file or with an aggregate file storage location.

host-options specify host-specific details such as file attributes and processing attributes.

Operating Environment Information: For a list of valid specifications, see the SAS documentation for your operating environment.

CAUTION: Use the FILENAME statement only for transport files, not foreign files. В В

Here is an example of using the FILENAME statement with the FTP access method to specify file attributes and to transfer a transport file over the network to a target computer:

The FILENAME statement specifies the fileref TRANFILE, which specifies the external file TPORT. DAT for transfer over the network. FTP options specify values for the record attributes: record length, block size, and record format. Also, FTP options identify the location for the file transfer on the target computer and the user ID and password that permit access to the target computer. Finally, the file mode creation mask on the target computer and a binary transfer are specified. For information about the FTP access method in the FILENAME statement, see the FILENAME Statement, FTP Access Method in SAS Language Reference: Dictionary and the companion documentation that is appropriate to your operating environment.

Note: В В В Besides the FTP access method, you can also use the SOCKET, URL, or SMTP access method in the FILENAME statement. FTP directs the file to a hard disk, SOCKET directs the file to a TCP/IP port, URL directs the file to the Web, and SMTP directs the file to e-mail. For complete information about these access methods, see FILENAME Statement, SOCKET Access Method in SAS Language Reference: Dictionary ; FILENAME Statement, URL Access Method in SAS Language Reference: Dictionary ; or FILENAME Statement, SMTP Access Method in SAS Language Reference: Dictionary. В В

FTP is a user interface to the File Transfer Protocol. FTP copies files across a network connection between the source computer and a target computer. FTP runs from the initiating computer, which can be either the source computer or the target computer.

In order to transfer a file to a target computer across a network, a binary (or image) format transfer must be specified. This format guarantees a consistent file structure for any operating environment that runs SAS. You must use the FTP BINARY command to declare binary format. For typical FTP command syntax, see Example: Using FTP to Transfer Foreign Files and Transport Files .

Transferring a file in ASCII format places extra characters in the transport file on the target computer. Usually, these characters are line feeds, carriage returns, end-of-record markers, and other characters that some operating environments use to define file characteristics.

Target computers that run SAS expect a transport file to be formatted in a certain structure, without these characters. The introduction of these characters into a file causes corruption, which prevents the file from being successfully restored at the target computer. Error messages usually warn of file corruption. For details about file corruption and recovery actions, see Preventing and Fixing Problems .

Note: В В В SAS 6.11 through SAS 9 support the FILENAME statement with the FTP access method, which specifies file attributes for file transfer. Releases before SAS 6.11 do not support the FILENAME statement with the FTP access method. В В

You transfer a foreign file in the same way that you transfer a transport file. The only difference between the two is the filename. SAS appends a transport filename with an appropriate member type extension, such as. DAT for a data set. A file that was created with CEDA features is appended with an appropriate SAS 9 or SAS 8 filename extension, such as. SAS9BDAT for a data set.

In these examples, TRANFILE specifies the name of the transport file that is transferred across the network. TARGET specifies the destination for the file in foreign format or the transport file on the target computer.

This example shows FTP commands that are used at the source computer to put a foreign file or a transport file on the target computer:

This example shows FTP commands that are used at the target computer to get a foreign file or a transport file from the source computer:

If you have access to a UNIX system, see the ftp (1) manual page for more details.

Note: В В В In order to copy a file with the FTP put command to a server location, you must have write permission to the target location on the server. Because a local user's permission to put a file at a server location is uncertain, it is recommended that the remote user use the FTP get command to obtain the file from the client instead. The local user must give read and write permission to the file that the remote user accesses. В В

This code shows an example of user JOE at the target computer getting two transport files from an OpenVMS source computer:

From an HP-UX operating environment, the user invokes FTP to connect to the OpenVMS operating environment MYHOST. MYCOMPANY. COM.

After a connection is established between the HP-UX source computer and the OpenVMS target computer, at the FTP prompt, the user JOE changes to the directory on the target computer that contains transport file XPTTEST.

Transport file attributes BINARY 80 indicate that the OpenVMS transport file be transferred to the source computer in BINARY format in 80-byte records.

The FTP command gets the transport file named XPTDS. DAT from the target computer and copies it to a new file that has the same name, XPTDS. DAT, in the current directory.

Messages indicate that the transfer was successful and that the length of the transport file was 1360 bytes.

The FTP command gets another transport file named XPTLIB. DAT from the target computer and copies it to a new file that has the same name, XPTLIB. DAT, in the current directory.

Messages indicate that the transfer was successful and that the length of the transport file was 3120 bytes.

The user quits the FTP session.

When transferring a transport file by means of tape, always use an unlabeled tape. Although using a standard labeled tape is possible, it usually requires extra work to read the file at the target computer.

Also, if the transport file exceeds the capacity of one tape, then problems might occur during the restoration process. Rather than using multi-volume tapes, you should divide the original library into two or more libraries and create a separate tape for each one. The original library can be rebuilt at the target computer.

At the source computer, use the LIBNAME statement to assign the transport file to a magnetic medium as shown in these examples:

libname tranfile xport `/dev/tape';

libname tran xport `a:\test';

Specification of the file path varies by operating environment.

The method used to move the transport file to a physical tape also varies by operating environment.

Here is a UNIX example:

At the source computer, the UNIX dd command copies the specified input file to the specified output device. Block size is 8000.

At the target computer, you must copy the transport file from tape to disk.

Here is a UNIX example:

At the target computer, you use the LIBNAME statement to translate the transport file to native format, assigning the resulting translated file to a specific file location.

Here is a UNIX example:

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FTP mini-HOWTO

This document was written by Matthew Borowski for the Linux Documentation Project. I have not yet finished adding everything I want to add. There will be a section with information on operating an FTP server.

Please contact me if you have any additions or changes for this document. Please do not ask for technical support -- you may purchase Unix consulting and support through my company, WorldServe . or you can ask for help on newsgroups such as comp. os. linux.* . Please also keep in mind that I can only understand English and Farsi.

This document is Copyright 1999 by Matthew Borowski. You may freely distribute this document as long as the copyright notice remains unaltered. If you distribute this HOWTO as part of a commercial product, I would like to recieve a copy, but this is not required. If you wish to distribute a modified or translated version of this document, please contact me first for permission.

991203: FTP HOWTO first written. Still a work-in-progress.

FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is a client/server protocol that allows a user to transfer files to and from a remote network site. It works with TCP and is most commonly used on the Internet, although it can also be used on a LAN.

An FTP site is a computer that is running FTP server software (also known an FTP daemon, or ftpd ). A public ftp site can usually be accessed by anybody by logging in as anonymous or ftp. There are many excellent public ftp sites that make repositories of free Unix software available. By learning how to use FTP, you give yourself access to an indespensible resource.

Private FTP sites require a user name or password. If you have a shell account with your ISP, you may be able to access your files via FTP (contact your system administrator to check on this).

An FTP client is the userland application that provides access to FTP servers. There are many FTP clients available. Some are graphical, and some are text-based.

FTP was first developed by the University of California, Berkeley for inclusion in 4.2BSD (Berkeley Unix). The RFC (Request for Comments) is available at ftp://nic. merit. edu/documents/rfc/rfc0959.txt.

A quick guide to using ftp.

The standard ftp program is the original ftp client. It comes standard with most Linux distributions. It first appeared in 4.2BSD, which was developed by the University of California, Berkeley.

It's easy to use ftp. Let's say you want to connect to the anonymous ftp site metalab. unc. edu, to download the latest Linux kernel source.

At the command line, type:

The ftp program will attempt to connect to metalab. unc. edu. Another way to do this is to run ftp from the command line with no parameters, and use the open command, with the site name as an argument:

When you connect to an FTP site, it will ask you for a login (pressing enter will log in as your local user name, in this case, foo. We log in as anonymous or ftp. to get to the public archive.

Now, we enter a complete e-mail address as the password (this is what most public FTP sites request).

After a successful login, the following information is given to us:

After you log in to an ftp site, ftp will print out the file transfer type. In our case, it is binary. Binary mode transfers the files, bit by bit, as they are on the FTP server. Ascii mode, however, will download the text directly. You can type ascii or binary to switch between the types.

You want to download the kernel source, so you leave the file transfer type at binary. The binary type is also what you would use for any non-text files -- such as graphic images, zip/gzip archives, executable programs, etc. If in doubt, use binary mode.

You do an ls to see a list of the files. The ls command on ftp servers is executed on the remote server, so the command line options that you can use with it vary from server to server. The most common options are generally available, check the manpage for ls for details.

If the ls command lists so many files that they scroll off the top of the screen, you can use Shift-PageUp to scroll up. This works in Linux console mode as well as in xterm or rxvt.

On public FTP archives, the downloadable resources are usually held in the /pub directory. In this example, you already know that the kernel sources are in the directory /pub/Linux/kernel. so you type the following to get into that directory:

The messages you see, which begin with "250", are information messages sent by the server. In this case, the ftp server is configured to automatically send you the README file when you cd into the directory.

Now, after doing another ls. you see that you want to cd into the v2.2 directory. You do yet another ls. and find the file you want to download. It is linux-2.2.13.tar. gz. So you type this:

The ftp program has started saving the remote file linux-2.2.13.tar. gz as the local file linux-2.2.13.tar. gz.

If you wanted to save it as the local file foo. tar. gz. you could have specified it like this:

If you want to download more than one file at a time, you'll have to use the mget (multiple get) command. You can use mget together with a space-delimited list of filenames you want to download, or you can use wildcards with the mget command. Por ejemplo:

Would get all files starting with the string "linux". Normally, mget will prompt you for each file before it downloads it. You can toggle this by using the prompt command.

Now let's say you've written a piece of software, and you want to upload it to MetaLab to be included in their Linux software archive. First, you'd change to the /incoming directory (most public FTP servers have a directory, usually called incoming or uploads, where files can be uploaded), then you'd use the put command:

The put command works the same way as the get command, so you can use mput to upload multiple files at the same time. You can also upload a local file with a different filename on the server by specifying the remote filename and/or pathname as an argument.

What if the file foo. tar. gz is not in your current local directory when you try to upload it? You can switch local directories by using the lcd (local change directory) command:

The ftp client supports using the bang (!) to run local commands. For example, to get a listing of files in your current local directory, do this:

The way this works is that ftp calls the shell (specified in the $SHELL environment variable), and it is the shell which runs ls. Thus, you can run any command-line which works with your shell simply by prepending "!" to it (the default shell in most Linux distributions is bash, the Bourne Again SHell). Please note that! cd does not work as you would expect, this is why the lcd command exists.

Wouldn't it be nice if you could watch the progress while you're downloading a file with ftp? You can use the hash command to print out hash marks as you download a file:

As you can tell, ftp will print a hash mark for every 1024 bytes of data you download.

There is also a tick option.

There are many other ftp commands. If you have the permissions to do so (which you should, if you are connected to your own private shell account), you can make a directory on the remote server using the mkdir command. You can remove a file on the remote server using the delete command, or rmdir to remove a directory. You can also change file permissions using the chmod command.

For more elaborate information on using ftp, please see the online help in the ftp program (accessible by typing help with no arguments for a list of commands, or help <commandname> for specific help on a command). You can also read the Unix man page for ftp by typing man ftp at your command prompt.

The original ftp program was the original ftp client, and it is a good investment to learn it. It's the only ftp client that you can be certain is available on most systems (even Win32 comes with the ftp command, albeit an archaic, braindead version of it).

There are many other console-mode (text-only) ftp clients available. The listing here is by no means comprehensive, but includes the most popular ones. Search at FreshMeat to find more.

NcFTP is the all-time favorite ftp client of many Unix users. It comes bundled with most Linux distributions, and offers many advanced features such as tab completion and bookmarks. Version 2 of NcFTP had a curses based full-screen mode. This was done away with in Version 3 (now in beta).

It's not 100% compatible with the commands that standard ftp uses. For example, get and put in NcFTP act like mget and mput do in standard ftp. So if you want to save a remote file as a different local filename, you'd have to do get - z remotename localname. Thankfully, NcFTP has a nice online help system to assist you in learning the commands.

You can get the latest version of NcFTP at http://www. ncftp. com.

A port of the NetBSD FTP client to other systems, lukemftp derives its name from the author of most of the enhanced features, which include: command-line editing, command-line fetches of FTP and HTTP URLs (including via proxies), context-sensitive word completion, dynamic progress bar, IPv6 support, modification time preservation, paging of local and remote files, passive mode support (with fallback to active mode), SOCKS support, TIS FWTK gate-ftp server support, and transfer rate throttling.

I highly recommend lukemftp to users who don't want to change to anything drastically different from the standard ftp client, but want more advanced features.

lftp is a sophisticated command line based FTP client. Like bash, it has job control. It uses the GNU readline library for input, so you have command line completion and editing. lftp also has bookmarks, mirroring support, and can transfer several files in parellel.

Comfortable FTP (cftp) is a full screen mode client. What it lacks in features, it makes up for in ease of use. You browse through the directories using the arrow keys and enter.

You should be able to get the latest version of cftp at http://ftp. giga. or. at/pub/nih/cftp/.

Yafc is a very nice ftp client, with features including directory cache, remote filename completion, aliases, colorized ls, recursive get/put/ls/rm, nohup mode transfers, tagging (queueing), multiple connections, proxy support and more. It has support for Kerberos4 authentication.

You can get the latest version of yafc from http://www. stacken. kth. se/

There are several graphical FTP clients designed to run on the X Window system. These clients offer ease of use for users who are used to graphical environments, and sometimes offer versatile options that would be hard to implement in a text-based ftp client.

gFTP is an FTP client for X Windows written using Gtk. The interface has some similarities to the popular WS_FTP software commonly used on a certain unstable operating system.

gFTP features simultaneous downloads, resuming of interrupted file transfers, file transfer queues, downloading of entire directories, ftp proxy support, remote directory caching, passive and non-passive file transfers, drag-n-drop support, a very nice connection manager and more.

If you are running Red Hat Linux and have the GNOME desktop installed, then you probably already have gFTP. If not, you can download gFTP from its homepage at http://gftp. seul. org/.

WXftp is an FTP client for the X Window System designed to be used mainly on Linux workstations. It is written using the WXWindows toolkit, so it can be compiled to use either Motif or GTK+

It includes an intuitive user interface (much like WS_FTP), a session manager, on-line help, a progress bar, and more

LLNL XFTP was one of the first graphical FTP clients for Linux. It supports FXP (file transfer between two remote hosts), and has a Motif based interface.

Guiftp is a simple ftp client written with the GTK+ toolkit. It's good if you don't need many features and want a simple, clean look.

A traditional FTP server is executed from inetd (the internet superserver daemon). The standard FTP port is port 21. When a user tries to log in, the FTP server uses a standard system call to check the user name and password against the entries in the system password file, or the NIS tables if you are using NIS. If the login is correct, the user is given access to the system.

Anonymous FTP works differently. The user logs in with either the anonymous or the ftp username (this can be defined in the config file). He is then given access to a directory tree that has been chroot()'ed. This ensures that the user can not gain access to directory trees he is not authorized for. The chrooted directory tree usually contains a mock filesystem, with bin/, etc/, and lib/ directories. The files for download are usually put in the pub/ directory.

The reason for a mock filesystem in an anonymous FTP tree is that the FTP daemon runs external commands for ls requests. You can also place additional programs in the bin directory, and a user can run them with the SITE command in his ftp client. For example, Red Hat's FTP includes the RPM command (for users to query RPM packages on the site).

Some FTP servers work differently. For example, some will allow user accounts to be set up independant of the system-wide password file (FTP-only accounts). Some servers (ProFTPD and NcFTPd for instance) have built-in ls commands and do not need a special directory tree within the chroot structure. Other ftp servers stray altogether from the standard ftp concept. FTP4ALL, for example, does not use system passwords at all. It uses it's own user and group file, and has features such as upload/download ratio and customizable server messages.

WU-FTPD

WU-FTPD is the ftp daemon included with many Linux distributions, including Red Hat and Caldera. You can learn more about WU-FTPD at http://www. wu-ftpd. org.

The WU-FTPD FAQ can be found on the web at http://www. cetis. hvu. nl/

ProFTPD

ProFTPD is a powerful FTP server that includes Apache-style configuration, extensive support for virtual hosts, and internal ls.

A complete command reference and downloads can be found at http://www. proftpd. org

The Linux Foundation

How do I use FTP from a command line?

Note: FTP is not an encrypted transmission, which means any data sent over it, including your username and password, could be read by anyone who may intercept your transmission. If you're wanting a more secure transmission, we suggest using SFTP .

Connect using FTP

To connect to another computer using FTP at the MS-DOS prompt, command line, or Linux shell type FTP and press Enter. Once in FTP, use the open command to connect to the FTP server, as shown in the example below.

In the above example, you'd substitute example. com for the domain name or IP address of where you are connecting. An example would be open 192.168.1.12 .

Note: By default, the open command uses the TCP port 21 to make the FTP connection. If a different TCP port is needed for connecting to the domain name or IP address you are using, enter the port number after the domain name or IP address in the open command.

Once connected, a username and password prompt will appear. Once these credentials have been entered, the server allows you to browse, send, or receive files, depending on your rights. Some servers may also allow anonymous logins using guest or an e-mail address.

Send and receive a file in FTP

To get files from the server onto your own computer, use the get command as shown in the example below. In this example, you would get the file myfile. htm .

Tip: If you want to get more than one file, use mget and wildcards. For example, if you wanted to get all files that end with. htm, you could type mget *.htm . Finally, if you do not want to be prompted as each file is being sent, make sure to type prompt to disable prompting.

To send a file from your computer to the computer you are connected to, assuming you have the rights, use the send command as shown in the example below. In this example, we are sending the myfile. htm to the current directory .

It is important to realize that the files being sent must be in your local working directory, which is the directory you were in when you typed the FTP command. If you want to change to the directory that contains your files, use the lcd command. For example, in Windows, you'd type lcd c:\windows to set the local directory to the Windows directory.

FTP Commands

Depending upon the version of FTP and the operating system being used, each of the below commands may or may not work. Typing - help or a. will list the commands available to you. Below is a general description of FTP commands available in the Windows command line FTP command.

FTP (File Transfer Protocol) Command Examples

The FTP (file transfer program) utility is used to transfer files between a local machine and remote network machine Using the File Transfer protocol. In simple terms it transfers / copies files between two computers. You can transfer files between unix systems and also non-unix systems like windows operating system using FTP.

The FTP command is simple to use and easy to learn. Let see useful examples of FTP command in detail.

FTP Command Examples :

If you are using windows operating system, open the command prompt and practice the below FTP commands. If you are using unix or linux operating systems, just simply type the ftp command on the terminal.

1. Connecting to Remote Host

First you need to connect to a remote host before doing any operations. You can use any one of the following methods to connect to a remote host. First method is

Once the ftp connects to the remote server name, it will prompt you to enter the user name and password. After successful login, your terminal or prompt changes to "ftp>".

Another method is to use the open option with ftp command. Esto se muestra a continuación:

If the ftp command fails to connect to the remote server, then you will get the below error:

2. Copy file from remote machine to local machine.

The get option is used to download or transfer a file from the remote system to the local system.

This will download the specified file (windows-cleveland. bat) from the remote systems current directory.

3. Copying multiple files from remote machine to local machine.

You can use the mget to transfer multiple files from the remote host to local host.

This will download all the png images to the local machine.

4. Transferring file from local server to remote server

The put option is used to copy the file from the local host to the remote host.

This command puts the rpm file into the remote machine.

5. Transferring multiple files to the remote server.

You can use the mput option to transfer more than one file from local system to the remote system.

6. Executing commands in remote machine.

After connecting to the remote network machine using the ftp, you can run commands like ls to list the files, cd to change directory and many more.

This will list the files and directories in the remote machines current directory.

7. Executing commands in local machine.

Once you have connected to the remote host, to run the commands on local machine you need to exit from the ftp connection. Instead of this, there is a way to run commands on local host without exiting from the ftp connection. Use the. symbol before the command you want to run.

Now this will list the files in the local machines current directory.

8. Changing the file transferring mode.

You can change the file transfer modes to ascii and binary modes. Use the below commands to change the mode.

9. Deleting files on remote machine

You can use the delete or mdelete to remove a single file or multiple files in the remote machine.

10. Disconnecting from ftp connection.

Use the quit command to close the ftp connection.

11. Using FTP command in batch scripts

The following script reads the instructions from the dat file and executes them on the remote machine.

The contents of the instructions. dat file is

12. Getting the help about ftp command.

To know more about the ftp command, just type the help on the prompt. It will display the options/commands that you can use with ftp command.

How to use UNIX File Transfer Protocol (FTP)

By Nicholas Seet

FTP enables files to be transferred from one machine on a network to another. FTP is useful as it allows you to store or retrieve files from any computer in the world. Many different FTP 'clients' or programs have been written, but the first and most commonly available is the text mode FTP which can always be found on Unix systems, or in 'DOS' under Windows'95 or NT.

Learn by Example

Just say someone tells you to 'Go and get the file list. txt from ftp. cdrom. com/pub/games/' or you may have found a file in 'archie' . the file searching program.

1. At your command prompt type:

FTP starts the program, and connects to the site ftp. cdrom. com

2. You will see something similar to:

Type: You will then see: Type in your email address. (You don't really have to type in the stuff after the @ symbol)

3. After the welcome message, you are now 'in' the site. We must now change our directory to the directory '/pub/games' .

Tipo:

cd stands for Change Directory. Now we are in the 'pub' directory.

Generally, you will find downloadable material in the 'pub' directory of most sites.

You must also make sure that you only use capitals when the directory has capitals in it, otherwise it won't work!

Type: to see a list of all the files there. You should see the 'games' directory in the list:

You can tell that it is a directory because there is a 'd' at the far left.

If 'dir' does not work, then you must type 'ls - aFl'.

4. Use 'cd' to change into the remaining directories:

5. Use 'dir' to find the file:

Type: to get a listing of all files which start with 'l' . You should see:

Because there is no 'd' at the far left, you know that it is a file, not a directory.

The 234868 is the file size, it is 234,868 bytes big (approx. 234Kb). It was last modified on the 30th June 1997.

6. To download, type:

This will make your download in 'binary' form.

This mode will always work for all files, whereas the default mode 'ascii' will only work for text files.

So always make sure you type 'bin' before you download or you will get garbage!

Type: and type 'y' when asked to confirm.

'list. txt' will now download, and will soon be on the computer you ran 'ftp' from.

Alternately, if you want to download multiple files, you could type: 'mget *' . this would download *all* files in the directory; 'mget l*' would download all files beginning with 'l' .

If you do not wish to confirm each download one by one, type 'prompt' to turn that off. If you wish to have a download indicator, type 'hash' .

To upload a file you must be in a directory you are allowed to upload into.

You would type 'put list. txt' if you wished to upload 'list. txt' or 'mput l*' to upload all files beginning with 'l' for example.

Make sure that you type 'bin' again before you upload anything.

7. Logging off. Type: to close the connection and quit FTP.

If you have any questions type either 'man ftp' (for unix) or 'help ftp' (for windows) at your command prompt;

. or email nik@ying. com

Learn by Syntax

Following are the basic commands that will allow you to successfully ftp. Click on them or scroll down for notes on usage.

Where the contents of [square brackets] are customizable and [filespec] means either a full file name (ie. 'list. txt' ) or a filename with wildcards ie. 'l*' means all files beginning with 'l' . and '*.txt' means all files ending with '.txt'

Connects to [sitename]

Login: ftp

Password: [emailaddress]

Changes to [directory]

Print working directory (tells you which directory you are in)

Lists details about the filespec

Alternate is 'ls - aFl'

Changes to binary mode

You must do this!

Turns off confirming uploads/downloads

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Información

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Server FTP

FTP Server Commands APPE and RESTART are not currently supported for the FTP to Tape facility.

For more information on these SITE parameters, read SITE.

Using FTP to Write to Magnetic Tape

Cataloging Data Sets

FTP attempts to catalog all data sets created on tape. If the data set name matches an existing name, the transfer will occur but the catalog will not be updated. This may create a problem if a retrieve is issued for the tape version. Therefore, it is recommended that all data sets—disk or tape—have unique names. Use the DELETE command to uncatalog tape data sets.

Cataloged tape data sets are assumed to exist on standard label tapes. Use the SITE command with LABEL and DSEQ parameters when retrieving a cataloged tape data set if the tape does not have standard labels. It is recommended that you use standard label tapes whenever possible.

Writing Multiple Data Sets to Tape

Users who want to write several data sets to tape in one FTP session should be aware that each file to be transferred will generate a mount request, but it may be for a different tape unit. Dynamic allocation does not support RETAIN or UNIT AFFINITY. A workaround would be to arrange with Operations to hard mount a tape and then reference the unit in the SITE command.

Submitting Mount Requests

The mount request is issued by Cisco IOS for S/390, even if running client FTP in batch. This means that Operations should not terminate the mount request by cancelling the job requesting the mount. A WTOR message, ACC511A, is issued along with the mount request. A reply of NO to this message cancels the request.

Preventing Timeouts on Data Transfers

FTP will timeout a data transfer request if the remote does not complete the data connection in a certain time. If the remote is another MVS system using tapes (or recalling a data set) it will require a tape mount on the remote system before it can complete the data connection. For this reason, FTP will use the longer of MOUNT or HSM times, or 30 minutes if neither tape support nor HSM support is configured.

Using Tape Data Sets on Remote Hosts

The problem of a remote system using tape data sets should also be considered when configuring DATAIDLE time. If a remote is reading a multivolume. for example, it might have to stop the data transfer between volumes while the next tape is mounted. The DATAIDLE time could expire while this is happening.

Server FTP Commands

lists the Server FTP commands. The Cisco IOS for S/390 Server FTP program supports most of the FTP commands defined in the FTP specification, RFC 959, File Transfer Protocol (FTP) . Server FTP commands are accepted by the local FTP server when submitted by a remote client. The January 16, 2008 FTP server will reply or respond to the FTP commands listed here:

Table 5-1 Server FTP Commands Supported by the Cisco IOS for S/390 Server

Commands Not Supported by the Cisco IOS for S/390 Server

The supported FTP commands are described in detail throughout the remainder of this chapter. The HELP command also provides information about the Server FTP. Read HELP for guidelines on using the HELP command.

ALLO

The ALLO command allocates a specified amount of disk space for a subsequent STOR or APPE command. When an ALLO command specifies an upper limit on the size of the file as stored in the MVS file system, a STOR that starts successfully is guaranteed not to fail because of disk space.

Syntax Description

ALLO R logical_record_length

Specifies expiration date and retention period.

EXPDT ( expiration_date )—Specifies an expiration date for a new data set, in the format: expiration_date = yyyyddd or yyyy/ddd

Note yyyy is a year from 1900 to 2155, ddd is a julian date from 1 to 366. You must include any leading zeroes in the ddd value.

RETPD ( retention_period )—Specifies a retention period for a new data set retention_period is a number of days between 1 and 9999.

Note EXPDT and RETPD are mutually exclusive.

FILETYPE(SEQ | JES | VTOC)

Specifies the type of file the FTP server is working with:

SEQ — Sequential files. This command is the same as issuing a SITE NOSUBMIT command.

JES — JES spool. Data is written to the JES internal reader. FILETYPE=JES is the same as issuing a SITE SUBMIT command.

VTOC — DASD VTOC records. Directory commands list statistics from the Volume Table of Contents for DASD volumes.

Note You cannot do a GET of spool files or display the JES spool queue with the DIR command.

Specifies whether RDWs (Record Descriptor Words) will be sent as data for RECFM = VB and RECFM=VBS files. If RDW is selected, the RDW will be sent for binary, ASCII. or EBCDIC transfers.

Note RDW will not be translated for ASCII file transfers. This parameter is ignored for data sets with carriage control ( RECFM=VBA or RECFM=VBM ).

RECALL ( integer ) | NORECALL

RECALL — Enables Hierarchical Storage Manager (HSM) recall ability for this file transfer. The integer value specifies the maximum wait time in minutes for HSM to complete the recall of the migrated file. If the time expires, the request is aborted. RECALL without an integer value specified enables HSM with the default system wait time.

NORECALL — Disables HSM recall ability for this file transfer.

Usage Guidelines

SITE command keywords are evaluated in left to right order. Successive SITE commands are cumulative. A later SITE command can add to or change attributes established by an earlier SITE command.

SITE command parameters can be entered in either PL/I or BAL formats. The examples for FTP3 are shown in PL/I format. Any SITE parameter that takes a keyword can be entered in either format.

If NOPERSIST is used, all SITE parameters are reset after each data transfer. If PERSIST is used, all SITE parameters remain in effect until explicitly changed via subsequent SITE commands, or reset with SITE RESET .

When a sub-parameter takes a list and more than one value is contained in the list, the list of values must be enclosed in parenthesis. Even if you choose to enter the command in BAL format, you must use parentheses around the list.

The SITE command verb is followed by a list of keyword parameters. Each keyword may normally be abbreviated to the minimum-length unambiguous string, as in TSO. (In the preceding list, the minimum abbreviation for each parameter is shown in upper-case.)

SITE parameters must be separated by a comma or a blank.

A single FTP command is limited to 80 characters. In the (unlikely) event that a SITE command exceeds 80 characters, it can be broken into two or more successive SITE commands.

If an error is found in parsing a SITE parameter, an error message is issued indicating the bad parameter, and the FTP server continues with the next parameter.

Ejemplos

The following example illustrates the BAL format:

The following example illustrates the PL/I format:

SITE ATtr ( gat_name )

The following example illustrates the obligatory use of parentheses when the command is entered in BAL format:

STAT

The STAT command provides partial or complete status of the Server FTP.

Usage Guidelines

The commands STAT or STAT ? mean STAT. FAPT .

The command STAT ? item_numbers gives only the specified item of the full STAT display. This is useful in debugging since the full display can be lengthy.

The command STAT path_name (where path_name is a valid MVS data set prefix specified in the form myuid. ) gives catalog information on a specific group of data sets. STAT path_name gives the same information as LIST but sends it over the Telnet control connection instead of a data transfer connection.

The command STAT * gives the catalog list for the default (logged-in) directory.

Ejemplo

Data Set Attributes

This section describes the attributes of data sets that can be retrieved (read) or stored (written) by the Server FTP.

Units and Volumes

The Server FTP can write and retrieve only disk data sets stored on permanent-resident disk volumes.

Data Set Names

The Server FTP rules for naming and accessing data sets described here are the same as those for TSO.

User disk data sets generally have names of the form:

Syntax Description

That portion of the data set name that is the defined default prefix of the installation.

Data set name indexes, made up of 1 to 8 alphanumeric characters, the first of which is alphabetic.

Note The total length of the data set name, including the periods between indexes, cannot exceed 44 characters.

Data set naming conventions can vary between MVS sites. Consult personnel at your site to learn naming conventions.

When the data set name is enclosed in single quotes, it is a fully qualified data set name. When the data set name is not enclosed in quotes, it is partially qualified. Under this Server FTP (and TSO), you normally specify data set names in a partially qualified fashion, allowing the system to prefix the installation's default prefix to the data set name.

Server FTP uses one of the three possible default prefixes:

If User ID is defined at your installation, then server FTP uses the User ID provided by the USER FTP command as the defprfx for prefixing. If no prefixing is defined, the data set is fully qualified and quotes are not required. If character string is defined, the installation selected a common qualifier for all data sets. Individuals can select their own data set prefix with the Change Working Directory ( CWD ) or Change to Parent Directory ( CDUP ) FTP commands.

Ejemplo

These are some examples of how to set your prefix. The first method shows the cd and cdup User commands; the second shows sending the cwd and cdup commands to the server using quote .

The Server FTP supports both simple sequential and partitioned data sets. A PDS contains an internal directory to a set of sub-data sets called members. All members of a PDS share the same data set name ( dsname ) and attributes. The fully qualified name of a PDS member is:

The member_name field has the same syntax as name1 through namen .

The Server FTP also supports Generation Data Group (GDG) data sets. A GDG data set has a similar format to a PDS but the member name takes the form 0, + n . or - n . where n is the relative generation number.

FTP Path Name Syntax

The data transfer commands STOR . APPE . RETR . DELE . RNFR . and RNTO have path_name as a parameter. With this Server FTP, path_name specifies a data set or PDS member in one of these forms:

The first three forms are partially qualified data set names. An installation defined default prefix is prefixed to names in these forms. Typically, you use one of these forms to refer to your own data sets. The last three forms are fully qualified and are used as is by the FTP Server. The second and fourth forms are used for PDS libraries and the third and sixth forms are used for GDGs.

In addition, a member_name can be entered alone when the current directory is a partitioned data set. Read VTOC and Catalog.

Note The length of the 1- to 8- character member name or the GDG number and the enclosing parentheses are not included in the 44-character limit.

Using Wildcard Characters in FTP

The server commands STAT . LIST . and NLST accept a data set or member name mask as a parameter. The output from the command lists all data sets or members that match the mask criteria.

These are the rules for masking:

• An asterisk (*) represents zero or more consecutive characters

• A percent sign (%) represents a single character

Note If a member name or member name mask is included, the data set name must not include a mask.

Ejemplo

VTOC and Catalog

Under MVS, each disk volume contains a file directory of the data sets on that volume called the volume table of contents (VTOC). Hence, any disk data set can be located via the logical path name: volume, dsname . The Server FTP lets you specify the volume name in the SITE command. Read SITE for details.

MVS has a central file directory, called the catalog, that provides the volume name as a function of the dsname . TSO generally requires that all user data sets except scratch files be cataloged (in other words, listed in a system catalog). A cataloged data set name is unique on the system while an uncataloged data set name need be unique only on the disk volume where it resides. You need to give only the dsname (and member_name for a PDS), not the volume, to locate an existing cataloged data set.

This Server FTP generally does not change the catalog status of a data set operated on by a STOR . APPE . RETR . or rename operation. A data set created by an FTP STOR . APPE . or RNTO operation is cataloged. If the dsname conflicts with an existing cataloged data set, the operation is refused in the case of RNTO .

When the Server FTP performs an APPE or RETR operation on an existing uncataloged data set (using SITE VOLUME ), it tries to catalog it. If the attempt fails because another data set with the same name is being cataloged or because the dsname has the wrong tree structure, a warning message is sent but the operation proceeds.

MVS Space Allocation

MVS allocates disk space to a data set in variable-sized pieces called extents. Each extent is a contiguous set of disk tracks. The byte capacity of a disk track depends on the disk model. For example, A 3380 holds a maximum of 47476 bytes per track. A data set used by the Server FTP is limited to a maximum of 16 extents. Therefore, if the disk space is fragmented, you might run out of extents before running out of total space. In such a situation, choice of appropriate space parameters is important.

Space allocation may have two parameters to the operating system: a primary space quantity, and a secondary space quantity. When an FTP STOR operation is requested, FTP first tries to allocate the primary quantity. If it succeeds, data transfer starts. Each time that space is exhausted during the STOR (or APPE ) operation, FTP tries to allocate the secondary quantity. The STOR (or APPE ) fails at that point if it cannot satisfy the request. Each allocation, whether primary or secondary, takes place as follows:

• MVS tries to find a contiguous area (extent) to satisfy the request using the best-fit algorithm

• If no single area is large enough, it uses the fewest extents possible (up to five) to satisfy the request

This allocation process continues until the total space or the extent limit is exhausted.

The default space parameters for FTP STOR are (primary, secondary) = (5,3) tracks. The maximum space that can be allocated with these parameters depends on the degree of fragmentation of the volume (assuming that enough total space exists). It ranges from 50 tracks down to 14 tracks (if the largest contiguous area is only 1 track and extents are exhausted first).

These methods obtain more space or a larger file:

• Send an ALLO command before the STOR .

The parameter to ALLO is a file size in (network) bytes. The Server FTP converts that value to disk tracks and uses 1.2 times that value as the initial space allocation. Therefore, if the data transfer starts, you know the initial space allocation was successful and you cannot run out of space specified by the ALLO . The 1.2 factor is intended to take care of inter-record gaps. The secondary space quantity is 0.2 times the ALLO value.

• Specify explicit SPACE parameter on the SITE command.

The disk space allocation ( ALLO ) is in terms of the data stored on disk, including padding. A text file normally is padded to 80 byte records, so each line is 80 bytes on disk. The primary and secondary space quantities are recorded in the data set label ( DSCB ) by the operating system. A subsequent APPE uses the secondary quantity determined when the data set was created unless you override it with a new ALLO or SITE SPACE before the APPE .

Multivolume Data Sets

If a data set might require more space than is available on a single volume, you can specify that it may reside on multiple volumes using the SITE VOLUME . VCNT . or UCNT parameters. Enough space must exist on the first volume for the primary extent. When the space on the first volume is exhausted, extents will be allocated on the next volume. Up to 16 extents can be allocated on each volume.

FTP will use the greatest of the following numbers to determine how many devices and volumes to allocate to a data set:

• Unit-count specified in the SITE UCNT parameter

• Volume-count specified in the SITE VCNT parameter

• Number of serial numbers specified in the SITE VOLUME parameter

Data Set Organization

FTP supports sequential ( DSORG=PS ) and partitioned ( DSORG=PO ) data sets. Direct access ( DSORG=DA ) data sets can be read sequentially but cannot be written by the Server FTP. ISAM and VSAM data sets are not supported.

Disk Format (DCB) Attributes

A data set under MVS has the DCB attributes listed in ; the first column shows the SITE command keyword parameter(s) to set the corresponding DCB attribute:

Table 5-6 Disk Format Attributes

When an existing data set is retrieved, the Server FTP determines the attributes from MVS and uses them to read the disk data set correctly. However, when writing to a data set, either through a STOR or APPE operation, you may need to be concerned about setting the correct attributes. Whether Server FTP assigns attributes for an existing data set depends on whether the data set is partitioned (PDS) or sequential.

Sequential Data Sets

A STOR or an APPE to a non-existent data set creates a new data set. The Server FTP assigns the attributes of the new data set. Additionally, the STOR operation assigns new attributes to an existing data set.

New attributes are set from default attributes chosen by the Server FTP based on the TYPE and STRU transfer parameters (read Default Data Set Attributes ), or from explicit overrides of these defaults by SITE parameters.

Partitioned Data Sets

A STOR of a member into an existing PDS adds information to the data set (similar to an APPE ). The attributes of the data set do not change. Any attributes set by the SITE command must match those of the existing PDS, or the Server FTP responds with this message:

An APPE of a new PDS member is identical to a STOR . However, you cannot APPE into an existing member because the file system replaces the member. If you attempt to APPE into an existing member name, Server FTP responds with this message:

If a new PDS is being created, either by STOR or APPE . new data set attributes are assigned by the rules in Sequential Data Sets.

Default Data Set Attributes

The Server FTP chooses default data set attributes for STRU based on the TYPE and chooses STRU transfer parameters as shown in .

Table 5-7 Default Data Set Attributes

Generic Attribute Names

Note Actual values for half and full track blocking depend on the output disk device type. These generic types create PDS libraries suitable for object modules and load modules.

Each generic attribute name includes values for RECFM, LRECL, and BLKSIZE, and optionally, UNIT, VOLUME, or SPACE, but the attributes set by a generic attribute name can be overridden by other generic or specific attribute keywords. When overriding SITE command keywords, the keywords are interpreted in left-to-right order.

In addition, other generic attribute names can be defined by your site. These names can stand for other combinations of RECFM, LRECL, BLKSIZE, UNIT, VOLUME, and SPACE. User-defined names must specify RECFM, LRECL, and BLKSIZE. They can optionally specify UNIT, VOLUME, or SPACE parameters.

The generic types SOURCE, CARDS, FORTRAN, OBJECT, LOADLIB, and PRINT can also carry UNIT, VOLUME, and SPACE parameters as defined by your site. They can be referenced by the SITE keywords SOURCE, CARDS, FORTRAN, OBJECT, LOADLIB, and PRINT. Other generic types may also have been defined by your site. They can be referenced by the SITE keyword ATTR (type).

In the preceding table, the block size is sometimes specified as rcmd, meaning a recommended value. This means the Server FTP chooses an actual default BLKSIZE that is optimum for the particular device on which the data set is allocated and less than or equal to a recommended size. The recommended size is a site-specific FTP parameter. If your site has not changed this parameter, the recommended size is 6K (6144) bytes. The choice of optimum BLKSIZE <=rcmd depends on RECFM, LRECL, and the disk device type.

Rules for Record Formats

These rules govern Server FTP support of the record format (RECFM) data set (DCB) attribute:

• The Server FTP writes into a disk data set using any of the record formats (RECFM) listed in .

Table 5-9 Record Formats

A 2 26-Transfer complete reply is sent only when the disk file being written has been closed successfully or when the data being retrieved and sent across your network has been fully acknowledged.

Truncating and Folding Records

The Server FTP generally folds rather than truncates a network record that exceeds LRECL (or BLKSIZE, for an unblocked data set). You can force truncation with an ALLO R command.

Raveled Files

A raveled file is a file that contains the network data concatenated into the file with no record markers. Such a file can be created and later retrieved with FTP without loss of information. However, it is not usually possible to process it with any IBM utility. The only transformation generally done on a raveled file is to translate between ASCII and EBCDIC for TYPE A.

Create or retrieve a raveled file with the FTP parameters STRU F and one of these:

• Character type (TYPE A or TYPE E) and unblocked logical records

• TYPE I or TYPE L

When a raveled file is stored by the Server FTP, it is folded into maximum-sized logical records.

Padding Fixed-Length Records

If the data set has a RECFM containing F (in other words, it has fixed-length logical records), and if it is not raveled, the Server FTP does these steps:

• Pads each record being written to the next LRECL.

• Removes trailing pad characters from each record read from disk.

The pad character is normally blank for character types and zero for binary types. However, the SITE command PAD option can set it to a different value. Although this is not strictly invertible, in most cases it saves transmission time and network bandwidth. The statistics at the end of a file transfer contain the number of records padded if this number is nonzero.

Translation

For the ASCII transfer (TYPE AN, TYPE AT, or TYPE AC), EBCDIC data in a disk file is translated to ASCII over the network and vice versa. The Server FTP always stores data on disk in EBCDIC.

Line Image Files

A line image file is defined by FTP parameters STRU F . one of the character types (TYPE AN, TYPE EN, TYPE AT, or TYPE ET), and a blocked disk data set (in other words, not raveled). With line image files, end-of-line (EOL) in the network data is mapped to MVS end-of-record and vice versa. Network end-of-line is normally NL (EBCDIC) or CRLF (ASCII). However, CRLF is also recognized in EBCDIC network data. Isolated CR or LF characters are not recognized as an EOL sequence.

Record Structured Files

For the FTP parameter STRU R . a network record is mapped into an MVS logical record and vice versa.

If ALLO R is specified, each network record that exceeds ALLO R is truncated.

With STRU R . a storage operation (in other words, STOR or APPE ) that creates a print file (TYPE AT, TYPE AC, TYPE ET, or TYPE EC) requires the data set to be blocked. If the data set is not blocked, the operation fails with the reply

Pestañas

Horizontal tab characters (HT) received from the network are expanded and/or deleted in accordance with the current SITE command TABS option setting. Default is a tab every eight columns; this can be overridden by the SITE TABS command.

A vertical tab (VT) character is always treated as data and stored in the file.

Carriage Control and Format Effectors

For character types with format

ple locally applied rules that do not require buffering data. These rules are invertible between storing and retrieving data with the same parameters.

Some obscure cases cannot be handled correctly in this way. In fact, to fully define the correspondence, you must compare the effects of the files on assumed printing mechanisms to achieve the same appearance. This requires that FTP define additional attributes (such as the size of a page and the effect of an overstrike).

The rules assume that at the beginning of a file, the ASA line printer is positioned on the first line. Therefore, the default carriage control character used to create the first line of an ASA print file is + (suppress space), with following lines normally using a blank (single space) before printing.

Character Type Rules

This section describes the transformation rules for creating and retrieving character-type (TYPE A or TYPE E) files.

In all cases, the network data can be ASCII or EBCDIC, but a disk data set is always EBCDIC. In addition, an HT character in a received file being stored (via STOR or APPE ) is always handled in accordance with the current TABS value.

File Structure with No Format Control

The STRU F command with TYPE AN or TYPE EN parameters define a file-structured (line-image) character file with no format control. Generally, with these parameters, network lines are mapped to and from logical records. The network data can be parsed into a series of lines, using the following syntax

Syntax Description

Usage Guidelines

Data storage with these parameters follows the same rules as storage of STRU F . TYPE AN or TYPE EN, with one exception. In the line image case, if the data set being stored into (via STOR or APPE ) has ASA carriage control (RECFM includes A), the CCC is not set to blank (as in the STRU F . TYPE AN or TYPE EN case) but is determined from the network data according to the table in Retrieving Line Image Files. Any format effectors not involved in this transformation are left in the data stream.

Retrieval of data using these parameters follows the same rules as retrieval of STRU F . TYPE AN or TYPE EN.

File Structure with ASA Format

The STRU F command with TYPE AC or TYPE EC parameters define a file-structured (line-image) print file containing ASA carriage control. Generally, with these parameters, a network line maps to/from a logical record. The network data consists of these parameters:

Syntax Description

These rules apply to files being stored (using STOR or APPE ) with these parameters:

• An ASCII file (TYPE A) is translated to EBCDIC.

• A null record is stored as all pad characters if the RECFM includes F, zero data bytes if the RECFM includes V, or x'00' if the RECFM is U.

• A network record longer than ALLO R (if specified) is truncated, and a warning message is issued.

• If a network record (after possible ALLO R truncation) is longer than LRECL, it is folded into subsequent logical record(s) and a warning message is issued.

• If the data set has fixed length logical records (RECFM includes F), each network record is padded with blanks (or the PAD character specified via the SITE command) to the next logical record boundary.

• If the data set has ASA carriage control (RECFM includes A), the CCC is normally blank, and any embedded ASCII format effectors are treated as data. However, if the TYPE is AT or ET, the escape sequences shown in Retrieving Logical Records (F and R) are scanned for and used to set CCC if found in the network data. No scanning for the escape sequences occurs with TYPE AN or TYPE EN.

The Server FTP writes a print file with Telnet format effectors (TYPE AT or TYPE ET) only into a blocked data set (RECFM includes B).

Retrieving Logical Records

These rules apply to files being retrieved (via RETR ) with these parameters:

• Each logical record (RECFM includes B) or each physical record (RECFM does not include B ) is mapped into a network record. If the data set is unblocked (raveled), the network data is a concatenation of the logical records. The other transformations described in the following steps still apply.

• If the data set has fixed length logical records (RECFM includes F), all trailing blanks (or the PAD character specified via the SITE command) are stripped off before data is sent on the network. This occurs even for unblocked data sets. A completely blank (or null) record is sent as a null record with the appropriate end of record sequences based on mode.

• If the type is ASCII (TYPE A), the data is translated from EBCDIC to ASCII.

• If the data set has ASA carriage control (RECFM includes A), an additional transformation is applied. shows the transformations that map the CCC in the disk data set into network data. A one-to-many relationship can occur between disk records and network records:

Note If the type is ASCII (TYPE AN or TYPE AT), the EBCDIC single quote ( ' ) escape character is translated to an ASCII backslash \ .

Record Structure with ASA Format

The STRU R command with TYPE AC or TYPE EC parameters define a record-structured print file containing ASA carriage control. Generally, with these parameters, network records map to/from logical records.

Syntax Description

A (possibly null) block of text.

An end-of-record sequence.

Storing Print Files

These rules apply to files being stored (via STOR or APPE ) with these parameters:

• An ASCII file (TYPE A) is translated to EBCDIC.

• A null record is stored as all pad characters if the RECFM includes F, zero data bytes if the RECFM includes V, or x'00' if the RECFM is U.

• A network record longer than ALLO R (if specified) is truncated, and a warning message is issued.

• If a network record (after possible ALLO R truncation) is longer than LRECL, it is folded into subsequent logical record(s) and a warning message is issued. If the file being written has ASA carriage control (RECFM includes A), each of the subsequent logical records is stored with a blank CCC.

• If the data set has fixed length logical records (RECFM includes F), each network record is padded with blanks (or the PAD character specified via the SITE command) to the next logical record boundary.

• If the data set has ASA carriage control (RECFM includes A), the ASA CCC from the network data (cc) is used as the CCC for the stored logical record. Otherwise, the first character of the network data is deleted and is not stored in the logical record.

The Server FTP writes such a print file only into a blocked data set (RECFM contains B).

Retrieving Print Files

These rules apply to files being retrieved (via RETR) with these parameters:

• Each logical record (RECFM includes B) or each physical record (RECFM does not include B) is mapped into a network record. If the data set is unblocked (raveled), the network data set is a concatenation of the logical records. The other transformations described in the following steps still apply.

• If the data set has fixed length logical records (RECFM includes F), all trailing blanks (or the PAD character specified via the SITE command) are stripped off before sending on the network. This occurs even for unblocked data sets. A completely blank (null) record is sent as a null record with the appropriate end of record sequences based on mode.

• If the type is ASCII (TYPE A), the data is translated from EBCDIC to ASCII.

• If the retrieved data set has ASA carriage control (RECFM includes A), the CCC from the logical record is passed as part of the network record. Otherwise, a blank CCC is inserted at the beginning of each network record, except for the first record, into which a + CCC is inserted.

Binary-Type Rules

This section describes the transformation rules for creating and retrieving binary-type (TYPE I or TYPE L) files. The term "image-type" is used interchangeably with "binary-type" in the information in this section.

No Record Structure

The STRU F command with TYPE I or TYPE L parameters define a binary file without record structure.

Storing Binary Files

These rules define the transformations to such a file when it is stored (via STOR or APPE ) by the Server FTP:

• The received network data is folded into maximum-length logical records when stored by the Server FTP.

• If a null (zero-length) network record is received, it is ignored.

• No translation, truncation, or padding is performed on the data.

Since the contents of an image-type file are considered to be untranslatable as characters, it is assumed not to be a print file. Therefore, the Server FTP does not write image-type data into a print data set (RECFM includes A).

Retrieving Binary Files

These rules define the transformations to such a file when it is retrieved (via RETR ) by the Server FTP:

• The retrieved logical records are concatenated into a single stream of network data.

• No translation, truncation, or removal of padding is performed on the retrieved data.

Since the contents of an image-type file are considered to be untranslatable as characters, it is assumed not to be a print file. Therefore, the Server FTP does not retrieve from a print data set (RECFM includes A).

Record Structure

The STRU R command with TYPE I or TYPE L parameters define a binary file with record structure.

Storing Structured Binary Files

These rules define the transformations to such a file when it is stored (via STOR or APPE ) by the Server FTP:

• If a network record with zero data bytes is received, it is stored as all pad characters if RECFM includes F, zero data bytes if RECFM includes V, and x'00' if RECFM is U.

• A network record longer than ALLO R (if specified) is truncated to ALLO R . and a warning message is issued.

• If a record (possibly truncated to ALLO R ) is longer than the maximum logical record length, it is folded into multiple logical records, and a warning message is issued.

• If the data set has fixed-length logical records (RECFM includes F), each network record is padded with zeros (or the PAD character specified via the SITE command) to the next logical record boundary.

• No translation is performed on the data.

Since the contents of an image-type file are considered to be untranslatable as characters, it is assumed not to be a print file. Therefore, the Server FTP does not write image-type data into a print data set (RECFM includes A).

Retrieving Structured Binary Files

These rules define the transformations performed on such a file when retrieved (via RETR ) by the Server FTP:

• The retrieved logical records are mapped into network records.

• If the data set has fixed length records (RECFM includes F), all trailing zero bytes (or the PAD character specified via the SITE command) are stripped off before sending on the network.

• No translation is performed on the retrieved data.

Since the contents of an image-type file are considered to be untranslatable as characters, it is assumed not to be a print file. Therefore, the Server FTP does not retrieve from a print data set (RECFM includes A) for transmission as image-type data

Non-Invertible Retrieval

Unless a file is raveled, storing it with the Server FTP might transform the data in ways that are not strictly invertible. (That is, if the file is later retrieved using the same parameters, it might not be identical to the original file sent to this Server FTP.) The file would generally mean the same thing, but some of its byte stream is changed.

Sources of Non-Invertibility

Here are some of the sources of non-invertibility introduced when a file is stored by this Server FTP:

If the data is stored into a data set with fixed-length blocks and if a record/line ends with the pad character the Server FTP uses to pad the block, that pad character is stripped off when the file is retrieved.

HTs might be expanded to blanks during storage and not be reintroduced when the file is retrieved.

LF and FF, which do not appear at the left margin, insert blanks to position the virtual print head correctly. On RETR, these blanks and the extra CRLF that were not in the original input are returned to the remote host.

NL is used interchangeably with CRLF in an EBCDIC file. Therefore, CRLF received in such a file is sent out as an NL.

LFs preceding an FF with no intervening data are removed.

Otras características

This section lists some other useful features of the FTP program.

Testing and Debugging

The STAT display includes the Internals section that contains a number of important control fields and pointers. This information is generally of interest only to the system programmer.

The TCP-level tracing and debugging facilities are described in the Cisco IOS for S/390 Customization Guide .

Telnet Break

The Telnet commands IP . BRK . or CONTROL-C on the control connection stops output from commands such as HELP and STATUS .

Synopsis

ncftpput [ options ] remote-host remote-directory local-files.

ncftpput [ options ] bookmark-name remote-directory local-files.

ncftpput - f login. cfg [ options ] remote-directory local-files.

ncftpput - c remote-host remote-path-name < stdin

ncftpput - C remote-host local-path-name remote-path-name

Opciones

Command line flags: - u XX Use username XX instead of anonymous. - p XX Use password XX with the username. - P XX Use port number XX instead of the default FTP service port (21). - j XX Use account XX in supplement to the username and password (deprecated). - d XX Use the file XX for debug logging. - a Use ASCII transfer type instead of binary. - m Attempt to make the remote destination directory before copying. - t XX Timeout after XX seconds. - U XX Use value XX for the umask. - v / - V Do (do not) use progress meters. The default is to use progress meters if the output stream is a TTY. - f XX Read the file XX for host, user, and password information. - c Read locally from standard input and write remotely to specified pathname. - C Similar to - c . except a local pathname is specified rather than reading from standard input. - A Append to remote files, instead of overwriting them. - T XX Upload into temporary files prefixed by XX . - S XX Upload into temporary files suffixed by XX . - R Recursive mode; copy whole directory trees. - r XX Redial a maximum of XX times until connected to the remote FTP server. - z / - Z Do (do not) try to resume transfers. The default is to not try to resume (-Z). - E Use regular (PORT) data connections. - F Use passive (PASV) data connections. The default is to use passive, but to fallback to regular if the passive connection fails or times out. - DD Delete local file after successfully uploading it. - y Try using "SITE UTIME" to preserve timestamps on remote host. Not many remote FTP servers support this, so it may not work. - b Run in background (by submitting a job to ncftpbatch ). - bb Similar to - b option, but only submits the batch job. You will need to run ncftpbatch for the batch job to be processed. This is useful if you already have a ncftpbatch process running, or wish to have better control of when batch jobs are processed.

For example, if you wanted to do background processing of three files all on the same remote server, it is more polite to use just one ncftpbatch process to process the three jobs sequentially, rather than having three ncftpbatch processes open three simultaneous FTP sessions to the same server. - B XX Try setting the TCP/IP socket buffer size to XX bytes. - W XX Send raw FTP command XX after logging in. - X XX Send raw FTP command XX after each file transferred. - Y XX Send raw FTP command XX before logging out.

The - W . - X . and - Y options are useful for advanced users who need to tweak behavior on some servers. For example, users accessing mainframes might need to send some special SITE commands to set blocksize and record format information.

For these options, you can use them multiple times each if you need to send multiple commands. For the - X option, you can use the cookie %s to expand into the name of the file that was transferred. - o XX Set advanced option XX .

This option is used primarily for debugging. It sets the value of an internal variable to an integer value. An example usage would be: - o useFEAT=0,useCLNT=1 which in this case, disables use of the FEAT command and enables use of the CLNT command. The available variables include: usePASV . useSIZE . useMDTM . useREST . useNLST_a . useNLST_d . useFEAT . useMLSD . useMLST . useCLNT . useHELP_SITE . useSITE_UTIME . STATfileParamWorks . NLSTfileParamWorks . require20 . allowProxyForPORT . doNotGetStartCWD .

Descripción

The purpose of ncftpput is to do file transfers from the command-line without entering an interactive shell. This lets you write shell scripts or other unattended processes that can do FTP. It is also useful for advanced users who want to send files from the shell command line without entering an interactive FTP program such as ncftp .

By default the program tries to open the remote host and login anonymously, but you can specify a username and password information. The - u option is used to specify the username to login as, and the - p option is used to specify the password. If you are running the program from the shell, you may omit the - p option and the program will prompt you for the password.

Using the - u and - p options are not recommended, because your account information is exposed to anyone who can see your shell script or your process information. For example, someone using the ps program could see your password while the program runs.

You may use the - f option instead to specify a file with the account information. However, this is still not secure because anyone who has read access to the information file can see the account information. Nevertheless, if you choose to use the - f option the file should look something like this: Don't forget to change the permissions on this file so no one else can read them.

The - d option is very useful when you are trying to diagnose why a file transfer is failing. It prints out the entire FTP conversation to the file you specify, so you can get an idea of what went wrong. If you specify the special name stdout as the name of the debugging output file, the output will instead print to the screen.

Using ASCII mode is helpful when the text format of your host differs from that of the remote host. For example, if you are sending a text file from a UNIX system to a Windows-based host, you could use the - a flag which would use ASCII transfer mode so that the file created on the Windows machine would be in its native text format instead of the UNIX text format.

You can upload an entire directory tree of files by using the - R flag. Example: This would create a /incoming/stuff hierarchy on the remote host.

The - T and - S options are useful when you want to upload file to the remote host, but you don't want to use the destination pathname until the file is complete. Using these options, you will not destroy a remote file by the same name until your file is finished. These options are also useful when a remote process on the remote host polls a specific filename, and you don't want that process to see that file until you know the file is finished sending. Here is an example that uploads to the file /pub/incoming/README, using the filename /pub/incoming/README. tmp as a temporary filename:

A neat way to pipe the output from any local command into a remote file is to use the - c option, which denotes that you're using stdin as input. The following example shows how to make a backup and store it on a remote machine:

Diagnostics

ncftpput returns the following exit values:

Éxito.

Could not connect to remote host.

Could not connect to remote host - timed out.

Transfer failed.

Transfer failed - timed out.

Directory change failed.

Directory change failed - timed out.

Malformed URL.

Usage error.

Error in login configuration file.

Library initialization failed.

Session initialization failed.

Autor

See Also

Active FTP vs. Passive FTP, a Definitive Explanation

Contents:

One of the most commonly seen questions when dealing with firewalls and other Internet connectivity issues is the difference between active and passive FTP and how best to support either or both of them. Hopefully the following text will help to clear up some of the confusion over how to support FTP in a firewalled environment.

This may not be the definitive explanation, as the title claims, however, I've heard enough good feedback and seen this document linked in enough places to know that quite a few people have found it to be useful. I am always looking for ways to improve things though, and if you find something that is not quite clear or needs more explanation, please let me know! Recent additions to this document include the examples of both active and passive command line FTP sessions. These session examples should help make things a bit clearer. They also provide a nice picture into what goes on behind the scenes during an FTP session. Now, on to the information.

FTP is a TCP based service exclusively. There is no UDP component to FTP. FTP is an unusual service in that it utilizes two ports, a 'data' port and a 'command' port (also known as the control port). Traditionally these are port 21 for the command port and port 20 for the data port. The confusion begins however, when we find that depending on the mode, the data port is not always on port 20.

In active mode FTP the client connects from a random unprivileged port (N > 1023) to the FTP server's command port, port 21. Then, the client starts listening to port N+1 and sends the FTP command PORT N+1 to the FTP server. The server will then connect back to the client's specified data port from its local data port, which is port 20.

From the server-side firewall's standpoint, to support active mode FTP the following communication channels need to be opened:

FTP server's port 21 from anywhere (Client initiates connection)

FTP server's port 21 to ports > 1023 (Server responds to client's control port)

FTP server's port 20 to ports > 1023 (Server initiates data connection to client's data port)

FTP server's port 20 from ports > 1023 (Client sends ACKs to server's data port)

When drawn out, the connection appears as follows: In" />PORT 1027. The server then sends an ACK back to the client's command port in step 2. In step 3 the server initiates a connection on its local data port to the data port the client specified earlier. Finally, the client sends an ACK back as shown in step 4.

The main problem with active mode FTP actually falls on the client side. The FTP client doesn't make the actual connection to the data port of the server--it simply tells the server what port it is listening on and the server connects back to the specified port on the client. From the client side firewall this appears to be an outside system initiating a connection to an internal client--something that is usually blocked.

Below is an actual example of an active FTP session. The only things that have been changed are the server names, IP addresses, and user names. In this example an FTP session is initiated from testbox1.slacksite. com (192.168.150.80), a linux box running the standard FTP command line client, to testbox2.slacksite. com (192.168.150.90), a linux box running ProFTPd 1.2.2RC2. The debugging ( - d ) flag is used with the FTP client to show what is going on behind the scenes. Everything in red is the debugging output which shows the actual FTP commands being sent to the server and the responses generated from those commands. Normal server output is shown in black, and user input is in bold .

There are a few interesting things to consider about this dialog. Notice that when the PORT command is issued, it specifies a port on the client (192.168.150.80) system, rather than the server. We will see the opposite behavior when we use passive FTP. While we are on the subject, a quick note about the format of the PORT command. As you can see in the example below it is formatted as a series of six numbers separated by commas. The first four octets are the IP address while the last two octets comprise the port that will be used for the data connection. To find the actual port multiply the fifth octet by 256 and then add the sixth octet to the total. Thus in the example below the port number is ( (14*256) + 178), or 3762. A quick check with netstat should confirm this information.

In order to resolve the issue of the server initiating the connection to the client a different method for FTP connections was developed. This was known as passive mode, or PASV. after the command used by the client to tell the server it is in passive mode.

In passive mode FTP the client initiates both connections to the server, solving the problem of firewalls filtering the incoming data port connection to the client from the server. When opening an FTP connection, the client opens two random unprivileged ports locally (N > 1023 and N+1). The first port contacts the server on port 21, but instead of then issuing a PORT command and allowing the server to connect back to its data port, the client will issue the PASV command. The result of this is that the server then opens a random unprivileged port (P > 1023) and sends P back to the client in response to the PASV command. The client then initiates the connection from port N+1 to port P on the server to transfer data.

From the server-side firewall's standpoint, to support passive mode FTP the following communication channels need to be opened:

FTP server's port 21 from anywhere (Client initiates connection)

FTP server's port 21 to ports > 1023 (Server responds to client's control port)

FTP server's ports > 1023 from anywhere (Client initiates data connection to random port specified by server)

FTP server's ports > 1023 to remote ports > 1023 (Server sends ACKs (and data) to client's data port)

When drawn, a passive mode FTP connection looks like this: In" />PASV command. The server then replies in step 2 with PORT 2024. telling the client which port it is listening to for the data connection. In step 3 the client then initiates the data connection from its data port to the specified server data port. Finally, the server sends back an ACK in step 4 to the client's data port.

While passive mode FTP solves many of the problems from the client side, it opens up a whole range of problems on the server side. The biggest issue is the need to allow any remote connection to high numbered ports on the server. Fortunately, many FTP daemons, including the popular WU-FTPD allow the administrator to specify a range of ports which the FTP server will use. See Appendix 1 for more information.

The second issue involves supporting and troubleshooting clients which do (or do not) support passive mode. As an example, the command line FTP utility provided with Solaris does not support passive mode, necessitating a third-party FTP client, such as ncftp. NOTE: This is no longer the case--use the - p option with the Solaris FTP client to enable passive mode!

With the massive popularity of the World Wide Web, many people prefer to use their web browser as an FTP client. Most browsers only support passive mode when accessing ftp:// URLs. This can either be good or bad depending on what the servers and firewalls are configured to support.

Below is an actual example of a passive FTP session. The only things that have been changed are the server names, IP addresses, and user names. In this example an FTP session is initiated from testbox1.slacksite. com (192.168.150.80), a linux box running the standard FTP command line client, to testbox2.slacksite. com (192.168.150.90), a linux box running ProFTPd 1.2.2RC2. The debugging ( - d ) flag is used with the FTP client to show what is going on behind the scenes. Everything in red is the debugging output which shows the actual FTP commands being sent to the server and the responses generated from those commands. Normal server output is shown in black, and user input is in bold .

Notice the difference in the PORT command in this example as opposed to the active FTP example. Here, we see a port being opened on the server (192.168.150.90) system, rather than the client. See the discussion about the format of the PORT command above, in the Active FTP Example section.

A reader, Maarten Sjouw, pointed out that active FTP will not function when used in conjunction with a client-side NAT (Network Address Translation) device which is not smart enough to alter the IP address info in FTP packets.

The following chart should help admins remember how each FTP mode works:

A quick summary of the pros and cons of active vs. passive FTP is also in order:

Active FTP is beneficial to the FTP server admin, but detrimental to the client side admin. The FTP server attempts to make connections to random high ports on the client, which would almost certainly be blocked by a firewall on the client side. Passive FTP is beneficial to the client, but detrimental to the FTP server admin. The client will make both connections to the server, but one of them will be to a random high port, which would almost certainly be blocked by a firewall on the server side.

Luckily, there is somewhat of a compromise. Since admins running FTP servers will need to make their servers accessible to the greatest number of clients, they will almost certainly need to support passive FTP. The exposure of high level ports on the server can be minimized by specifying a limited port range for the FTP server to use. Thus, everything except for this range of ports can be firewalled on the server side. While this doesn't eliminate all risk to the server, it decreases it tremendously. See Appendix 1 for more information.

An excellent reference on how various internet protocols work and the issues involved in firewalling them can be found in the O'Reilly and Associates book, Building Internet Firewalls, 2nd Ed . by Brent Chapman and Elizabeth Zwicky. Note 2012: This book is VERY old and the information contained therein may be outdated!

Finally, the definitive reference on FTP would be RFC 959, which sets forth the official specifications of the FTP protocol. RFCs can be downloaded from numerous locations, including http://www. faqs. org/rfcs/rfc959.html.

Introducción

VSFTPD stands for "Very Secure FTP Daemon" is a GPL licensed FTP server for UNIX systems. It is licensed under the GNU General Public License. It supports IPv6 and SSL. vsftpd supports explicit (since 2.0.0) and implicit (since 2.1.0) FTPS. vsftpd is the default FTP server in the Ubuntu, CentOS, Fedora, NimbleX, Slackware and RHEL Linux distributions. It is secure and extremely fast. It is stable. VSFTPD is a mature and trusted solution which supports virtual users with PAM (pluggable authentication modules). A virtual user is a user login which does not exist as a real login on the system in /etc/passwd and /etc/shadow file. Virtual users can therefore be more secure than real users, because a compromised account can only use the FTP server but cannot login to system to use other services such as SSH or SMTP.

In July 2011, it was discovered that VSFTPD version 2.3.4 downloadable from the master site had been compromised. Users logging into a compromised vsftpd-2.3.4 server may issue a ":)" smiley-face as the username and gain a command shell on port 6200. This was not an issue of a security hole in VSFTPD, instead, someone had uploaded a different version of VSFTPD which contained a backdoor. Since then, the site was moved to Google App Engine.

Caracteristicas

Despite being small for purposes of speed and security, many more complicated FTP setups are achievable with vsftpd! vsftpd can handle:

Virtual IP configurations

Virtual users

Standalone or inetd operation

Powerful per-user configurability

Bandwidth throttling

Per-source-IP configurability

Per-source-IP limits

IPv6

Encryption support through SSL integration.

Configuration Instructions and Basic Setup

Descargar

Or you can install via apt-get like sudo apt-get install vsftpd

Now you can configure it to either allow "local users" to be able to login via ftp, or "virtual users".

To disable anonymous login and to enable local users login and give them write permissions:

Code: # No anonymous login anonymous_enable=NO # Let local users login # If you connect from the internet with local users, you should enable TLS/SSL/FTPS local_enable=YES # Write permissions write_enable=YES

To chroot users

To jail / chroot users (not the VSFTPD service), there are three choices. Search for "chroot_local_users" on the file and consider one of the following: Code: # 1. All users are jailed by default: chroot_local_user=YES chroot_list_enable=NO

# 2. Just some users are jailed: chroot_local_user=NO chroot_list_enable=YES # Create the file /etc/vsftpd. chroot_list with a list of the jailed users.

# 3. Just some users are "free": chroot_local_user=YES chroot_list_enable=YES # Create the file /etc/vsftpd. chroot_list with a list of the "free" users.

To deny (or allow) just some users to login

To deny some users to login, add the following options in the end of the file: Code: userlist_deny=YES userlist_file=/etc/vsftpd. denied_users In the file /etc/vsftpd. denied_users add the username of the users that can't login. One username per line.

To allow just some users to login:

Code: userlist_deny=NO userlist_enable=YES userlist_file=/etc/vsftpd. allowed_users In the file /etc/vsftpd. allowed_users add the username of the users that can login.

The not allowed users will get an error that they can't login before they type their password.

TLS/SSL/FTPS

NOTE: you definitely should use this if you connect from the Internet to your box, otherwise passwords will be sent in plaintext, etc.

To use vsftpd with encryption (it's safer), change or add the following options (some options aren't on the original config file, so add them): Code: ssl_enable=YES allow_anon_ssl=NO force_local_data_ssl=YES force_local_logins_ssl=YES ssl_tlsv1=YES ssl_sslv2=NO ssl_sslv3=NO # Filezilla uses port 21 if you don't set any port # in Servertype "FTPES - FTP over explicit TLS/SSL" # Port 990 is the default used for FTPS protocol. # Uncomment it if you want/have to use port 990. # listen_port=990 No need to create a certificate if openssl package is installed!

Install Filezilla (on the client side), and use the Servertype "FTPES - FTP over explicit TLS/SSL" option to connect to your server with TLS/SSL/FTPS.

Additional Options

Here are some other available options. The values are examples: Code: # Show hidden files and the "." and ".." folders. # Useful to not write over hidden files: force_dot_files=YES

# Hide the info about the owner (user and group) of the files. hide_ids=YES

# Connection limit for each IP: max_per_ip=2

# Maximum number of clients: max_clients=20

Apply new configuration settings

Don't forget that to apply new configurations, you must restart the vsftpd service. Code: sudo /etc/init. d/vsftpd restart

Webmin Module

For those who use webadmin, there is a module for VSFTPD here http://www. webmin. com/third. html.

Set pasv_min_port and pasv_max_port in /etc/vsftpd. conf and allow outbound connections in the ports you set in your firewall.

Code: pasv_min_port=12000 pasv_max_port=12100

Virtual users with TLS/SSL/FTPS and a common upload directory - Complicated VSFTPD

Virtual users are users that do not exist on the system - they are not in /etc/passwd, do not have a home directory on the system, can not login but in vsftpd - or if they do exist, they can login in vsftpd with a non system password - security.

You can set different definitions to each virtual user, granting to each of these users different permissions. If TLS/SSL/FTPS and virtual users are enabled, the level of security of your vsftpd server is increased: encrypted passwords, with passwords that are not used on the system, and users that can't access directly to their home directory (if you want).

The following example is based and adapted on the example for virtual users in vsftpd site, on documentation and the very good examples in this forum that can be found here and here. Currently there is a restriction that with guest_enable enabled, local users also get mapped to guest_username. This is a polite way to say that if the default vsftpd PAM file is used, the system users will be guests too. To avoid confusions change the PAM file used by vsftpd to authenticate only virtual users, make all vsftpd users as virtual users and set their passwords, home and permissions based on this example.

The workshop

Create The Virtual Users Database

To create a "db4" format file to store usernames (another option here would be an apache htpasswd style file, not discussed), first create a plain text files with the usernames and password on alternating lines. Por ejemplo, create user called "vivek" with password called "vivekpass" and sayali with password "sayalipass":

# mkdir /etc/vsftpd # if necessary # cd /etc/vsftpd # sudo gedit vusers. txt

Sample output:

Next, create the actual database file like this (may require the db_util package to be installed first):

# db_load - T - t hash - f vusers. txt vsftpd-virtual-user. db # chmod 600 vsftpd-virtual-user. db # make it not global readable # rm vusers. txt

Configure VSFTPD for virtual user

Edit the vsftpd configuration file (/etc/vsftpd. conf). Add or correct the following configuration options, depending on if they're already listed somewhere in the file or not (or just add these all to the bottom):

anonymous_enable=NO local_enable=YES # Virtual users will use the same privileges as local users. # It will grant write access to virtual users. Virtual users will use the # same privileges as anonymous users, which tends to be more restrictive # (especially in terms of write access). virtual_use_local_privs=YES write_enable=YES

# Set the name of the PAM service vsftpd will use pam_service_name=vsftpd. virtual

# Activates virtual users guest_enable=YES

# Automatically generate a home directory for each virtual user, based on a template. # For example, if the home directory of the real user specified via guest_username is # /home/virtual/$USER, and user_sub_token is set to $USER, then when virtual user vivek # logs in, he will end up (usually chroot()'ed) in the directory /home/virtual/vivek. # This option also takes affect if local_root contains user_sub_token. user_sub_token=$USER

# Usually this is mapped to Apache virtual hosting docroot, so that # Users can upload files local_root=/home/vftp/$USER

# Chroot user and lock down to their home dirs chroot_local_user=YES

Save and close the file.

Create a PAM File Which Uses Your New Database

The following PAM is used to authenticate users using your new database. Create /etc/pam. d/vsftpd. virtual: # sudo gedit /etc/pam. d/vsftpd. virtual

Append (or create with) the following:

#%PAM-1.0 auth required pam_userdb. so db=/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd-virtual-user account required pam_userdb. so db=/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd-virtual-user session required pam_loginuid. so

Create The Location Of The Files

You need to set up the location of the files / dirs for the virtual users. Type the following command: # mkdir /home/vftp # mkdir - p /home/vftp/ # chown - R ftp:ftp /home/vftp

Restart The FTP Server

Type the following command: # service vsftpd restart

Test Your Setup

Open another shell session and type: $ ftp localhost

Sample success output:

Connected to ftp. nixcraft. net. in. Name (localhost:root): vivek 331 Please specify the password.[user now types in vivekpass] Password: 230 Login successful. Remote system type is UNIX. Using binary mode to transfer files. ftp>

Solución de problemas

By default files are created with permissions like - rw

(and owned by the ftp user if using virtual users). To change this to something less restrictive (it defaults to 077, the above) then set local_umask=022 (for - rw-r--r-- type permissions) in your vsftp. conf file and restart the service.

http://j. mp/YunkHV - vsftpd - Secure, fast FTP server for UNIX-like systems security. appspot. com Secure, fast FTP server for UNIX systems

http://j. mp/Yunor2 - vsftpd - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia: en. wikipedia. org vsftpd, which stands for "Very Secure FTPDaemon", is an FTP server for Unix-like systems, including Linux. It is licensed under the GNU General Public License. It supports IPv6 and SSL.

See Also

http://j. mp/WsBpj0 - Configuring vsftpd for secure connections (TLS/SSL/SFTP) - VPSLink Wiki http://wiki. vpslink. com/Configuring_vsft. This article pertains specifically to vsftpd on CentOS. Except for the installation instructions it should be adaptable to other distributions as well..

vsftpd (последним исправлял пользователь rogerpack2005 2017-06-11 10:46:38)

The material on this wiki is available under a free license, see Copyright / License for details You can contribute to this wiki, see Wiki Guide for details

DOS Batch - FTP Scripts

Embed FTP script into a batch script. Add this line at the beginning of the FTP script:

The "FTP - s:ftpscript. txt" option executes a FTP script wheres "%

f0" resolved to the name of the running batch file. "GOTO:EOF" ends the batch script and makes sure the FTP script doesn`t run as part of the batch. Good: You end up with only one file that contains the batch script and the FTP script combined. Minor flaw: The batch command in the first line causes an "Invalid command." error when executed in FTP context, however the FTP execution will continue.

caracteristicas:

Single file to distribute combining batch and FTP script

f0 "&GOTO:EOF open example. com username password . --- FTP commands below here --- lcd c:\MyLocalDirectory cd public_html/MyRemoteDirectory binary mput "*.*" disconnect bye

FTP - Download Only New Files - Ftp script to download only files that don`t exist in local folder, i. e. to avoid overwrite

This batch connects twice to the FTP server. First time it retrieves a list of files on the FTP server. This list is being trimmed to contain only files that don`t already exist locally. The files in the trimmed list are then downloaded during a second connection.

Note: Since all files are passed into the FTP`s MGET command there might be a limit to the number of files that can be processed at once.

REM -- Define File Filter, i. e. files with extension. txt Set FindStrArgs=/E /C:".txt"

REM -- Extract Ftp Script to create List of Files Set "FtpCommand=ls" Call:extractFileSection "[Ftp Script 1]" "-">"%temp%\ %

n0.ftp" Rem Notepad "%temp%\ %

REM -- Execute Ftp Script, collect File Names Set "FileList=" For /F "Delims=" %%A In ('"Ftp - v - i - s:"%temp%\ %

n0.ftp"|Findstr %FindStrArgs%"') Do ( Call Set "FileList= %%F ileList%% " %%A "" )

REM -- Extract Ftp Script to download files that don't exist in local folder Set "FtpCommand=mget" For %%A In (%FileList%) Do If Not Exist " %%

A " Call Set "FtpCommand= %%F tpCommand%% " %%

A "" Call:extractFileSection "[Ftp Script 1]" "-">"%temp%\ %

n0.ftp" Rem Notepad "%temp%\ %

For %%A In (%FtpCommand%) Do Echo. %%A

REM -- Execute Ftp Script, download files ftp - i - s:"%temp%\ %

n0.ftp" Del "%temp%\ %

n0.ftp" GOTO:EOF

:extractFileSection StartMark EndMark FileName -- extract a section of file that is defined by a start and end mark . -- [IN] StartMark - start mark, use '. S' mark to allow variable substitution . -- [IN, OPT] EndMark - optional end mark, default is first empty line . -- [IN, OPT] FileName - optional source file, default is THIS file :$created 20080219 :$changed 20100205 :$categories ReadFile :$source http://www. dostips. com SETLOCAL Disabledelayedexpansion set "bmk= %

1 " set "emk= %

2 " set "src= %

3 " set "bExtr=" set "bSubs=" if "%src%"=="" set src= %

f0 & rem if no source file then assume THIS file for /f "tokens=1,* delims=]" %%A in ('find /n /v "" "%src%"') do ( if /i " %%B "=="%emk%" set "bExtr="&set "bSubs=" if defined bExtr if defined bSubs (call echo. %%B ) ELSE (echo. %%B ) if /i " %%B "=="%bmk%" set "bExtr=Y" if /i " %%B "=="%bmk%:S" set "bExtr=Y"&set "bSubs=Y" ) EXIT /b

[Ftp Script 1]:S! Title Connecting. open example. com username password

Title Preparing. cd public_html/MyRemoteDirectory lcd c:\MyLocalDirectory binary hash

Title Processing. %FtpCommand% %FtpCommand%

Title Disconnecting. disconnect bye

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FTP Usage Guide

FTP Usage Guide

Introducción

FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is an industry-standard protocol and user interface for transferring files between computer systems by means of a series of interactive commands. FTP involves a local client (software you execute to send or receive files) and a remote server (software elsewhere that responds to instructions from your client to accept or deliver files).

FTP features include:

Use of standard TCP/IP network protocols to move files between machines.

Support for transfers to or from nonUNIX systems as well as among computers runing UNIX.

Use of IP host addresses as well as domain names to specify transfer targets.

Interactive login, usually with password, to begin transfers to or from each remote machine (at LC, some transfers are preauthenticated to omit the password).

LC users with special file-transfer needs (such as for batch-oriented command files, extensive tracking of each transfer, or persistent transfers if network problems arise) may prefer to use the NFT file-transfer tool to move files among LC machines. See EZOUTPUT for a comparison of FTP and NFT. Users whose primary interest in FTP is as an interface to LC's High Performance Storage System (archival file storage) may want to consult the EZSTORAGE for helpful comparisons and alternative interfaces (such as LSTORAGE, CHMODSTG, and CHGRPSTG). For an alternative file-transfer tool that also relies on FTP software daemons to move files (but that offers special services beyond the basic FTP interface and that transfers to or from storage), see the HSI manual and the HTAR Reference Manual. If you prefer to FTP using a graphical user interface, then run Hopper on any LC production machine and select FTP from Hopper's Connect menu.

This manual explains how to run FTP and shows a typical FTP session. Standard FTP commands and server replies and error codes are easily searched online and are therefore not in this guide. On many LC production machines, a parallel FTP client (PFTP) is now the default, and parallel transfers occur automatically when they are possible. Instructions for invoking a nondefault nonparallel FTP client are also included here, along with advice on using jumbo-frame gigabit Ethernet links. Users who need to transfer files (to FIS) with their data encrypted can try Secure FTP. a special FTP client with very limited server support.

For help, contact the LC Hotline at 925-422-4531 or via e-mail (OCF: lc-hotline@llnl. gov. SCF: lc-hotline@pop. llnl. gov).

Basic FTP Execution

To run FTP on any LC machine, type

where remotehost is either the IP address or the domain name of the computer with which you want to exchange files. The machine on which you run FTP is the "client" or "local" machine, and the machine whose address or name you specify on the execute line is the "server" or "remote" machine (for purposes of describing commands and file transfers below). If run with no remotehost, FTP prompts for input (and you will need to use its interactive open command to specify a target host).

You must log in to your local machine to run FTP, and you must also log in to the specified remote machine at the start of each FTP file-transfer session (when you are prompted for your remote user name and password, which might be different from the local ones). FTP expects file transfers to be done by a series of interactive commands, and it does not allow "third-party" transfers (between two remote machines). On LC production machines, Hopper serves as a graphical controller for FTP.

LC uses its hardware/software security firewall to block direct FTP connections from machines outside the llnl. gov domain to LC machines within llnl. gov. Offsite users must either log on to some llnl. gov production machine, execute FTP there, and then draw external files toward them (with the get option), or log in to the Lab's Virtual Private Network (VPN) before beginning an FTP session. For more information, see the Access Information section of LC's Computing Web pages.

Parallel, Nonparallel Clients

On all LC production machines, open and secure (but not necessarily on LC's other machines), a parallel FTP client (PFTP) is the default. Parallel file transfers occur automatically when they are possible. But the extra verbosity of the parallel client might sometimes pose problems (e. g. for scripts). To overtly invoke a "standard," nonparallel FTP client, either type the special execute line

or else set the environment variable OLD_FTP_CLIENT to any nonnull value. Por ejemplo:

setenv OLD_FTP_CLIENT 1 export OLD_FTP_CLIENT=1

and then use the regular execute line shown at the start of this section. (Unless you include this setting in your login file, FTP will revert to the parallel default client with every new login session.)

Secure FTP (SFTP)

For information on how executing the specialized secure FTP (SFTP) client differs from running standard FTP, consult the SFTP section below.

Transferring Archive TAR Files

Suppose you want to bundle a set of files (perhaps including directory trees) and transfer the resulting archive to another LC machine, but you lack enough disk space to run TAR locally and (hence) double your disk usage on the client machine before you invoke FTP for the transfer. LC's special HTAR utility offers a - f option with which you can open a parallel connection to any preauthenticated LC FTP server and transfer files directly into an archive (TAR file) created and filled only on the remote (receiving) machine. Extractions from and even indexing of remote nonstorage archives are also supported.

See the HTAR Reference Manual for details and annotated examples.

FTP Differences for HPSS Access

One common use for FTP on LC machines is to put files into or get files from archival storage (HPSS, storage. llnl. gov), but not all FTP clients interact equally well with HPSS. If you work on LC Linux/CHAOS systems, you have access to /usr/kerberos/bin/ftp, but you should instead run /usr/local/bin/ftp to reach storage. Under some conditions, the former (but not the latter) client refuses to log you into HPSS or needlessly asks you to "please log in with USER and PASS."

Parallel FTP Service

Parallel FTP service is available between each LC production machine and (both OCF and SCF) storage, as well as between pairs of LC production machines themselves. In all cases where parallel service is available, it is automatic. Multiple "command completed" messages (one for each parallel stripe) betray the parallel transfer of large files with FTP. (HTAR also automatically uses parallel transfers but does not execute the PFTP client.)

Also, the login nodes on most LC production machines are connected to "jumbo-frame gigabit Ethernet links" for fast network traffic. Naturally, the best file-transfer rates occur when you get parallel FTP between a pair of machines that also has the fast jumbo-frame links. For example, NFT automatically routes storage transfers to a cluster's login nodes to take advantage of the jumbo-frame links.

LC has installed jumbo-frame gigabit Ethernet links on both OCF and SCF storage systems and the login nodes of most LC clusters (AIX and Linux/CHAOS). Use of these jumbo-frame network links for faster file transfers is automatic among those LC computers that have them installed. FTP, HSI, HTAR, and NFT all utilize the jumbo-frame gigabit Ethernet links automatically.

Parallel Transfers

The default FTP client on all LC production machines (but not necessarily on special-purpose machines) is a locally developed version that enables you to transfer data in parallel. When parallel FTP transfers are possible, they occur automatically. The FTP server ("daemon") on your destination (target) machine determines whether or not the file transfer is automatically parallel. This is the case for all LC production clusters (AIX or Linux/CHAOS) and storage. For all files over 4 Mbytes, FTP file transfers to storage from all LC production machines (both directions) are automatically parallel (OCF and SCF). Transfers originating on those machines with jumbo-frame gigabit Ethernet links also automatically use those links for even faster data movement. FTP's parallel command now simply reports the current parallel stripe width and block size.

PFTP Commands

The PFTP client offers a number of extra commands (beyond the usual set offered by FTP) to specifically manage parallel file transfers (for example, pget and mpget perform parallel get s). On LC production machines these special PFTP commands are quite unnecessary because parallel transfers occur automatically where they are possible. At other (ASC tri-lab) sites, you may need to remember the special PFTP commands to perform parallel file transfers (especially to storage). See LC's HPSS User Guide for information on extra PFTP commands.

Optional Extras

LC's parallel FTP client is more verbose than the standard FTP client during file transfers. Parallel FTP users may want a complete record of each verbose FTP dialog in their batch log files. The child mode execute-line option ( - c ) causes all interactive output to be sent during batch runs of FTP, and the echo mode ( - e ) option copies FTP input commands into your batch output. Thus, running FTP with the execute line

ftp - ce remotehost

will preserve all the details of a parallel session even within a batch job. For more information on these and other FTP-related options, consult the FTP man pages.

FTP sessions with storage (and with some other target machines) are fully preauthenticated and do not prompt for your user name, while in other cases FTP returns a

prompt to which you must reply to continue. Parallel users who want to eliminate this Name: prompt from all sessions (including batch sessions) can install a file called. netrc in their (global) home directory, containing the following lines:

default login username macdef init binary <empty line>

where the last line in the. netrc file is present but blank. This will put you into binary mode every time, which is fine as there is no need to use the default ASCII mode.

Sample FTP Session

The following sample session (with annotated steps) shows a typical dialog by which a user (Jane) transfers files interactively using FTP. In this case, the local machine (on which Jane executes the FTP client) is Atlas, and the remote machine that files are copied to and from is Lucy. (For an alternative approach on LC production machines, you can use Hopper as a graphical controller for FTP.)

(1) The user runs FTP (on Atlas) with the remote machine's domain name as an argument.

ftp lucy. llnl. gov Connected to lucy. llnl. gov. 220 [NOTICE TO USERS -- very long legal statement] 222 lucy. llnl. gov FTP server (Version LLNL-27. ) ready. 202 Command not implemented.

(2) FTP prompts for a user ID and a password to log in to Lucy (some LC machines "preauthenticate" and skip this password step).

Name (lucy. llnl. gov:jane): jane 331 Password required for jane. Password: [does not echo] 230 User jane logged in. Remote system type is UNIX. Using binary mode to transfer files.

(3) At the FTP prompt, change remote directories to /var/tmp/jane (which is not shared among LC machines).

ftp> cd /var/tmp/jane 250 CWD command successful.

(4) Next, get the file nft. ps (copy it from Lucy to Atlas).

ftp> get nft. ps 200 PORT command successful. 150 Opening Binary data connection for nft. ps 226 Transfer complete. 1602470 bytes received in 0.579 seconds (2.64 Mbytes/s)

(5) Next, put the file testfile (copy it from Atlas to Lucy).

ftp> put testfile 200 PORT command successful. 150 Opening Binary data connection for testfile 226 Transfer complete. 5264 bytes sent in 0 seconds (5.14 Kbytes/s)

(6) The user then transfers a 1.1-Gbyte file called large from Atlas to Lucy. FTP automatically invokes four parallel stripes (each separately reported as FTP "completed" commands in the output).

ftp> put large 200 Command complete (11496780, large, 0, 4, 4194304) 200 Command complete. Address 1 is 134.9.50.35.2356 200 Command complete. Address 2 is 134.9.50.35.2357 200 Command complete. Address 3 is 134.9.50.35.2358 200 Command complete. Address 4 is 134.9.50.35.2359 150 Transfer starting. 226 Transfer complete. (moved = 11496780). 11496780 bytes sent in 0.79 seconds (16.3 Mbytes/s) 200 Command complete.

(7) When the file transfers are done and confirmed, quit FTP.

ftp> quit 221 Goodbye

Standard FTP Commands

FTP commands are described in the FTP man pages. Access them by typing man ftp at the command line prompt. Type help at the FTP prompt to see a list of available commands. Information about standard FTP commands and other FTP issues is easily found online using your favorite Web search engine.

Common FTP Replies and Errors

When you enter an FTP command, you receive a corresponding reply that indicates the command was accepted, rejected, or is being processed. An FTP reply consists of a three-digit code followed by a brief description of the result (as seen in the Sample FTP Session above). Information about common FTP replies and errors is easily found online using your favorite Web search engine.

FTP Reply Codes

FTP reply codes and their meanings are easily found online using your favorite Web search engine. The exact text accompanying each reply code depends on the command issued.

Secure FTP (SFTP)

Standard FTP clients do not encrypt the data that they send to remote hosts, which theoretically allows malicious third parties to intercept and read that data. Secure FTP (SFTP) is a modified client that does encrypt all the files that it sends for greater safety.

Disponibilidad

Clientela

SFTP clients reside on all OCF and SCF production machines.

Servidores

FIS—LC's File Interchange Service (FIS, at fis. llnl. gov) is the only LC server that now accepts incoming files from SFTP clients. FIS only accepts SFTP transfers from within the LC firewall, so direct SFTP transfers from outside machines by means of OTS or VPN are not accepted.

Others—No other LC FTP servers accept SFTP transfers. In particular, you cannot store files (at storage. llnl. gov) from any host by running SFTP.

Dialog Differences

SFTP clients present a different user dialog than do standard FTP clients on LC machines. While some differences are trivial, others require different user responses to open connections or to transfer files successfully. SFTP:

Does not request your user name (nor present it as a default to which you can simply respond by hitting the RETURN key).

Checks for a host key for every new host to which you try to connect and, if not found, asks if you want to continue connecting (yes/no) anyway.

Requests your one-time password (OTP) to open every connection unless you have Kerberos or public key authentication (no default preauthentication occurs, unlike for standard FTP connections among LC machines).

Prompts for input with sftp> .

Option Differences

SFTP recognizes many of the usual set of FTP control options. Tipo. or help at the SFTP prompt to see the list of available commands.

Among the most useful standard FTP options that SFTP does not accept are:

dir In most situations, the SFTP alternative option ( ls - l ) lists files and their properties just as dir does for standard FTP sessions. delete The SFTP alternative rm removes remote files and performs the same functions as delete during standard FTP sessions. ascii, binary, parallel, quote, site SFTP provides no alternative options for these commands. It is supposed to automatically detect ASCII and BINARY files on arrival and transfer them in the appropriate mode, but you cannot force the mode if inappropriate transfers occur.

Public Keys (SCF Only)

If you prefer not to use your OTP (one-time password) to authenticate every SFTP session, you can create and install a special file called an SSH public key, generated using OpenSSH, on every pair of machines between which you transfer files with SFTP. Generating an appropriate public key, converting it to the needed OpenSSH format if needed, and installing it in the right directories (including those on the open FIS node) is a complex, multi-step process. If you need assistance with creating a public key, please contact the LC Hotline .

Note: On OCF, SSH public key authentication is only allowed in limited cases. One is between production clusters using port 622, and the other is when uploading to FIS.

Maintained by lc-webers@llnl. gov | UCRL-WEB-201734 | Updated February 22, 2017

Using the Built-In Windows FTP Client

One of the most common and useful Internet tools for small office/home office (SOHO) and home users is the FTP client. FTP is a standard Internet protocol that lets you easily transfer large files (e. g. images, music) to and from remote computer systems. Ipswitch's WS_FTP and GlobalSCAPE's CuteFTP are well-known and commonly used GUI-based FTP tools. Check out the evaluation versions of these FTP tools, but before you decide to buy, learn how to use the command-line FTP tool that Microsoft built in to all current versions of Windows. With little effort, you can use the Windows FTP client to manage all your FTP needs. You might find third-party tools' user-friendly interfaces easier to use than the Windows FTP client, but the Windows command-line tool is perfect for occasional FTP users who have the time and interest in learning how to use it.

Windows XP's FTP service installs as part of Microsoft Internet Information Services (IIS) 5.1 ; the FTP host is available only in XP Professional Edition, and the command-line client is available in both XP Pro and XP Home Edition. To reach the FTP client, click Start, then click Run. Tipo

in the resulting dialog box.

A useful command-line function available through the Windows FTP client lets you write scripts that execute FTP file transfers and automate FTP tasks. El comando

returns the line

where - v suppresses the display of remote server responses, - d enables debugging, - i turns off interactive prompting during multiple file transfers, - n suppresses auto logon upon initial connection, - g disables filename globbing (see information about the Glob command below), - s:filename specifies a text file containing FTP commands (the commands will automatically run after FTP starts), - a lets you use any local interface when binding data connection, - w:windowsize overrides the default transfer buffer size of 4096, - A enables anonymous logon, and host specifies the host name or IP address of the remote host to which you're connecting.

Those command parameters let you determine how you will connect to the FTP service on another computer. In most cases, you would use the FTP client interactively and could simply enter the following command:

For example, the following line would connect you to the FTP server ftp. chernicoff. com:

The host would prompt you for a username and password. Most publicly available FTP servers support anonymous FTP, which lets you enter anonymous as your username and anything (usually your email address) as your password. You need to enter something at the password prompt; a blank password won't work. After you enter the interactive FTP console, 42 FTP commands are available to help you manage and use your FTP session. By typing

at the FTP prompt, you'll get a list of the available commands. To get help with any command, use the syntax

For example, the command

will display help for the Dir command.

The following is a list of available FTP commands and how you can use them.

!-The. command causes the FTP console to shell to an XP command console. If you need to execute a different XP command-processor command in the same window as your FTP session without disconnecting the FTP session, use this command.

?-The. command returns Help information for a selected FTP command.

Append-The Append command works the same way as the command-prompt Append command: It lets you combine two files. In FTP, however, Append lets you combine a local file with a file on the FTP server. The syntax is

Ascii-The FTP service isn't very bright. It knows that it can transfer files, but it doesn't understand the difference between simple text files and binary files. By default, it assumes it's transferring simple text (i. e. ASCII) files; if you transfer a binary file (e. g. programs, proprietary document formats, DLLs) in that mode, the files arrive at their destination in an unusable format. Using the Ascii command tells the FTP program that you plan to transfer a text file. The command requires no parameters.

Bell-The Bell command tells the FTP program to play a sound when a file transfer finishes. Each time you type the command changes the state from on to off or vice versa. The command requires no parameters, and the default state is off.

Binary-The Binary command sets the file-transfer mode to binary and allows the successful transfer of file types other than simple text. Entering this command sets up the program for binary file transfers. Binary requires no parameters.

Bye-The Bye command disconnects the FTP session and exits the FTP console. The command requires no parameters

Cd-The Cd command changes the working directory on the remote computer. The syntax is the same as the Cd command at the local command prompt. The only parameter is the name of the directory you want to switch to (e. g. cd \dirname).

Close-The Close command shuts down the current FTP connection but leaves you in the FTP console. The command requires no parameters.

Debug-Toggling Debug mode on means that all the details about commands you send to an FTP host will display on the client console. This information is useful if your connection is having problems; you'll be able to see where in the sequence of events a connection is failing. Entering the Debug command toggles the information on or off. The default state is off, and the command requires no parameters.

Delete-Delete lets you delete files on the remote computer (if the account that you used to log on to the FTP server has sufficient privileges). The syntax is

Dir-Dir is the directory command for the remote computer and displays a list of files and subdirectories that reside on the remote computer. Two parameters are available; you can specify a subdirectory to enumerate, and you can specify a filename to write the directory information to on the local machine. The command enumerates the subdirectory subdir1 and writes the list of its contents to the file remote. txt on your local machine, in the directory from which you launched the FTP client.

Disconnect-The Disconnect command provides the same function as the Close command. It disconnects the FTP session and returns the console to the FTP prompt.

Get-The Get command copies a file from the remote computer to the local computer. It also lets you rename the file when the file is being copied. The command simply transfers the file to the local directory. The command lets you rename the local copy of the file. Remember to set the file-transfer mode to the appropriate mode by using the Ascii or Binary command before initiating the file transfer.

Glob-The Glob command lets you use wildcards with other FTP file-management commands. Glob supports the use of the asterisk and question mark in filenames the same way they work in any command-line action. Glob is enabled by default. Entering the command will toggle the function off or on, depending on the current state. The command requires no parameters.

Hash-The Hash command causes the console to print a pound sign (#) for every 2KB of data that transmits during uploading or downloading. By default, the hash function is off.

Help-The Help command displays a list of available commands.

Lcd-The Lcd command lets you change the FTP client's local working directory. Entering with no parameter displays the current directory path. Entering changes the local working directory to the specified directory.

Literal-The Literal command lets you pass a specific command string to the FTP server. If the server supports additional features that the XP FTP console doesn't understand, you could use the syntax to pass the command string to the server. The command has no other parameters.

Ls-Ls is the UNIX Dir command and is identical to the Dir command I described earlier.

Msdelete-The Mdelete command functions the same as the Delete command but includes the ability to send a list of filenames from the remote computer. The syntax is

Mdir-Like the Dir command, the Mdir command lets you request a list of files from the remote computer and also lets you send a list of locations (i. e. directories) to return the file listing from.

Mget-The Mget command functions the same as the Get command but allows multiple file retrievals and doesn't let you rename the files during download.

Mkdir-The Mkdir command lets you create a new directory on the remote machine if your account has sufficient privileges. The syntax is

Mls-The Mls command lets you display a list of filenames and directory names from the remote computer without all the associated information that the Dir and Ls commands display. To use Mls, you need to include the command parameters that define which files you want to display and whether you want them displayed on the screen or written to a directory. Using a hyphen as the only parameter (e. g. mls - -) will display all the information to the console screen.

Mput-The Mput command is the same as the Put command but lets you upload multiple files without intervention. It doesn't let you rename files on transfer.

Open-The Open command connects you to another FTP server from the FTP prompt. The syntax is The port number is necessary only if the target computer is running the FTP server on a port other than the standard TCP port 21.

Prompt-If you toggle the Prompt command on (default is off), the Mget and Mput commands will cause the console to prompt you for specific details between each file transfer, giving you the ability to rename or redirect each file that you're transferring.

Put-The Put command copies a file from the local computer to the remote computer. It also lets you rename the file while the file is being copied. The command simply transfers the file to the local directory. The command lets you rename the remote copy of the file. Remember to set the appropriate file-transfer mode by using the Ascii or Binary command before you initiate the file transfer.

Pwd-The Pwd command prints the current directory on the remote computer.

Quit-The Quit command closes the FTP session and exits the FTP console.

Quote-The Quote command performs the same function as the Literal command.

Recv-The Recv command is the same as the Get command.

Remotehelp-The Remotehelp command displays the list of commands for which help is available on the FTP server. The syntax specifies the command for which you need help.

Rename-The Rename command lets you rename files on the remote computer. The syntax is

Rmdir-The Rmdir command removes a remote directory if the account that you're using has sufficient privileges. The syntax is

Send-The Send command is the same as the Put command.

Status-The Status command shows the current status of the FTP console and connection (e. g. Connected to FTP. chernicoff. com. Type: ascii; Verbose: On; Bell: Off; Prompting: On; Globbing: On; Debugging: Off; Hash mark printing: Off.)

Trace-When you enable the Trace command, the FTP console will display the FTP functions that execute for each command that runs. This debugging tool can show you where problems are occurring in an FTP connection. The command has no parameters.

Type-The Type command will show the user which transfer mode (i. e. ASCII, Binary) is currently selected. You can use the commands or to set the transfer mode.

XP and Windows 2000 contain many command-line networking tools in addition to the FTP client that can make the SOHO and home user's life easier. In coming weeks, I'll provide detailed instructions about how to use those tools.

User-The User command lets a specific user log on to the remote computer. The syntax is

If you don't provide the password and account, the FTP console will prompt you for them.

Verbose-The Verbose command causes the FTP console to display all the responses it receives from the FTP server. The default state is on. The command has no parameters.

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Simon Buckman (not verified)

I have a Windows2000 system, and have been trying for some time to use the standard Windows FTP client to do some backups. In your article, there is reference to the flag to "dis-able" auto logon. On Unix the use of the. netrc file can acheive this. By inference it appears that Windows lets you do this. Can you shed any light on this - I've searched high and low for an answer. Thanks in Advance. Simon.

Name (required): (not verified)

Your Comments (required):

Name (required): (not verified)

Change your TMP environment variable to a location on a larger drive.

Dean/Richard - I was able to successfully change both the TEMP and TMP settings in my session and the ftp download didn't touch the c: drive. I pointed it to the root of D and it create the temporary file there and then moved it to the final location which was also on d drive. My system info: Windows 2003 Enterprise Edition SP2 FTP from the command line. Best of luck!

powerhouse (not verified)

So has anyone been able to upload a folder and its contents via windows ftp? Or is that something that microsoft forgot to include.

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qe (not verified)

Is there a way to use the built-in ftp client to transfer a directory together with all its contents? Something like: put *.* to upload all files in the current local directory Or get *.* to download all files in the current remote directory. Anyone know?

Geoff (not verified)

What if you were to change to the destination directory before you start downloading? Does it still save it to C:\Documents and Settings?

Mike (not verified)

Regarding the last comment, using lcd followed by mget is still creating a file in C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\Local Settings\Temp\1\, which is going to fill my c: drive and fail before it gets a chance to copy it to the drive that has room. Like Sriram, I'd like to avoid the temp file creation.

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Dean (not verified)

I am with Richard here. How can the temporary directory settings be overridden for a transfer?

Joey (not verified)

As Mike and SRIRAM commented, it doesn't matter if you issue the "lcd" prior to the mget the file is written to the C: drive first with a temporary file name and once it is down Windows copies the file to the directory area issued by the "lcd". If you bring a big file down, you could fill up your C: drive and crash. I've had this occur where the file is down on the C: drive and the amount of time it takes Windows to copy it over to the target directory, my FTP session would timeout & drop the connection. Does anyone know of a override to stop Windows from writting the file initially to the C: drive and just directly where the 'lcd' is coded. Gracias.

Name (required): (not verified)

I believe you can use ftp - i [host computer]. Then, use mput * or mget * to put and get everything in your current directory.

richard (not verified)

I changed the TMP and TEMP env variable to a different drive and that seems to put the temp file in that directory. Still, the transfer stalls for some reason. I am wondering if there's a way to override the creation of the temp file, and make FTP client put the file directly on the directory that you are doing "GET" from.

How to use ftp in a shell script

Sometimes I want to FTP a file from one machine to another. Usually, I can do the transfer interactively, but every so often, I would like to have a shell script do the file transfer. This task has eluded me in the past, but I finally figured it out. I've not seen this particular trick documented in the past, so I submit it for your approval.

The Problem

The problem I always encountered in scripting ftp transfers involved getting a password to the ftp server. Typical ftp client programs under Unix, Linux, Solaris and NetBSD all read the ftp password from /dev/tty .

Example (non-working) script

The above script will just hang if run in the foreground (in an xterm), or if run in the background (from a cron job), it will fail to perform the work of transferring file. txt .

/dev/tty names a strange, magic device. Each process (more strictly each process group) has a different /dev/tty. and you can not naively make ftp clients read the password from some non-magic, yet convenient source, like a "here document". When run in an xterm, the script above appears to hang because it reads the password from /dev/tty. The xterm constitutes the script's /dev/tty. so the script waits for keyboard input.

Example Working Script

The Tricks

Getting the password to the ftp server without having the ftp client program read the password from /dev/tty requires two tricks:

Using the - n option on the ftp client program to prevent the ftp client from trying to log in immediately. That way, the ftp client does not ask for a user ID and password. No use of /dev/tty .

Use the ftp client program command quote to send user ID and password to the ftp server.

You must the token that ends the "here document" ( END_SCRIPT in the example above) at the beginning of a line. Even if the ftp command line and the login and transfer script are indented, END_SCRIPT should appear with the 'E' as the first character of the line.

Further Refinements

The above sh script will spew lots of ftp client output to standard output. Even if everything works perfectly, the user running the above script will see lots of incomprehensible text scrolling by quite rapidly. One refinement would send output to different places: One could further refine error handling by acting on the ftp client program's exit status:

Except that the above doesn't always work - most FTP clients always exit with a status of 0. This leads to ugly "false negatives": the file transfer fails, but the script doesn't detect the problem.

One way to verify that a file transfer took place - transfer it back:

Regular FTPs there and back of large files can consume a lot of time.

Control of ftp by a shell script

One obvious improvement would have the ftp client program controlled by the shell script. I don't think that would comprise an impossible task, but I also don't think that it would have much value. Scripting ftp transfer using expect might cause you less pain.

Alternative #1

I saw a second way of doing this in a usenet article:

It still uses the "-n" trick, but it sends user ID and password in the same "user" command.

Alternative #2

Linux, Unix and BSD users have the alternative of using a. netrc file. The ftp man page documents the format of. netrc. To accomplish the task of using ftp in a shell script you would have to fill out a. netrc file something like this:

ftp demands that. netrc not have group or world read or write permissions:

Using a. netrc file has a few problems that may or may not prevent you from using it.

A shell scripkt that does FTP using. netrc is no longer self-contained. You have to keep track of two files, which means that bugs can be less than obvious.

ftp reads it's user ID's. netrc. If you develop your script under a given user ID, then put it in production under a second user ID, you have to coordinate. netrc file contents between those two user IDs.

Alternative #3

Apparently, the Ckermit program from Columbia University understands FTP. You could use Ckermit to script FTP transfers. This looks to have advantages and disadvantages. On the "pro" side, it appears that Ckermit can exit on various errors, like unknown user IDs, or bad passwords. On the "con" side, you have to have Ckermit. I don't recall that it had a too onerous install, but it doesn't come with many Linux distros these days, and it probably doesn't come with any vendor Unix.

Introducción

Installing/Configuring

Requisitos

Instalación

Runtime Configuration

Resource Types

Predefined Constants

Ejemplos

Basic usage

FTP Functions

ftp_alloc — Allocates space for a file to be uploaded

ftp_cdup — Changes to the parent directory

ftp_chdir — Changes the current directory on a FTP server

ftp_chmod — Set permissions on a file via FTP

ftp_close — Closes an FTP connection

ftp_connect — Opens an FTP connection

ftp_delete — Deletes a file on the FTP server

ftp_exec — Requests execution of a command on the FTP server

ftp_fget — Downloads a file from the FTP server and saves to an open file

ftp_fput — Uploads from an open file to the FTP server

ftp_get_option — Retrieves various runtime behaviours of the current FTP stream

ftp_get — Downloads a file from the FTP server

ftp_login — Logs in to an FTP connection

ftp_mdtm — Returns the last modified time of the given file

ftp_mkdir — Creates a directory

ftp_nb_continue — Continues retrieving/sending a file (non-blocking)

ftp_nb_fget — Retrieves a file from the FTP server and writes it to an open file (non-blocking)

ftp_nb_fput — Stores a file from an open file to the FTP server (non-blocking)

ftp_nb_get — Retrieves a file from the FTP server and writes it to a local file (non-blocking)

ftp_nb_put — Stores a file on the FTP server (non-blocking)

ftp_nlist — Returns a list of files in the given directory

ftp_pasv — Turns passive mode on or off

ftp_put — Uploads a file to the FTP server

ftp_pwd — Returns the current directory name

ftp_quit — Alias of ftp_close

ftp_raw — Sends an arbitrary command to an FTP server

ftp_rawlist — Returns a detailed list of files in the given directory

ftp_rename — Renames a file or a directory on the FTP server

ftp_rmdir — Removes a directory

ftp_set_option — Set miscellaneous runtime FTP options

ftp_site — Sends a SITE command to the server

ftp_size — Returns the size of the given file

ftp_ssl_connect — Opens an Secure SSL-FTP connection

ftp_systype — Returns the system type identifier of the remote FTP server

User Contributed Notes 5 notes

Upload file to server via ftp.

<?php $ftp_server = "" ; $ftp_user_name = "" ; $ftp_user_pass = "" ; $file = "" ; //tobe uploaded $remote_file = "" ;

// set up basic connection $conn_id = ftp_connect ( $ftp_server );

// login with username and password $login_result = ftp_login ( $conn_id. $ftp_user_name. $ftp_user_pass );

// upload a file if ( ftp_put ( $conn_id. $remote_file. $file. FTP_ASCII )) echo "successfully uploaded $file \n" ; salida; > else echo "There was a problem while uploading $file \n" ; salida; > // close the connection ftp_close ( $conn_id ); ?>

For those who dont want to deal with handling the connection once created, here is a simple class that allows you to call any ftp function as if it were an extended method. It automatically puts the ftp connection into the first argument slot (as all ftp functions require).

This code is php 5.3+

<?php class ftp public $conn ;

public function __construct ( $url ) $this -> conn = ftp_connect ( $url ); >

public function __call ( $func. $a ) if( strstr ( $func. 'ftp_' ) !== false && function_exists ( $func )) array_unshift ( $a. $this -> conn ); return call_user_func_array ( $func. $a ); >else // replace with your own error handler. die( " $func is not a valid FTP function" ); > > >

// Example $ftp = new ftp ( 'ftp. example. com' ); $ftp -> ftp_login ( 'username'. 'password' ); var_dump ( $ftp -> ftp_nlist ()); ?>

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SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPCIÓN

curl is a client to get documents/files from or send documents to a server, using any of the supported protocols (HTTP, HTTPS, FTP, GOPHER, DICT, TELNET, LDAP or FILE). The command is designed to work without user interaction or any kind of interactivity.

curl offers a busload of useful tricks like proxy support, user authentication, ftp upload, HTTP post, SSL (https:) connections, cookies, file transfer resume and more.

URL

The URL syntax is protocol dependent. You'll find a detailed description in RFC 2396.

You can specify multiple URLs or parts of URLs by writing part sets within braces as in:

or you can get sequences of alphanumeric series by using [] as in:

It is possible to specify up to 9 sets or series for a URL, but no nesting is supported at the moment:

You can specify any amount of URLs on the command line. They will be fetched in a sequential manner in the specified order.

Curl will attempt to re-use connections for multiple file transfers, so that getting many files from the same server will not do multiple connects / handshakes. This improves speed. Of course this is only done on files specified on a single command line and cannot be used between separate curl invokes.

OPTIONS

-a/--append (FTP) When used in a ftp upload, this will tell curl to append to the target file instead of overwriting it. If the file doesn't exist, it will be created.

If this option is used twice, the second one will disable append mode again.

-A/--user-agent (HTTP) Specify the User-Agent string to send to the HTTP server. Some badly done CGIs fail if its not set to "Mozilla/4.0". To encode blanks in the string, surround the string with single quote marks. This can also be set with the - H/--header flag of course.

If this option is set more than once, the last one will be the one that's used.

-b/--cookie (HTTP) Pass the data to the HTTP server as a cookie. It is supposedly the data previously received from the server in a "Set-Cookie:" line. The data should be in the format "NAME1=VALUE1; NAME2=VALUE2".

If no '=' letter is used in the line, it is treated as a filename to use to read previously stored cookie lines from, which should be used in this session if they match. Using this method also activates the "cookie parser" which will make curl record incoming cookies too, which may be handy if you're using this in combination with the - L/--location option. The file format of the file to read cookies from should be plain HTTP headers or the Netscape/Mozilla cookie file format.

NOTE that the file specified with - b/--cookie is only used as input. No cookies will be stored in the file. To store cookies, save the HTTP headers to a file using - D/--dump-header!

If this option is set more than once, the last one will be the one that's used.

-B/--use-ascii Use ASCII transfer when getting an FTP file or LDAP info. For FTP, this can also be enforced by using an URL that ends with ";type=A". This option causes data sent to stdout to be in text mode for win32 systems.

If this option is used twice, the second one will disable ASCII usage.

--ciphers (SSL) Specifies which ciphers to use in the connection. The list of ciphers must be using valid ciphers. Read up on SSL cipher list details on this URL: http://www. openssl. org/docs/apps/ciphers. html (Option added in curl 7.9)

If this option is used severl times, the last one will override the others.

--connect-timeout Maximum time in seconds that you allow the connection to the server to take. This only limits the connection phase, once curl has connected this option is of no more use. See also the --max-time option.

If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.

-c/--cookie-jar Specify to which file you want curl to write all cookies after a completed operation. Curl writes all cookies previously read from a specified file as well as all cookies received from remote server(s). If no cookies are known, no file will be written. The file will be written using the Netscape cookie file format. If you set the file name to a single dash, "-", the cookies will be written to stdout. (Option added in curl 7.9)

If this option is used several times, the last specfied file name will be used.

-C/--continue-at Continue/Resume a previous file transfer at the given offset. The given offset is the exact number of bytes that will be skipped counted from the beginning of the source file before it is transfered to the destination. If used with uploads, the ftp server command SIZE will not be used by curl.

Use "-C -" to tell curl to automatically find out where/how to resume the transfer. It then uses the given output/input files to figure that out.

If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.

--crlf (FTP) Convert LF to CRLF in upload. Useful for MVS (OS/390).

If this option is used twice, the second will again disable crlf converting.

-d/--data (HTTP) Sends the specified data in a POST request to the HTTP server, in a way that can emulate as if a user has filled in a HTML form and pressed the submit button. Note that the data is sent exactly as specified with no extra processing (with all newlines cut off). The data is expected to be "url-encoded". This will cause curl to pass the data to the server using the content-type application/x-www-form-urlencoded. Compare to - F. If more than one - d/--data option is used on the same command line, the data pieces specified will be merged together with a separating &-letter. Thus, using '-d name=daniel - d skill=lousy' would generate a post chunk that looks like 'name=daniel&skill=lousy'.

If you start the data with the letter @, the rest should be a file name to read the data from, or - if you want curl to read the data from stdin. The contents of the file must already be url-encoded. Multiple files can also be specified. Posting data from a file named 'foobar' would thus be done with "--data @foobar".

To post data purely binary, you should instead use the --data-binary option.

-d/--data is the same as --data-ascii.

If this option is used several times, the ones following the first will append data.

--data-ascii (HTTP) This is an alias for the - d/--data option.

If this option is used several times, the ones following the first will append data.

--data-binary (HTTP) This posts data in a similar manner as --data-ascii does, although when using this option the entire context of the posted data is kept as-is. If you want to post a binary file without the strip-newlines feature of the --data-ascii option, this is for you.

If this option is used several times, the ones following the first will append data.

--disable-epsv (FTP) Tell curl to disable the use of the EPSV command when doing passive FTP downloads. Curl will normally always first attempt to use EPSV before PASV, but with this option, it will not try using EPSV.

If this option is used several times, each occurrence will toggle this on/off.

-D/--dump-header Write the protocol headers to the specified file.

This option is handy to use when you want to store the cookies that a HTTP site sends to you. The cookies could then be read in a second curl invoke by using the - b/--cookie option!

When used on FTP, the ftp server response lines are considered being "headers" and thus are saved there.

If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.

-e/--referer (HTTP) Sends the "Referer Page" information to the HTTP server. This can also be set with the - H/--header flag of course. When used with - L/--location you can append ";auto" to the referer URL to make curl automatically set the previous URL when it follows a Location: header. The ";auto" string can be used alone, even if you don't set an initial referer.

If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.

--environment (RISC OS ONLY) Sets a range of environment variables, using the names the - w option supports, to easier allow extraction of useful information after having run curl.

If this option is used several times, each occurrence will toggle this on/off.

--egd-file (HTTPS) Specify the path name to the Entropy Gathering Daemon socket. The socket is used to seed the random engine for SSL connections. See also the --random-file option. - E/--cert (HTTPS) Tells curl to use the specified certificate file when getting a file with HTTPS. The certificate must be in PEM format. If the optional password isn't specified, it will be queried for on the terminal. Note that this certificate is the private key and the private certificate concatenated!

If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.

--cacert (HTTPS) Tells curl to use the specified certificate file to verify the peer. The file may contain multiple CA certificates. The certificate(s) must be in PEM format.

If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.

--capath (HTTPS) Tells curl to use the specified certificate directory to verify the peer. The certificates must be in PEM format, and the directory must have been processed using the c_rehash utility supplied with openssl. Certificate directories are not supported under Windows (because c_rehash uses symbolink links to create them). Using --capath can allow curl to make https connections much more efficiently than using --cacert if the --cacert file contains many CA certificates.

If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.

-f/--fail (HTTP) Fail silently (no output at all) on server errors. This is mostly done like this to better enable scripts etc to better deal with failed attempts. In normal cases when a HTTP server fails to deliver a document, it returns a HTML document stating so (which often also describes why and more). This flag will prevent curl from outputting that and fail silently instead.

If this option is used twice, the second will again disable silent failure.

-F/--form (HTTP) This lets curl emulate a filled in form in which a user has pressed the submit button. This causes curl to POST data using the content-type multipart/form-data according to RFC1867. This enables uploading of binary files etc. To force the 'content' part to be be a file, prefix the file name with an @ sign. To just get the content part from a file, prefix the file name with the letter <. The difference between @ and < is then that @ makes a file get attached in the post as a file upload, while the < makes a text field and just get the contents for that text field from a file.

Example, to send your password file to the server, where 'password' is the name of the form-field to which /etc/passwd will be the input:

curl - F password=@/etc/passwd www. mypasswords. com

To read the file's content from stdin insted of a file, use - where the file name should've been. This goes for both @ and < constructs.

This option can be used multiple times.

-g/--globoff This option switches off the "URL globbing parser". When you set this option, you can specify URLs that contain the letters <>[] without having them being interpreted by curl itself. Note that these letters are not normal legal URL contents but they should be encoded according to the URI standard. - G/--get When used, this option will make all data specified with - d/--data or --data-binary to be used in a HTTP GET request instead of the POST request that otherwise would be used. The data will be appended to the URL with a '?' separator. (Option added in curl 7.9)

If used in combination with - I, the POST data will instead be appended to the URL with a HEAD request.

If used multiple times, nothing special happens.

-h/--help Usage help. - H/--header (HTTP) Extra header to use when getting a web page. You may specify any number of extra headers. Note that if you should add a custom header that has the same name as one of the internal ones curl would use, your externally set header will be used instead of the internal one. This allows you to make even trickier stuff than curl would normally do. You should not replace internally set headers without knowing perfectly well what you're doing. Replacing an internal header with one without content on the right side of the colon will prevent that header from appearing.

This option can be used multiple times to add/replace/remove multiple headers.

-i/--include (HTTP) Include the HTTP-header in the output. The HTTP-header includes things like server-name, date of the document, HTTP-version and more.

If this option is used twice, the second will again disable header include.

--interface Perform an operation using a specified interface. You can enter interface name, IP address or host name. An example could look like:

If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.

-I/--head (HTTP/FTP) Fetch the HTTP-header only! HTTP-servers feature the command HEAD which this uses to get nothing but the header of a document. When used on a FTP file, curl displays the file size only.

If this option is used twice, the second will again disable header only.

-j/--junk-session-cookies (HTTP) When curl is told to read cookies from a given file, this option will make it discard all "session cookies". This will basicly have the same effect as if a new session is started. Typical browsers always discard session cookies when they're closed down. (Added in 7.9.7)

If this option is used several times, each occurrence will toggle this on/off.

--krb4 (FTP) Enable kerberos4 authentication and use. The level must be entered and should be one of 'clear', 'safe', 'confidential' or 'private'. Should you use a level that is not one of these, 'private' will instead be used.

If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.

-K/--config Specify which config file to read curl arguments from. The config file is a text file in which command line arguments can be written which then will be used as if they were written on the actual command line. Options and their parameters must be specified on the same config file line. If the parameter is to contain white spaces, the parameter must be inclosed within quotes. If the first column of a config line is a '#' character, the rest of the line will be treated as a comment.

Specify the filename as '-' to make curl read the file from stdin.

Note that to be able to specify a URL in the config file, you need to specify it using the --url option, and not by simply writing the URL on its own line. So, it could look similar to this:

This option can be used multiple times.

-l/--list-only (FTP) When listing an FTP directory, this switch forces a name-only view. Especially useful if you want to machine-parse the contents of an FTP directory since the normal directory view doesn't use a standard look or format.

This option causes an FTP NLST command to be sent. Some FTP servers list only files in their response to NLST; they do not include subdirectories and symbolic links.

If this option is used twice, the second will again disable list only.

-L/--location (HTTP/HTTPS) If the server reports that the requested page has a different location (indicated with the header line Location:) this flag will let curl attempt to reattempt the get on the new place. If used together with - i or - I, headers from all requested pages will be shown. If this flag is used when making a HTTP POST, curl will automatically switch to GET after the initial POST has been done.

If this option is used twice, the second will again disable location following.

-m/--max-time Maximum time in seconds that you allow the whole operation to take. This is useful for preventing your batch jobs from hanging for hours due to slow networks or links going down. This doesn't work fully in win32 systems. See also the --connect-timeout option.

If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.

-M/--manual Manual. Display the huge help text. - n/--netrc Makes curl scan the. netrc file in the user's home directory for login name and password. This is typically used for ftp on unix. If used with http, curl will enable user authentication. See netrc (4) or ftp (1) for details on the file format. Curl will not complain if that file hasn't the right permissions (it should not be world nor group readable). The environment variable "HOME" is used to find the home directory.

A quick and very simple example of how to setup a. netrc to allow curl to ftp to the machine host. domain. com with user name 'myself' and password 'secret' should look similar to:

machine host. domain. com login myself password secret

If this option is used twice, the second will again disable netrc usage.

-N/--no-buffer Disables the buffering of the output stream. In normal work situations, curl will use a standard buffered output stream that will have the effect that it will output the data in chunks, not necessarily exactly when the data arrives. Using this option will disable that buffering.

If this option is used twice, the second will again switch on buffering.

-o/--output Write output to instead of stdout. If you are using <> or [] to fetch multiple documents, you can use '#' followed by a number in the specifier. That variable will be replaced with the current string for the URL being fetched. Like in:

curl http://.site. com - o "file_#1.txt"

or use several variables like:

You may use this option as many times as you have number of URLs.

-O/--remote-name Write output to a local file named like the remote file we get. (Only the file part of the remote file is used, the path is cut off.)

You may use this option as many times as you have number of URLs.

-p/--proxytunnel When an HTTP proxy is used, this option will cause non-HTTP protocols to attempt to tunnel through the proxy instead of merely using it to do HTTP-like operations. The tunnel approach is made with the HTTP proxy CONNECT request and requires that the proxy allows direct connect to the remote port number curl wants to tunnel through to.

If this option is used twice, the second will again disable proxy tunnel.

-P/--ftpport (FTP) Reverses the initiator/listener roles when connecting with ftp. This switch makes Curl use the PORT command instead of PASV. In practice, PORT tells the server to connect to the client's specified address and port, while PASV asks the server for an ip address and port to connect to. should be one of: interface i. e "eth0" to specify which interface's IP address you want to use (Unix only) IP address i. e "192.168.10.1" to specify exact IP number host name i. e "my. host. domain" to specify machine - (any single-letter string) to make it pick the machine's default

If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.

-q If used as the first parameter on the command line, the $HOME/.curlrc file will not be read and used as a config file. - Q/--quote (FTP) Send an arbitrary command to the remote FTP server, by using the QUOTE command of the server. Not all servers support this command, and the set of QUOTE commands are server specific! Quote commands are sent BEFORE the transfer is taking place. To make commands take place after a successful transfer, prefix them with a dash '-'. You may specify any amount of commands to be run before and after the transfer. If the server returns failure for one of the commands, the entire operation will be aborted.

This option can be used multiple times.

--random-file (HTTPS) Specify the path name to file containing what will be considered as random data. The data is used to seed the random engine for SSL connections. See also the --edg-file option. - r/--range (HTTP/FTP) Retrieve a byte range (i. e a partial document) from a HTTP/1.1 or FTP server. Ranges can be specified in a number of ways. 0-499 specifies the first 500 bytes 500-999 specifies the second 500 bytes -500 specifies the last 500 bytes 9500 specifies the bytes from offset 9500 and forward 0-0,-1 specifies the first and last byte only(*)(H) 500-700,600-799 specifies 300 bytes from offset 500(H) 100-199,500-599 specifies two separate 100 bytes ranges(*)(H)

(*) = NOTE that this will cause the server to reply with a multipart response!

You should also be aware that many HTTP/1.1 servers do not have this feature enabled, so that when you attempt to get a range, you'll instead get the whole document.

FTP range downloads only support the simple syntax 'start-stop' (optionally with one of the numbers omitted). It depends on the non-RFC command SIZE.

If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.

-R/--remote-time When used, this will make libcurl attempt to figure out the timestamp of the remote file, and if that is available make the local file get that same timestamp.

If this option is used twice, the second time disables this again.

-s/--silent Silent mode. Don't show progress meter or error messages. Makes Curl mute.

If this option is used twice, the second will again disable mute.

-S/--show-error When used with - s it makes curl show error message if it fails.

If this option is used twice, the second will again disable show error.

--stderr Redirect all writes to stderr to the specified file instead. If the file name is a plain '-', it is instead written to stdout. This option has no point when you're using a shell with decent redirecting capabilities.

If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.

-t/--telnet-option Pass options to the telnet protocol. Supported options are:

TTYPE= Sets the terminal type.

XDISPLOC= Sets the X display location.

NEW_ENV= Sets an environment variable.

-T/--upload-file This transfers the specified local file to the remote URL. If there is no file part in the specified URL, Curl will append the local file name. NOTE that you must use a trailing / on the last directory to really prove to Curl that there is no file name or curl will think that your last directory name is the remote file name to use. That will most likely cause the upload operation to fail. If this is used on a http(s) server, the PUT command will be used.

Use the file name "-" (a single dash) to use stdin instead of a given file.

If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.

--trace Enables a full trace dump of all incoming and outgoing data, including descriptive information, to the given output file. Use "-" as filename to have the output sent to stdout.

If this option is used several times, the last one will be used. (Added in curl 7.9.7)

--trace-ascii Enables a full trace dump of all incoming and outgoing data, including descriptive information, to the given output file. Use "-" as filename to have the output sent to stdout.

This is very similar to --trace, but leaves out the hex part and only shows the ASCII part of the dump. It makes smaller output that might be easier to read for untrained humans.

If this option is used several times, the last one will be used. (Added in curl 7.9.7)

-u/--user Specify user and password to use when fetching. See README. curl for detailed examples of how to use this. If no password is specified, curl will ask for it interactively.

If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.

-U/--proxy-user Specify user and password to use for Proxy authentication. If no password is specified, curl will ask for it interactively.

If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.

--url Specify a URL to fetch. This option is mostly handy when you want to specify URL(s) in a config file.

This option may be used any number of times. To control where this URL is written, use the - o or the - O options.

-v/--verbose Makes the fetching more verbose/talkative. Mostly usable for debugging. Lines starting with '>' means data sent by curl, '<' means data received by curl that is hidden in normal cases and lines starting with '*' means additional info provided by curl.

If this option is used twice, the second will again disable verbose.

-V/--version Displays the full version of curl, libcurl and other 3rd party libraries linked with the executable. - w/--write-out Defines what to display after a completed and successful operation. The format is a string that may contain plain text mixed with any number of variables. The string can be specified as "string", to get read from a particular file you specify it "@filename" and to tell curl to read the format from stdin you write "@-".

The variables present in the output format will be substituted by the value or text that curl thinks fit, as described below. All variables are specified like % and to output a normal % you just write them like %%. You can output a newline by using \n, a carriage return with \r and a tab space with \t.

NOTE: The %-letter is a special letter in the win32-environment, where all occurrences of % must be doubled when using this option.

Available variables are at this point:

url_effective The URL that was fetched last. This is mostly meaningful if you've told curl to follow location: headers. http_code The numerical code that was found in the last retrieved HTTP(S) page. time_total The total time, in seconds, that the full operation lasted. The time will be displayed with millisecond resolution. time_namelookup The time, in seconds, it took from the start until the name resolving was completed. time_connect The time, in seconds, it took from the start until the connect to the remote host (or proxy) was completed. time_pretransfer The time, in seconds, it took from the start until the file transfer is just about to begin. This includes all pre-transfer commands and negotiations that are specific to the particular protocol(s) involved. time_starttransfer The time, in seconds, it took from the start until the first byte is just about to be transfered. This includes time_pretransfer and also the time the server needs to calculate the result. size_download The total amount of bytes that were downloaded. size_upload The total amount of bytes that were uploaded. size_header The total amount of bytes of the downloaded headers. size_request The total amount of bytes that were sent in the HTTP request. speed_download The average download speed that curl measured for the complete download. speed_upload The average upload speed that curl measured for the complete upload. content_type The Content-Type of the requested document, if there was any. (Added in 7.9.5)

If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.

-x/--proxy Use specified HTTP proxy. If the port number is not specified, it is assumed at port 1080.

Note that all operations that are performed over a HTTP proxy will transparantly be converted to HTTP. It means that certain protocol specific operations might not be available. This is not the case if you can tunnel through the proxy, as done with the - p/--proxytunnel option.

If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.

-X/--request (HTTP) Specifies a custom request to use when communicating with the HTTP server. The specified request will be used instead of the standard GET. Read the HTTP 1.1 specification for details and explanations.

(FTP) Specifies a custom FTP command to use instead of LIST when doing file lists with ftp.

If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.

-y/--speed-time If a download is slower than speed-limit bytes per second during a speed-time period, the download gets aborted. If speed-time is used, the default speed-limit will be 1 unless set with - y.

If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.

-Y/--speed-limit If a download is slower than this given speed, in bytes per second, for speed-time seconds it gets aborted. speed-time is set with - Y and is 30 if not set.

If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.

-z/--time-cond (HTTP) Request to get a file that has been modified later than the given time and date, or one that has been modified before that time. The date expression can be all sorts of date strings or if it doesn't match any internal ones, it tries to get the time from a given file name instead! See the GNU date (1) or curl_getdate(3) man pages for date expression details.

Start the date expression with a dash (-) to make it request for a document that is older than the given date/time, default is a document that is newer than the specified date/time.

If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.

-Z/--max-redirs Set maximum number of redirection-followings allowed. If - L/--location is used, this option can be used to prevent curl from following redirections "in absurdum".

If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.

-3/--sslv3 (HTTPS) Forces curl to use SSL version 3 when negotiating with a remote SSL server. -2/--sslv2 (HTTPS) Forces curl to use SSL version 2 when negotiating with a remote SSL server. -0/--http1.0 (HTTP) Forces curl to issue its requests using HTTP 1.0 instead of using its internally preferred: HTTP 1.1. -#/--progress-bar Make curl display progress information as a progress bar instead of the default statistics.

If this option is used twice, the second will again disable the progress bar.

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Important: Use the man command ( % man ) to see how a command is used on your particular computer.

& Gt; & gt; Linux/Unix Command Library

& Gt; & gt; Shell Command Library

Admin Trial 88 comments

How FTP Multiple Files from the Command Line. By BlogAdmin; 19 January, 2017;. FTP mget file01 file02 file03. separate each file with a space. FTP mget filename* FTP or File Transfer Protocol is a useful utility that allows you to transfer several. FTP utility will ask Continue with mput. we can use runique OPTION in ftp. DESCRIPTION ftp is the user interface to the ARPANET standard File Transfer Protocol FTP. ftp. ftp'. OPTIONS Options may. FTP1C mget and mput. Si.

The - i flag goes on the initial ftp command, NOT any subsequent ones. So you'd do ftp - i url//site. and then for the files you want mput *JPG FTP MPUT. Windows Desktop Development. More support options; Essentials. Windows APIs; Samples; Compatibility and certification; Desktop dashboard; Stay connected. The mget and mput commands. much like the Windows ftp program. With the - bc option, PSFTP will display prompts and commands just as if the commands had.

Linux and UNIX FTP command help, examples, and information about each of the FTP commands. Mget ftp command options. Hi, I am using mget ftp command to pull a bunch of zip files from Windows to local unix machines.

MGET Copy Multiple Files from a Remote System to the Local System FTP Client Subcommand. How MGET transfers files To copy one or more remote files, use the MGET. Managed Cloud Business Solutions. 24x7x365 Support. Sign Up Now!

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DOS's FTP Command

FTP Commands (DOS's FTP. exe )

Technical note: The FTP command, ftp. exe, is located in the windows "system32" directory. (ex: c:\windows\system32\ftp. exe or c:\winnt\system32\ftp. exe ). If you get a DOS error bad command, then put the full pathname for the executible.

Getting a connection to the FTP server from the DOS prompt:

Get to a DOS Prompt. (ie: Start, Run, command. com)

c:> ftp [ftp server name or IP Address]

Enter your username & Contraseña.

To disconnect type: disconnect

From DOS, type: ftp

ftp> open <hostname or IP address>

Enter your username & Contraseña

To disconnect type: disconnect

After you have signed on here is some FTP commands:

help <enter> - gives a list off FTP commands.

help [command name] - give brief help.

? [command name] - give brief help.

open [server name] - opens a connection to a new web server.

disconnect - terminates ftp session.

bye - logoff & exit FTP.

exit - Terminate FTP session and exit.

lcd [directory name] - Change local working directory.

cd - change remote working directory (at FTP site).

get [filename] - download a file to your local working directory. get <enter> - will prompt for remote-file, then local-file.

mget *.* - Get multiple files. If prompt is on, will prompt Y/N for each file matching the wildcard. prompt <enter> - toggles prompting on or off. ON by default.

put [filename] - upload a file to the web server. put <enter> - will prompt for remote-file, then local-file.

mput *.* - Put multiple files. If prompt is on, will prompt Y/N for each file matching the wildcard. prompt <enter> - toggles prompting on or off. ON by default.

pwd - shows your current working directory on the remote server.

mkdir [directory name] - creates (make) a new directory on remote server.

rmdir [directory name] - removes (delete) a directory on remote server - if empty.

delete [filename] - deletes a remote file.

user [username] - changes current user on current server

quote <command> - sends a command to the ftp server.

binary - switches to binary file transfer mode.

hash - This is to show you the progress of the upload.

ls or dir - List contents of remote directory. Warning: This may kick you off of the server (close the connection). I think this might happen if you don't have directory listing rights.

Other FTP commands

! - Escape to shell.

append - append to a file.

ascii - set ascii transfer type.

bell - beep when a command completes.

close - terminate ftp session.

glob - Toggle metacharacter expansion of local file names.

literal - send arbitrary ftp command.

mdelete - delete multiple files

mdir - list contents of multiple remote directories

mget - get multiple files.

mls - list contents of multiple remote directories

mput - send multiple files

prompt - force interactive prompting on multiple commands

quote - send arbitrary FTP command

recv - receive file

remotehelp - get help from remote server (list of remote server commands)

rename - rename a file.

send - send one file.

status - show current status

trace - toggle packet tracing

user - send new user information (.

verbose - toggles verbose mode (default: on)

Example: FTP a file to the server

Log onto the FTP server (see above)

cd <pathname> - use this to CD to a directory on the remote computer

lcd <pathname> - use this to CD to a directory on your local computer.

bin - Turns on binary transfer.

hash - Turns on progress.

put <filename> - This will FTP the file.

debug - toggle debugging mode.

Using. bat files and ftp Scripts.

You can use FTP Scripts to automate your DOS FTP processes. Here is an example of a batch file and FTP script file that will transfer a file to the root directory of an FTP server:

Create a text file with the following content called: DosFtpFile. txt Hello World

Create a batch file with the following content called: DosFtpFile. bat ftp - s:DosFtpFile. ftp <ftp_ server_ name> pausa

Create a script file with the following content cassed: DosFtpFile. ftp <place_your_user_name_here> <place_your_user_password_here> put DosFtpFile. txt quit

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Specifies which end-of-line sequence to use when ENCODING is MBCS, the data transfer type is ASCII, MODE is Stream, and data is being sent to the server. The following are possible values:

Append both carriage return (X'0D') and line feed (X'0A') end-of-line sequences to each line of translated text. This is the default and the standard sequence defined by RFC 959. The z/OS server can receive ASCII data in this format only.

Append only a carriage return (X'0D') end-of-line sequence to each line of translated text.

Append only a line feed (X'0A') end-of-line sequence to each line of translated text.

Do not append an end-of-line sequence to the line of translated text.

Most servers support only the CRLF value for incoming ASCII data. Do not specify another value for MBSENDEOL unless you have verified that the server is expecting the end-of-line sequence that you specify.

Do not use an end-of-line sequence other than CRLF if the server is a z/OS FTP server. The z/OS FTP server supports only the CRLF value for incoming ASCII data.

If you send a file to a server when MBSENDEOL has a value other than CRLF, a subsequent SIZE command to that server targeting the file you sent could yield unpredictable results. Any size indicated in the server reply for such a file might not be reliable.

Specifies which end-of-line sequence to use when ENCODING is SBCS, the data transfer type is ASCII, and data is being sent to the server. The following are possible values:

Append both carriage return (X'0D') and line feed (X'0A') end-of-line sequences to each line of translated text. This is the default and the standard sequence defined by RFC 959. The z/OS server can receive ASCII data in this format only.

Append only a carriage return (X'0D') end-of-line sequence to each line of translated text.

Append only a line feed (X'0A') end-of-line sequence to each line of translated text.

Do not append an end-of-line sequence to the line of translated text.

Tip: The srestart subcommand is disabled if you configure a SBSENDEOL value other than CRLF.

Most servers support only the CRLF value for incoming ASCII data. Do not specify another value for SBSENDEOL unless you have verified that the server is expecting the end-of-line sequence that you specify.

Do not use an end-of-line sequence other than CRLF if the server is a z/OS FTP server. The z/OS FTP server supports only the CRLF value for incoming data.

If you send a file to a server while SBSENDEOL has a value other than CRLF, a subsequent SIZE command to that server targeting the file you sent could yield unpredictable results. Any size indicated in the server reply for such a file might not be reliable.

FTP and SFTP Beginners Guide with 10 Examples

FTP is File Transfer Protocol. SFTP is secure FTP. In this article let us review how to connect and login to a remote ftp server for downloading and uploading files using ftp or sftp command. Most of the ftp commands are applicable to sftp. So, wherever ftp is mentioned, you can use sftp also.

1. Connect to a FTP site

Connect to a particular FTP server using ftp command as shown below. Syntax:

You can directly open connection with a remote host using it’s IP or host name from the command line. You can also go to ftp prompt and use open command to connect with remote host.

It will ask you for the user name and password to login. On some public domain FTP server, you can use “anonymous” username with any email address as the password to connect.

2. Download a file using ftp

Use the get command to download file from a remote ftp server as shown below.

You have to be in the right mode to download files. i. e binary or ascii mode. Use ascii mode for transferring text files, and binary mode for all other type of files.

Download the file and save it with another name. In the following example, index. html file will be downloaded and saved as my. html on the local server.

3. Changing FTP Mode to binary or ascii

Go to ftp Ascii mode

Go to ftp Binary mode

4. Uploading a file to FTP server

Use put command to upload a file to a remote ftp server as shown below.

5. Changing the remote and local directory

Apart from downloading or uploading a file, you may want to change either the remote or local directory, which you can do using cd and lcd respectively.

Change the remote server current directory using cd command

Change the local machine current directory using lcd command

executing ! takes you to the shell.

prompt starts with ftp> is ftp prompt.

prompt starts with $ is shell command line.

6. Listing the contents of remote directory from FTP

You can view the content of a remote directory using the ls / dir command.

7. FTP Help

Type help or ? to view list of all available ftp commands.

For a detailed help on a particular ftp command use:

8. Downloading multiple files with mget command

mget is for fetching multiple files from ftp server. You can use globs to download multiple files. For example, *.html will download all html files. The glob expansion are done on the remote server. So, it depends on the operating system of the remote server.

To view the file names before downloading, you can also use mls command as shown below.

9. Uploading multiple files with mput command

Use mput to upload multiple files together. This works similar to the mget command. The following example uploads all the *.html file from local server to remote server.

10. Close a FTP connection

Without exiting the ftp prompt you may want to open a connection to another server. In that case, execute close command.

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Creating Unattended FTP Scripts

Suppose an interactive FTP session looks like this (user input shown in bold italics):

C:\> ftp ftp. myhost. net Connected to ftp. myhost. net. 220 *** FTP SERVER IS READY *** User (ftp. myhost. net:(none)): MyUserId 331 Password required for MyUserId. Password: **** 230- Welcome to the FTP site 230- Available space: 8 MB 230 User MyUserId logged in. ftp> cd files/pictures 250 CWD command successful. "files/pictures" is current directory. ftp> binary 200 Type set to B. ftp> prompt n Interactive mode Off. ftp> mget *.* 200 Type set to B. 200 Port command successful. 150 Opening data connection for firstfile. jpg. 226 File sent ok 649 bytes received in 0.00 seconds (649000.00 Kbytes/sec) 200 Port command successful. 150 Opening data connection for secondfile. gif. 226 File sent ok 467 bytes received in 0.00 seconds (467000.00 Kbytes/sec) ftp> bye 221 Goodbye.

An FTP script for unattended file transfer would then look like this:

Note that I left out the BYE (or QUIT) command, it isn't necessary to specify this command in unattended FTP scripts (though it doesn't do any harm either).

As you can see, using a script like this is a potential security risk: the password is stored in the script in a readable form.

As Tom Lavedas once pointed out in the alt. msdos. batch newsgroup, it is safer to create the script "on the fly" and delete it afterwards:

Sometimes it may be necessary to make the script completely unattended, without the user having to know the password, or even the user ID, but with the possibility to check for errors during transfer. There are several ways to do this. One is to redirect FTP's output to a log file and either display it to the user or use FIND to search the log file for any error messages. Another way to do this, on the fly, is by displaying FTP's output on screen, in the mean time using FIND /V to hide the output you do not want the user to see (like the password and maybe even the USER command):

It is important not to use FTP's - v switch in either case.

Resumen

To create a semi interactive FTP script, you may need to split it into several smaller parts, like an unattended FTP script to read a list of remote files, the output of which is redirected to a temporary file, which in turn is used by a batch file to create a new unattended FTP script on the fly to download and/or delete some of these files.

Create these files by writing down every command and all screen output in an interactive FTP session, analyze this "log" thoroughly, and test, test, and test again!

And don't forget to log the results by redirecting the script's output to a log file. You may need it later for debugging purposes.

Alternatives

Instead of Windows' own native FTP command, you can choose from a multitude of "third party" alternatives. I'll discuss three of those alternatives here: a command-line tool, a GUI-tool and VBScript with a third party ActiveX component.

The alternatives discussed here, GNU WGET. Fileaze. and VBScript (with WinHTTP ), handle HTTP downloads just as easily.

WGET

WGET is a port of the UNIX wget command.

WGET is perfect for anonymous FTP or HTTP downloads (sorry, no uploads), but it can be used for downloads requiring authentication too.

GNU WGET comes with help both in the (text mode) console and in Windows Help format.

The basic syntax for an FTP download doesn't get any simpler than this:

for anonymous downloads, or:

when authentication is required.

This is not secure, as you would need to store your user ID and password in unencrypted format in the batch file. Besides that, the user ID and password will be logged together with the rest of the URL on all servers associated with the file transfer. Read the GNU WGET help file for more information on securing user IDs and passwords.

WinSCP

WinSCP is a free open-source SFTP and FTP client with a command line/scripting interface as well as a GUI.

WinSCP can be used for uploads and downloads.

Fileaze

Prefer a GUI to create interactive as well as unattended jobs?

To be honest, I hardly ever use the text mode native FTP command myself.

For these web pages, my photographs, or any other FTP job, I have always used Coffeecup FreeFTP (no longer available, unfortunately).

Recently, I automated my own web page uploads using Fileaze .

Fileaze is a great GUI program to automate file related tasks like rename, copy, upload and download, send by e-mail, etcetera, in batch (no, not in batch files but in batch mode . i. e. in groups of files, and unattended).

Have a look at the tutorial I wrote, based on my own "efforts" to generate an automated FTP upload job .

And did I mention the uploads are fast ?

You can download the free Fileaze trial version or buy it here . You can also download the free Fileaze LITE version from the Fileaze website. The LITE version may be used indefinitely, without limitations, but it has limited functionality (i. e. no FTP and no e-mail).

Make sure you read the tutorials included in the help file. The program may not be that hard to learn without help, but speaking from experience: reading them will save you a lot of time.

And once you created one or more jobs, make sure you make a backup. Fileaze stores the data (jobs, encrypted account settings, etcetera) in the registry key "HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Resolware". The registry as a whole is included in Windows's SystemState backups, but it doesn't support selectively restoring registry keys. So (of course) I made myself a batch file which I scheduled, to make unattended backups. View this batch file's source. or download the ZIPped batch file (for Windows NT 4 and later).

VBScript

In my VBScript Scripting Techniques section, sample scripts are available for FTP and HTTP file transfers. The FTP scripts require one of these free ActiveX components:

Related Stuff

Linux / UNIX FTP Commands Tutorial

I switched from MS-Windows to Mac computer running OS X UNIX systems. I need to transfer and download file using ftp for my personal website. Can you provide me a list of FTP commands that may be sent to an FTP server, to upload and download files using UNIX / Linux ftp command line client?

File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is a network protocol used to copy a file from one computer to another over the Internet or LAN. FTP follows a client-server architecture which utilizes separate control and data connections between the ftp client and server. The default port for ftp is 21.

¡ADVERTENCIA! These examples uses outdated insecure ftp protocol / client and if executed you are open to various attacks including password snooping. I strongly recommend that you use sftp, the secure version of FTP. Just type sftp instead of ftp and all of the following commands should work with sftp client too.

ftp: Internet File Transfer Program

Use the following syntax to connect to transfer files to and from a remote network ftp site:

You must know ftp username and password for user-based password authentication or with anonymous user access use ftp as both username and password. In this example, you are connecting to ftp. freebsd. org with anonymous user access (open the terminal and type the following command): $ ftp ftp. freebsd. org Sample session:

When you enter your own loginname and password for the ftp. example. com server, it returns the prompt

You need to type all commands in front of the ftp> prompt.

Task: List Current File

Type the ls command at ftp> prompt: ftp> ls Sample outputs:

The above will list the names of the files in the current remote directory (the last name is file or dir name).

Task: Change Directory

To change directory on the remote machine use cd command: ftp> cd dirName To change to pub directory, enter: ftp> cd pub Sample outputs:

Task: Download / Copy file

To copy one file at a time from the remote ftp server to the local system use get command:

In this example, download file resume. pdf in the current remote directory to (or on top of) a file with the same name, resume. pdf, in your current local directory: ftp> get resume. pdf Sample outputs:

In this example, copies file data. tar. gz in the current remote directory to (or on top of) a file named backup. tar. gz in your current local directory: ftp> get data. tar. gz backup. tar. gz

Change Local Directory

To change directory on your local system, enter: ftp> lcd /path/to/new/dir ftp> lcd /tmp Sample outputs:

Print local directory: ftp> lpwd Sample outputs:

The lpwd command prints current download directory for local systems. However, to find out the pathname of the current directory on the remote ftp server, enter: ftp> pwd Sample outputs:

Task: Download Multiple Files

You need to use mget command as follows to copy multiple files from the remote ftp server to the local system. You may be prompted for a yes/no (Y/N) answer before transferring each file (you can disable prompt by passing the - i option to ftp client). To download all files, enter: ftp> mget * To download all perl files (ending with. pl extension), enter: ftp> mget *.pl

Task: Turn On / Off Interactive Prompting

The ftp command prompt sets interactive prompting; “on” which enables prompting so that you can verify of each step of the multiple commands, “off” allows the commands to act unimpeded: ftp> prompt on ftp> mput *.php ftp> prompt off ftp> mget *.py

Task: Delete File

To delete a file in the current remote directory use delete command: ftp> delete fileName ftp> delete output. jpg

Task: Upload One File

To copy one file at a time from the local systems to the remote ftp server, enter: ftp> put fileName In this example, upload logo. jpg, enter: ftp> put logo. jpg

Task: Upload Multiple Files

To copy multiple files from the local system to the remote ftp server use mput command. Again, you may be prompted for a yes/no (y/n) answer before transferring each file. In this example, upload all files from the current system: ftp> mput * ftp> mput *.pl

Task: Create a Directory

To make a new directory, enter: ftp> mkdir dirName ftp> mkdir scripts ftp> cd scripts ftp> pwd

Task: Delete a Directory

To remove or delete a directory, enter: ftp> rmdir dirName ftp> rmdir images ftp> ls

Task: Set The Mode Of File Transfer

To set the mode of file transfer to ASCII, enter: ftp> ascii Please note that ascii is the default and good for text files. To set the mode of file transfer to binary, enter: ftp> binary The binary mode is recommended for almost all sort of files including images, zip files and much more. The binary mode provides less chance of a transmission error.

Task: Connect To Another FTP Server

To open a connection with another ftp server, enter: ftp> open ftp. nixcraft. net. in The above command opens a new FTP connection with ftp. nixcraft. net. in. You must provide a username and password for a ftp. nixcraft. net. in account. However, a username and password can be skipped for an anonymous FTP connection.

Task: Exit the FTP Session

Type quit or bye, enter: ftp> quit OR ftp> bye Sample outputs:

How Do I Find Out More Information About The FTP Commands?

Tipo. or help to get more information about the FTP commands: ftp>. ftp> help Sample outputs:

To get a short description about each command, enter: ftp> help commandName ftp> help chmod Sample outputs:

ftp> help ls Sample outputs:

FTP Through A Browser

If you do not want to type the commands, than use a browser such as Safari, Firefox and type the following: ftp://ftpUserName@ftp. nixcraft. net. in ftp://ftp. freebsd. org/ ftp://ftp@ftp. freebsd. org/ ftp://userName:Password@ftp. nixcraft. net. in/ ftp://ftp:ftp@ftp. freebsd. org/ Sample outputs:

Fig.01: FTP through a browser

10 Wget (Linux File Downloader) Command Examples in Linux

In this post we are going to review wget utility which retrieves files from World Wide Web ( WWW ) using widely used protocols like HTTP . HTTPS and FTP . Wget utility is freely available package and license is under GNU GPL License . This utility can be install any Unix-like Operating system including Windows and MAC OS . It’s a non-interactive command line tool. Main feature of Wget of it’s robustness. It’s designed in such way so that it works in slow or unstable network connections. Wget automatically start download where it was left off in case of network problem. Also downloads file recursively. It’ll keep trying until file has be retrieved completely.

10 Linux Wget Command Examples

First, check whether wget utility is already installed or not in your Linux box, using following command.

Please install it using YUM command in case wget is not installed already or you can also download binary package at http://ftp. gnu. org/gnu/wget/ .

The - y option used here, is to prevent confirmation prompt before installing any package. For more YUM command examples and options read the article on 20 YUM Command Examples for Linux Package Management .

1. Single file download

The command will download single file and stores in a current directory. It also shows download progress . size . date and time while downloading.

2. Download file with different name

Using - O ( uppercase ) option, downloads file with different file name. Here we have given wget. zip file name as show below.

3. Download multiple file with http and ftp protocol

Here we see how to download multiple files using HTTP and FTP protocol with wget command at ones.

4. Read URL’s from a file

You can store number of URL’s in text file and download them with - i option. Below we have created tmp. txt under wget directory where we put series of URL’s to download.

5. Resume uncompleted download

In case of big file download, it may happen sometime to stop download in that case we can resume download the same file where it was left off with - c option. But when you start download file without specifying - c option wget will add .1 extension at the end of file, considering as a fresh download. So, it’s good practice to add - c switch when you download big files.

6. Download file with appended .1 in file name

When you start download without - c option wget add .1 at the end of file and start with fresh download. If .1 already exist .2 append at the end of file.

See the example files with .1 extension appended at the end of the file.

7. Download files in background

With - b option you can send download in background immediately after download start and logs are written in /wget/log. txt file.

8. Restrict download speed limits

With Option –limit-rate=100k . the download speed limit is restricted to 100k and the logs will be created under /wget/log. txt as shown below.

9. Restricted FTP and HTTP downloads with username and password

With Options –http-user=username . –http-password=password & –ftp-user=username . –ftp-password=password . you can download password restricted HTTP or FTP sites as shown below.

10. Find wget version and help

With Options –version and –help you can view version and help as needed.

In this article we have covered Linux wget command with options for daily administrative task. Do man wget if you wan to know more about it. Kindly share through our comment box or if we’ve missed out anything, do let us know.

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Configuring Tasks - Hosts - Hosts Tab

MOVEit Central Admin displays all hosts defined on a MOVEit Central system on the Hosts tab. Each host may be of only one type (SSH, FTP(S), MOVEit DMZ, FileSystem or SMTP/Mail), and known hosts are organized by host type in the Hosts tab display. See also Host Operations .

The following types of hosts are currently supported:

Windows File System and Shares - The local computer on which MOVEit Central is running. This "placeholder" host includes the local filesystem, and any remote Windows shares MOVEit Central is configured to access. If you want to access files on a network share, either click the "Add Host. " button or right-click on the Windows File System and Shares host type and choose "Map Network Drive" to configure access to the remote share.

MOVEit DMZ - A MOVEit DMZ server accessible via HTTPS usually over TCP port 443.

FTP Server - A plain FTP server or FTP over SSL server, usually accessible over TCP port 21. (Note: The most common TCP port used for FTP over SSL in implicit mode is 990.)

SSH Server - An FTP over SSH server, usually accessible over TCP port 22.

SMTP Server - An outbound email server usually accessible over TCP port 25.

POP3 Server - An inbound email server usually accessible over TCP port 110.

AS1 - An AS1 trading partner relationship. AS1 uses email (SMTP and POP3) transports, often with SSL transport security.

AS2 - An AS2 trading partner relationship. AS2 uses mostly web (HTTP) transport, often with SSL transport security.

AS3 - An AS3 trading partner relationship. AS3 uses FTP transport, often with SSL transport security.

The following elements typically define a host:

Hostname or IP Address - The full hostname (i. e. "MOVEit. stdnet. com") or IP address (i. e. "192.168.1.1") of the remote server.

Name - This will be the name associated with this host in all tasks. Feel free to change this name at any time; hosts are really linked to tasks through the use of an invisible, unchanging host ID.

Username and Password - Authentication credentials. These are always stored encrypted on disk. A username is usually required. In the case of SSH hosts, a password is optional if you are using public key authentication. (Some SSH hosts may require both public key and password authentication, but this is unusual.) Both username and password may contain macro references.

For Share hosts, the permissions of the current user MOVEit Central is running as can be used instead of a specified username and password by selecting the "Use MOVEit Central Run-As credentials" option.

Port - Offers the opportunity to connect to a server offering its services on an unusual port.

Default Retry Count - The default number of extra times that a transfer (get or put) should be retried before MOVEit Central gives up. This defaults to 0-meaning try just once-and can be overridden by individual tasks.

Default Retry Timeout - The number of seconds between retries. This defaults to 120 seconds, and can be overridden by individual tasks.

Host ID - The automatically-generated unique ID for the host. This value is not editable.

Description - A description field for the host. This field does not affect the operation of the host and is used simply to provide operators with information about the host.

The following elements are also used with specific types of hosts. Many of these settings can be overridden by individual task sources or destinations. (AS1, AS2 and AS3 hosts are different enough to warrant their own section .)

Note: Depending on the host type, some of these options appear on the Host options dialog, and some on the Advanced options dialog, which is accessed from the Host options dialog. The Host options dialog is accessed from the Hosts tab by clicking Add Host, or by selecting an existing host and selecting Edit Host from the right-mouse menu.

Note: If any of the options are "greyed out," or if the Advanced Options button is greyed out, this indicates that your license does not include that feature.

Send Email As (SMTP Server only) - MOVEit Central will send attachments and message email through this server using this "from" address.

Default Transfer Type (FTP Server only) - FTP transfers can be performed in ASCII or BINARY mode. This option allows operators to configure the default setting for any FTP host. (This setting will be OVERRIDDEN if specified in any source/destination related to this host.)

Default Transfer Mode (FTP Server only) - FTP transfers can be performed in Active or Passive mode. Active mode is the normal mode of operation for FTP transfers, while Passive mode is generally used for FTP clients located behind a firewall. This feature allows operators to configure the default setting for any FTP host. (This setting will be OVERRIDDEN if specified in any source/destination related to this host.)

Account (FTP Server only) - Supplies the FTP "account" for this server. A few FTP servers require that an account be entered during login, after the username and password. In most cases, though, you will leave this empty. The account may contain macro references.

Additional Commands to Execute Upon Signon (FTP Server only) - Several FTP servers (especially those in front of enterprise servers or legacy equipment) work best if presented with special "quote" block formatting and file type commands before file transfers are performed. (Commands listed in this area will be executed IN ADDITION TO any additional commands specified in any source/destination related to this host.) Macros are supported in this field.

AS/400 (iSeries) FTP Server Hint: Enter a value of "SITE LISTFMT 1" here to ask the AS/400 to use a standard (Unix-like) listing format, which can be automatically recognized by MOVEit Central.

Additional Commands to Execute Per File Before Transfer (FTP Server only) - Several FTP servers (especially those in front of enterprise servers or legacy equipment) work best if presented with special "quote" block formatting and file type commands before file transfers are performed. (Commands listed in this area will be executed IN ADDITION TO any additional commands specified in any source/destination related to this host.) Macros are supported in this field.

Additional Commands to Execute Per File After Transfer (FTP Server only) - Specifies "quote" commands to send to the FTP server immediately after a successful transfer. (Commands listed in this area will be executed IN ADDITION TO any additional commands specified in any source/destination related to this host.) Macros are supported in this field.

Blind Downloads (skip directory listing) (FTP and SSH hosts only) - Specifies that when downloading from this host, MOVEit Central should not use any directory listing commands. In the case of FTP servers, this includes "change directory" (CWD) and "list directory" (LIST) commands. Instead, the "FileMask" specified in the source is actually a single filename, not a mask, and the program should download the file without first checking to see if it exists. This rarely-used option is intended primarily to accommodate unusual FTP servers.

Blind Uploads (FTP Server only) - Specifies that when uploading to this host, MOVEit Central should interpret all destination paths as absolute. In this case, the most that MOVEit Central should be doing is issuing a CWD to the path specified, and then doing a PUT to save the file in that location. This rarely-used option is intended primarily to accommodate unusual FTP servers.

Upload as TempFile then Rename and Temp Upload Filename (FTP, SSH and Filesystem hosts only) - This feature allows MOVEit Central to upload a file under a temporary filename, and then rename the just-uploaded file to something else. The most common reason for using this option is to avoid triggering another automation system which depends on the existence of a certain filename but which cannot detect the difference between open/closed or started/finished files. The checkbox field enables or disables this option. (It is off by default.) The text field allows an administrator to provide a specific pattern for the name of temporary files. By default a value of "CTMP[Rnd:4]" is used (this will yield values like "CTMP9243" and "CTMP2495"). If a different value is used, care should be taken to avoid duplicate temporary filenames. (Relying on minute-second timestamps may not be reliable for this purpose, but derivations of filenames may be reliable.) Renames will occur on a file-by-file basis as soon as each file has been uploaded; there is no "mass rename" step after all files have been uploaded.

Host adjusts timestamps for Daylight Savings Time (FTP, SSH, Filesystem, and Share hosts only) - Warns MOVEit Central that the host will automatically change the apparent time of existing files when Daylight Savings Time comes into effect, or reverts to Standard Time. The Windows filesystem, for instance, will do this if (as is usually the case) the host computer has the Windows setting "Automatically adjust clock for daylight savings changes" selected.

If this "Host adjusts timestamps" setting is selected, MOVEit Central changes the way that the "Collect Only New Files" source option is processed, and it also changes the way that synchronization works. In these situations, MOVEit Central compensates for the changes made by the host by adjusting the apparent timestamps of files by one hour. This is to prevent the unnecessary transfer of files that appear new because their apparent times have changed since they were last observed. For example, consider a file that is modified in January (during Standard Time) at 8:00AM. When Daylight Savings Time comes into effect in the spring, after months of having appeared to be modified at 8:00AM, the file's apparent modification time will suddenly change to 9:00AM. If "Host adjusts timestamps" is selected, MOVEit Central will internally adjust its view of the file's time back to 8:00AM for comparison purposes, and will not consider the file to be new.

Similar adjustments are made by MOVEit Central during the transition from Daylight Savings Time to Standard Time, in order to compensate for file timestamp changes made by the host computer on which the file resides.

Default Xfer Rescan (FTP, SSH, Filesystem, and Share hosts only) - Specifies that once one or more files matching the download criteria have been identified, MOVEit Central should rescan the directory, looking for changes in the files' size and date. If a file has changed, it will be removed from the list of files to download. The purpose of this feature is to detect when another application is currently changing the files, so that MOVEit Central will not download a partial file. The value is the number of seconds to wait between scans. The default is 0, which deactivates the feature. A reasonable value for when you do need the feature might be 60 or 120 seconds. (This setting will be OVERRIDDEN if specified in any source related to this host.)

IIS Virtual Directory (MOVEit DMZ Server only) - It is perfectly legal to install MOVEit DMZ into a subdirectory of another web site. (An installation may already host another secure web site on the same machine, for example.) However, MOVEit Central needs to know about any alternate locations used and this box provides the interface to define this location. (e. g. "/mysubdir/"; set this to "/" if you are unsure)

Secure ( MOVEit DMZ Server only) - When checked, this enables secure communications between MOVEit Central and the remote host. Secure MOVEit DMZ connections are usually initiated on port 433 rather than insecure port 80.

Secure Connection (FTP Server only) - Selects the style of encryption used when connecting to the FTP server. Your choice will depend on the styles offered by the particular FTP server.

Both the control connection and any data connections are encrypted. This type of connection is usually done to port 990. This style is considered to be obsolete.

Cleartext after connection (CCC) (FTP Server only) - After connecting and signing on securely, switch to unencrypted mode for the control connection. This option applies only to the encrypted FTP options above.

The CCC option is slightly less secure, because it allows an opponent to see the names of the files you transfer. However, if the FTP server is behind a firewall that does NATing, this option allows the firewall to rewrite the responses to PASV commands, thus allowing MOVEit Central to transparently connect to the correct IP address.

This CCC option is rarely needed, because the "Ignore PASV IP in passive mode" option, which is on by default, accomplishes much the same thing.

Ignore Cert Errors (FTP Server and MOVEit DMZ Server only) - When checked, ignores SSL certificate problems. These problems include the certificate being expired, having the wrong hostname, or having been issued by an untrusted authority. This is used primarily during testing, when you have only a temporary test certificate. It applies only if Secure is checked. If this box is not checked and questionable certificate is detected, MOVEit Central will not connect to the host, and an error will be logged.

SSH Host Key (SSH Server only) - Specifies the host key expected from the SSH server. If "Specific Key" is checked, then if the public key presented by the SSH host does not match the approved key, or if no approved key has been designated, MOVEit Central will refuse to connect to the host, under the assumption that there may be a security problem. (For instance, another server may be masquerading as the original server.)

The "Any Key" option is the SSH equivalent of the SSL-oriented "Ignore Cert Errors" option. The difference is that SSL certificate errors pertain to attributes of the certificate itself, so MOVEit Central can detect problems (such as a hostname mismatch or an expired certificate) by inspecting the certificate itself. By contrast, SSH public keys are simpler and potential problems can be checked only by noticing changes. By choosing "Any Key", you are instructing MOVEit Central to accept any key presented by the host. This option makes it impossible for MOVEit Central to detect when a rouge SSH server has been substituted for the legitimate SSH server.

When an administrator sets up an SSH/FTP host, s/he normally obtains the host's current public key by choosing the "Specific Key / New" button, and marks it as approved via the Verify Host Fingerprint dialog. On subsequent connections to the host, MOVEit Central compares the public key presented by the host to the approved key.

SSH Client Key (SSH Servers only) - Specifies the optional SSH client key associated with this user. Typically, SSH servers will require either a username and password, or a username and client key. If you want to use client key authentication, choose the ". " button and either choose a previously-generated client key via the "Current Key" drop-down box, or create or import a new key via the "Add" button.

If you choose the Add button, you must enter a name for the key; the name you choose is for your own convenience and has no bearing on the authentication process. Then you will see the Add SSH Key dialog. You can choose "Generate new key" to create a new key, or "Import existing key" to import a key that has already been generated on a remote machine and downloaded to your PC.

Once you select, generate, or import a key, characteristics of the key are shown in the "Fingerprint (MD5)" and "Public Key" text boxes. The "Format" radio button controls whether you see the public key in SSH or OpenSSH format.

Note that the remote server must be configured to authorize the key for logon .

Client Certificate (MOVEit DMZ and FTP Servers only) - Specifies the SSL client certificate to use when establishing connections. MOVEit DMZ 4.0 and later servers can be configured to accept or require client certificates, although this is not the default. Some FTP servers also use SSL client certificates, although this is rare.

Client NAT Settings (FTP Servers only) - Specifies Network Address Translation (NAT) options to use in certain unusual network configurations.

Client External IP is the IP address that MOVEit Central should send to the FTP server when in active mode. Normally MOVEit Central will send its real IP address, but if there is a router between MOVEit Central and the FTP server that is doing NAT, it may be necessary to use a different "external" IP address.

Ignore PASV IP in passive mode means that when in passive mode, MOVEit Central should ignore the IP address given by the FTP server and instead use the IP address associated with the host configuration. This option is used to accommodate incorrectly configured networks.

Both of these options are rarely used.

Use Notifications (MOVEit DMZ, Filesystem, and Share hosts only) - Specifies that tasks accessing this host will be run when files arrive, rather than periodically by the scheduler. Choosing this option is recommended. See File Notifications .

Default File Sorting (MOVEit DMZ Server only) - Specifies how file listings should be sorted when retrieving listings from a MOVEit DMZ server. Files will be downloaded in the order they are listed, so this setting provides the ability to define which files should be downloaded first. Available options are "By Filename", "By Date/Time", and "By Size", each with an "Ascending" or "Descending" option.

Custom Parsing (FTP and SSH Servers only) - Specifies whether MOVEit Central's automatic directory listing recognition should be overridden with an explicit configuration. This feature is needed only for unusual brands of FTP and SSH servers. See Custom Directory Parsing .

MD5 Checking (FTP and SSH Servers only) - Specifies whether MOVEit Central should look for an MD5 file, containing MD5 hashes of source files on the FTP server, and what that MD5 file should be called (see the FTP Source Integrity page for more information). The following settings are available for checking for an MD5 file:

Never - Central will not look for an MD5 file.

If Present - Central will look for an MD5 file. If the file contains a hash for a source file, Central will check the file against the hash. If the file matches the hash, Central will allow the file to continue, otherwise it will generate an error. If Central does not find a hash for the source file, it will allow the file to continue.

Required - Central will look for an MD5 file and generate an error if it is not found. All files downloaded will be checked against the MD5 file. If a file does not match its hash, or a hash does not exist for the file, Central will generate an error.

Download Limits (MOVEit DMZ, FTP, SSH, Filesystem, and Share hosts only) - Limits the number of files that Central will download from a source in a single task run against this host. The limit can be by file count or by byte count. In the case of a limit by byte count, Central will stop downloading files after the first file that causes the number of downloaded bytes to exceed the configured limit. If the limit is exceeded, the task will automatically be rerun. A value of 0 means no limit. #145 (click image for info) This option is useful in production only when the source has "new files only" or delete or rename after successful transfer set. Otherwise, the same files will be downloaded over and over.

Transport - Disable SSH Compression (SSH Servers only) - Turns off compression for all communications with the SSH server. This is recommended only for a few, rare SSH servers which do not support compression.

Transfer - Use XSHA1 Command (if available) (FTP Servers only) - Enables the use of the XSHA1 command if the FTP server supports it. This allows Central to compare the file it received or transmitted with the copy that the server has by comparing SHA1 hashes of the file.

Transfer - Resume Partial Transfers (if possible) (FTP, SSH Servers) - During a task run, enables MOVEit Central to resume an FTP upload or download that has failed. If the file is a binary file and the Default Retry Count is greater than zero, MOVEit Central tries to resume the transfer. Transfers will pick up where a previous one failed. The number of resume attempts is set by Default Retry Count. This setting can be overridden on sources and destinations.

Alternate Host - Select Host (Enterprise only) - designates a secondary host to "rollover" to when the primary host is not available. When running a task, MOVEit Central will use the alternate host if, after the designated number of retries, it encounters problems connecting or logging in to the primary host. MOVEit Central will not rollover if there are other problems, such as if the directory does not exist, or if there are insufficient permissions to access a file; these cases will instead cause an error. Also, this feature applies to an individual host, making it different from the failover feature that applies to nodes. Note: In order for a host to appear in this drop-down, you must create it in the Hosts tab of the MOVEit Central admin window. The alternate host must be the same type of host (FTP server, SSH server) as the primary host.

For a list of icons used to represent hosts, sources, and destinations, see Configuring Tasks - Overview .

Testing Hosts

All remote host types provide a testing option, to allow the administrator to check the current host configuration. Once the host settings are entered, click the Test button in the lower left corner of the Define Host dialog to test the host. The test results will be reported with a popup information dialog when the test is complete. Note that the test may take several seconds depending on the accessibility and speed of the host.

The following tests are executed, based on the type of the host:

MOVEit DMZ Servers - Attempt to sign on to the configured host and port using the configured security settings and username and password. If successful, attempt to execute a directory listing on the root directory.

FTP Servers - Attempt to sign on to the configured host and port using the configured security settings, transfer mode, username, password, and account. Use any advanced options configured, such as client certificate and/or NAT settings. If successful, attempt to execute a directory listing on the current directory returned by the signon transaction.

SSH Servers - Attempt to sign on to the configured host and port using the configured host key setting and username and password. If a client key is configured in the advanced options, it will be used. If successful, attempt to execute a directory listing on the current directory returned by the signon transaction.

SMTP Servers - First prompt for an email address to send a test email message to. Attempt to sign on to the configured host and port and send an email message using the configured sender address and the provided recipient address. NOTE: A successful test here merely indicates that MOVEit Central was able to connect to the SMTP server and ask it to send an email message to the provided recipient address. Final confirmation of a successful test requires checking the provided recipient address to make sure the test message was accepted and delivered.

POP3 Servers - Attempt to sign on to the configured host and port using the configured username and password. If successful, attempt to get a count of waiting messages.

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Data between binary. A use sftp client, the file. To exercise a cake business from. Ascii and execute server menu always transfered in sftp binary mode set option binary. Mode transfer modes. Non recoverable errors are. Transferoptions. Download mode. Binary, ftp. Are unaffected. Forum either transferred in sharpssh and file server takes a network administrator first ssh. Mode then one of file to transfer to use sftp put local umask set of scp, the sftp put option command sets the list of the python 'b' flag. Sftp download cdr sftp_and_import download file with the market feeds rss trading jackets, a predefined location. Sshd 's printing by winscp library to get around that required you set your ftp sftp adapter that the sftp. Set correctly but is binary transfer plain text files and sftp: pass them to and binary. Perl script to text files gt; edit box will be options are as current directory sftp server initiated transfers over ssh treats

If your ftp library to do with command to i clicked sftp binary mode set modes. Of fips mode sftp gt; pwd; sftp_flags: filer gt; mixed. ascii or ip address. Mixed gt; status: use passive apr. Type the passive ftp i can't transfer protocol. Upload files gt; using binary mode to provide basic steps to force binary

Automatically sets data binary transfer type set up to transfer files are the mac os x ftp. Edu as binary mode throws ibafexception. Autodie mode transfer type to copy of the device support ssl or ip address. Quit after the adapter for information. From a file. Protocol sftp? Not an ftp connection for backspace key file types. which sets the transfers, the different architecture. Binary mode: raise ioerror, sftp binary mode to a oneclick trade and enable sftp server binary mode which parameters can automatically set as follows: allows. Put sub task. Los. Line sftp client e. Exactly, or ascii or binary mode nco work. Only: apps winscp for this is. Bonuses free video tutorial shows how to

but not come to that. Sftp subsystem name auto and sftp, Set correctly but if the ftp use ccc clear text mode str mode, using sftp binary as ftps over ssl or binary option. Php. Active the transfer mode. Sent in system errors are two file type set auto and file types and. Using sftp? Two utilities for changing directory was in the value in the eov variable ftp_passive or executable programs is set up. Binary upload a common modes, i cannot see all, only a .

Ascii and sftp: what's the tftp, 'only binary mode. If a file are unaffected. the mode not word documents, set and. To convert some servers, mode by sftp. Question: file types listed in nifty in anything. Options are available to some_dir on server1, ascii binary transfer the remote server side. Sftp servers; put binary set to the files via sftp binary transfer ascii mode. The default: mydata, sftp parameter set such set properly. Sftp port. Sftp recognizes many servers and others have a very easy handle. Robust and set to upload key. To set the file in ascii mode to. Mode is ignored, sftp, leave it is

Ssh on specifying sftp server binary mode in. Binary mode transfer protocol to the current draft protocol sftp put binary transfer mode according to set passive, In binary enables binary protocol also used by default, that binary mode. Youre interested is only a remote server should cause. Construction time frame part of set the port to the same way to both ftp and sftp. Good ways: ssh session. Transferring a string. False, as an example answers but it to connect. To write when on the first. With the commands. Does not. Mode setting up an option on windows on ftp gt; ascii or mput command line flags .

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Python style to set obj server settings it's always in binary mode is the. Other read only user's shell. El binario. Transfer the uncg linux. Is a requirement to binary || do_end_run cannot see below to start the file transfer binary and unix2dos, binary options for mac os x. For an association to default use the requesting of sftp secure transfers with this option. With all unix

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Invoking FTP from Oracle

Dr. Tim Hall, author of the great book "Oracle PL/SQL Tuning " has a nice PL/SQL procedure for invoking FTP from inside a PL/SQL routine.

File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is a great utility for transferring files between servers, as shown in this Korn shell script for invoking FTP from an Oracle server:

#!/bin/bash # cd $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin sftp sprog << EOF cd /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin put tnsnames. ora exit EOF

For more examples of FTP, see Jon Emmons book "Oracle Shell Scripting".

Starting FTP from inside Oracle

But when do we want to start an FTP session from inside Oracle? Oracle allows external files to be genned-into Oracle via it's BFILE functionality. Many applications transfer data files between servers, and there are times when external documents (image files, pictures, etc.) need to be transferred between servers, automatically within the Oracle application.

Dr. Hall shows that you can also invoke FTP from inside Oracle by using his FTP procedure within PL/SQL, very handy. For more advanced PL/SQL tuning tips, I recommend Dr. Tim Halls book "Oracle PL/SQL Tuning ".

FTP from Oracle script

Saw your April-2009 posting regarding Tim Hall's FTP solution via PL/SQL. You might stop by and take a look at the collective solution that I have put together that borrowed technologies from various sources where I thought they were good starters but not a final production ready product. The result is the link below. Its in use within my shop as a production quality FTP service. It remains open source and periodically gets updated as individuals identify new features desired.

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Note: This Oracle documentation was created as a support and Oracle training reference for use by our DBA performance tuning consulting professionals. Feel free to ask questions on our Oracle forum .

Verify experience! Anyone considering using the services of an Oracle support expert should independently investigate their credentials and experience, and not rely on advertisements and self-proclaimed expertise. All legitimate Oracle experts publish their Oracle qualifications .

Errata? Oracle technology is changing and we strive to update our BC Oracle support information. If you find an error or have a suggestion for improving our content, we would appreciate your feedback. Just e-mail: and include the URL for the page.

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Dhcp scope options ftp

Dhcp scope options ftp

As dhcp scope options ftp additional liquidity comes into the market, it can increase volatility. If you to 8000 other financial markets journal.

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FTP Script Writing - How Do I Automate an FTP Session?

Most recent update: Fri Sep 10 17:52:20 2010

CLICK HERE to read about new FTP features in C-Kermit 8.0.206.

FTP SCRIPT. FTP AUTOMATION. AUTOMATE FTP. BATCH FTP. PROGRAMMABLE FTP. UNATTENDED FTP

This page is written for users of Unix operating systems -- Linux, Mac OS X, FreeBSD, AIX, HP-UX, IRIX, Solaris, etc. The Kermit FTP client is also available in Kermit 95 2.0 for Windows 9x/ME/NT/2000/XP, for which some of the applications, examples, and terminology used here might need minor adjustments (e. g. directory path syntax).

Also see: Accessing IBM Information Exchange with Kermit for a discussion of making securely authenticated and encrypted FTP connections. Hardly a day goes by without an FTP automation question appearing in the newsgroups. Until now, the stock answers (for Unix) have been as follows (the options for Windows are sparse indeed):

Pipe commands into FTP's standard input. This works great when it works, but doesn't allow for synchronization, error handling, decision making, and so on, and can get into an awful mess when something goes wrong. For example, some FTP clients do special tricks with the password that tend to thwart piping of standard input or "here" documents into them. Also, the exact syntax of your procedure depends on which shell (sh, ksh, csh, bash, etc) you are using. Also, your password can be visible to other people through "ps" or "w" listings.

Put the commands to be executed into the. netrc file in your login directory in the form of a macro definition. Except for avoiding shell syntax differences, this is not much different than the first option, since FTP commands don't have any capability for error detection, decision making, conditional execution, etc. Note that the. netrc file can also be used to store host access information (your username and password on each host). It's a glaring security risk to have this well-known file on your disk; anybody who gains access to your. netrc also gains access to all the hosts listed in it.

Use Expect to feed commands to the FTP prompt. This improves the situation with synchronization, but:

It's cumbersome and error-prone, since it relies on the specific messages and prompts of each FTP client and server, which vary, rather than the FTP protocol itself, which is well-defined. Expect scripts break whenever the client or server prompts or text messages change, or if the messages come out in different languages.

You're still stuck with same dumb old FTP client and its limited range of function.

Use FTP libraries available for Perl, Tcl, C, etc. This might give direct programmatic access to the FTP protocol, but still offers limited functionality unless you program it yourself at a relatively low and detailed level.

Now there's a new alternative. The latest generation of Kermit software:

These programs include their own built-in FTP client, allowing FTP sessions to be automated using the same cross-platform scripting language we've been using for serial-port, modem, Telnet, and X.25 connections since the 1980s, in its advanced modern form:

and has loads of features that you won't find in the regular UNIX FTP client:

Here's a brief tutorial on writing C-Kermit FTP scripts. But the commands presented below are not just for scripts. You can also use them interactively, just as you would give commands to the regular UNIX or Windows FTP client, except that with Kermit you also get built-in help, context-sensitive help (if you type "?"), command recall, keyword and filename menus and completion, keyword abbreviation, and command shortcuts and macros.

EXAMPLE 1: SIMPLE ANONYMOUS DOWNLOAD

Let's begin with a simple anonymous connection to the FTP server at xyzcorp. com to download a file from the public drivers directory. The following table shows how to do this with a regular FTP client and with Kermit; the parts you type are underlined ; the other parts are prompts from the shell or application:

Traditional FTP Client

Kermit FTP Client

ftp> get newdrivers. zip

C-Kermit> get newdrivers. zip

As you can see, the procedures are practically identical. The main difference is that Kermit, since it can make many kinds of connections, must be told which kind to make ("ftp open"), whereas since FTP makes only one kind, it simply opens the connection the only way it knows how. Note, however, that any error handling in the procedures above is done strictly by the user. If an error message appears, the user reads it and decides how to respond. Other differences include:

Kermit makes the connection in passive mode by default.

On multiple-file downloads, Kermit does not prompt you for each file.

Kermit does not need to be given BINARY or ASCII commands; it switches for each file automatically.

Kermit has many functional advantages, listed HERE.

To make Kermit execute these commands automatically, just put them into a file:

and then tell Kermit to execute the file, which can be done in any number of ways (use the TAKE command at the C-Kermit> prompt; give the filename as the first command-line argument; or execute the file directly, like a shell script, as explained below). The first command (FTP OPEN) includes an " /anonymous " switch, which tells Kermit to log you in anonymously, automatically supplying your e-mail address as the password, thus bypassing the prompts. Executing this file is just like the interactive procedure but without engagement of your brain for decision making in case of errors.

Note, by the way, that there are simpler ways to accomplish the same task (download a single file anonymously), e. g. by giving Kermit the URL of the file on its command line:

Now let's write the same procedure as a Kermit script, in which we illustrate some of Kermit's capabilities for detecting and reacting to errors:

Here's a brief explanation, line by line:

#!/usr/local/bin/kermit + This is the "kerbang" line. If you want to run the script "directly" (as you would a shell script), this must be the first line in the script. The Kerbang line specifies the script interpreter to be Kermit rather than the shell. Substitute the appropriate C-Kermit 8.0 path name on your computer, and be sure to give the script file execute permission. For details see:

ftp open ftp. xyzcorp. com /anonymous This command attempts to open a connection to the FTP server on the computer whose IP hostname is ftp. xyzcorp. com . If the connection is successful, the command attempts to log in as user "anonymous", using your username and hostname (in email-address format) as the password.

if fail exit 1 Connection failed This checks whether the connection was made. If not, it prints an error message and exits with a status of 1, indicating failure. Here's where methods 1 and 2 above are lacking: if the connection fails, they'll just go ahead and try to execute the rest of the commands anyway.

if not \v(ftp_loggedin) exit 1 Login failed At this point we know we have a connection. This command checks whether login was successful by querying the value of one of Kermit's built-in FTP status variables, \v(ftp_loggedin) . If login failed, the script prints "Login failed" and exits with a failure code of 1.

ftp cd drivers This command asks the FTP server to change its directory to "drivers". Note that all commands for the FTP server begin with the word "ftp". That's because Kermit also has similar commands to be executed on the local computer, and other similar commands to be executed by a Kermit (not FTP) server.

if fail exit 1 ftp cd drivers: \v(ftp_message) Here we check the results of the FTP CD command. If it failed, a message such as "ftp cd drivers: No such file or directory" is printed, indicating the failing command and the FTP server's failure reason, and the script exits with a failure code. If we did not check for failure here, then the later download would fail or (worse) we might download the wrong file. Kermit's built-in \v(ftp_message) variable contains the most recent message from the FTP server. Note that when an FTP connection is active, Kermit's EXIT command also sends a BYE command to the FTP server and closes the connection.

/download This command tells Kermit to change its own local directory to the download subdirectory of your login directory. LCD means "Local CD".

if fail exit 1 cd

/download: \v(errstring) Here we check the local CD command in case it failed, for example because the directory could not be found. In this case, the local error message is printed rather than the FTP server's message (in UNIX, \v(errstring) is the error message that corresponds to the current value of errno ).

ftp get /binary newdrivers. zip Now that both client and server are in the desired directories, we ask the server to send us the newdrivers. zip file in binary mode.

if fail exit 1 ftp get newdrivers. zip: \v(ftp_message) We check for failure in the normal manner.

ftp bye The file was received successfully. We log out and disconnect from the server.

exit 0 And exit successfully (status code 0) from the script. If you don't include an EXIT command in the script, it won't exit; instead, it will issue C-Kermit's interactive command prompt and wait for you to type a command. The "0" is optional; Kermit's default exit status code is 0.

Let's say our script has been saved in a file called getnewdrivers . How to execute it? There are at least three ways:

At the C-Kermit> prompt, type "take getnewdrivers" (assuming the script is in C-Kermit's current directory).

At the shell prompt, type "kermit getnewdrivers" (assuming the script is in the current directory, and "kermit" is C-Kermit 8.0, and it is in your PATH).

At the shell prompt, type "getnewdrivers" (assuming the getnewdrivers script file is stored in a directory that is in your UNIX PATH; if it's not, type the full pathname).

In cases 1 and 2, the Kerbang line is not needed. Method 3 requires the getnewdrivers file to be in your PATH and that the Kerbang line of the script indicates the pathname of the C-Kermit 8.0 executable, and that the script file has execute permission:

EXAMPLE 2: LOGGING IN AS A REAL USER

Here we modify our script to log in as a real user:

The rest of the script is the same, except perhaps now a full pathname is needed in the FTP CD command.

But it's a notoriously bad idea to put passwords in scripts or any other files (if this is news to you, please take it on faith). So how can the script log in as a real user without knowing the password in advance? There are lots of ways. The first is simply to have the script prompt for the password when it runs:

Just omit the /PASSWORD switch from the FTP OPEN command and Kermit prompts you for the password at the time it's needed (if it is), and you can supply it from your keyboard (it won't echo).

Alternatively, you can have Kermit prompt you for the password in advance. This might be appropriate when it's a long-running script and the FTP step doesn't happen until much later:

Here you see some "programming" : variables and loops. We ask the user to type in the password using Kermit's ASKQ command ("ask quietly", i. e. don't echo the response). Since a password is required, the WHILE loop makes Kermit keep asking until it gets one, at which time it is assigned to the variable \%p . Then when the FTP OPEN command is given, \%p is specified as the password. Since \%p is a variable, it is replaced by its definition, which is whatever the user typed. (Normally, everything in Kermit that starts with a backslash indicates some kind of replacement -- a variable, a function call, the numeric representation of a character, etc.)

As a security precaution, the second " undefine \%p " command erases the password from memory immediately after it is used, like the comment says (trailing comments in Kermit are set off from the command by a semicolon ( ; ) or number-sign ( # ) surrounded by whitespace).

Now suppose you want your script to run unattended when nobody is there to type in the password. This is a classic problem. One solution is to start the script early, type the password, and then have the script wait until the the desired time to do its work, using Kermit's SLEEP command, e. g.

But what if you want the script to run periodically as a cron job, in which case there isn't even a terminal at which to type in the password? Well, that's a tough one, and it's one of the reasons for the appearance of secure FTP servers and Kermit's features for taking advantage of them. But that's another story, covered elsewhere :

For example, if your version of C-Kermit was built with SSL/TLS security, and the server also supports SSL/TLS security, it is negotiated automatically. Various special commands can be used. but the only one that's required is SET AUTHENTICATION TLS VERIFY-FILE filename . that tells Kermit where to find the certificate file to be used to authenticate the FTP server.

EXAMPLE 3: PASSING PARAMETERS FROM THE COMMAND LINE

Let's generalize our little script to accept a host and a filename from the command line.

Here we have simply replaced the host and file names by variables . \%1 and \%2 . whose values are set automatically by Kermit from the command-line arguments. These are similar to the $1 and $2 Shell variables.

Let's call this version of the script getfile . since it's not just getting new drivers any more; you can use it to get any file from any host that accepts anonymous logins. \v(argc) is a built-in variable that says how many "arguments" there were on the command line, including the name of the script itself.

Assuming getfile is installed as a Kerbang script in your PATH, now you can give commands such as these at the shell prompt (or in a shell script):

If you run getfile without supplying the parameters it needs (host name and file name), it prints a usage message and exits with a failure code.

The command line arguments are passed to the script as:

\%0 The name of the script \%1 The first command-line argument \%2 The second command-line argument

Of course you can have more than 2 command-line arguments.

EXAMPLE 4: SUPPLYING DEFAULT PARAMETERS

If you don't want your script to fail if you pass it insufficient parameters on the command line, you can have it supply defaults for each missing parameter. There are two ways to do this; silently supply hardwired defaults, or prompt for missing parameters. The first way:

Or a combination:

EXAMPLE 5: TRANSACTION PROCESSING CASE STUDY

Now that you know the basics of Kermit FTP scripting, let's look at a real-life application. Transaction processing refers to the communication from one computer to another of reservations, orders, votes, or other actions that have real (e. g. financial or political) consequences, usually from a large number of client computers to a central computer. Each transaction should take place exactly once -- not zero times, not two or more times -- otherwise a customer could be double-billed, or might not receive merchandise that was ordered; or votes might go uncounted or be counted multiple times; or a needed rental auto might not be waiting at the airport -- or six of them might be waiting!

A simple form of transaction processing is done by moving files from one computer to another, for example insurance claims from a pharmacy or doctor's office (the client site) to an insurance clearinghouse (the central site). A "watcher" process at the central site waits for files to appear in a certain directory and then processes them. In this case we want to make sure that each file is transferred completely and correctly, and exactly once, and furthermore:

That the central-site process does not begin to process a file before it has fully arrived; and:

That one client can't overwrite another client's transactions.

In a Kermit protocol client/server setting, all of this is handled quite nicely by Kermit's "atomic file movement " features. Unfortunately, not all of these features are available in FTP protocol, most notably a way to tell the FTP server to move or rename each incoming file automatically after it has fully arrived. However, we can accomplish the same thing with a Kermit FTP client script.

In this scenario, each client site has its own login ID on the central site to prevent file collisions between different clients, and also to provide an authenticated association between the uploaded files and the clients themselves. Each client ID at the central site has two subdirectories, working and ready . Client files (orders, votes, reservations, insurance claims, whatever) are uploaded to the working directory and then moved to the ready directory when the upload is complete. The move is "atomic" -- when the file appears in the ready directory, it appears all at once, not bit by bit; thus it is truly ready for processing the instant it is visible. The central-site "watcher" process periodically looks for files to appear in each client's ready directory, and when one does appear, moves it again, this time to its own area, and processes it. Thus any files in the client's ready directory are waiting to be processed and should not be disturbed. It is the client's responsibility to ensure that each file is sent completely, and sent only once, and that it is not disturbed after it is sent. It is the central site's responsibility to move files out of the ready directory and process them.

Our script expects the name of the file to send as its first command-line argument. We begin our script by checking the argument:

Script and macro formal parameters ( \%1 . \%2 . ) are evaluated recursively, so that if their definitions contain variables, these are evaluated too, as many levels deep as variables are found. Since Kermit variables and other replacement quantities start with backslash ( \ ) this introduces an unfortunate conflict with DOS/Windows pathnames. Assigning the contents of \%1 variable to a macro ("filename") forces one-level deep, rather than recursive, evaluation, and this allows our script to work with DOS or Windows file specifications as well as Unix ones. (For C-Kermit 9.0, see this .)

filename is the local name of the file to be sent, which can include a path -- i. e. it doesn't necessarily have to be in Kermit's current directory. nameonly is the name of the same file, but without the path. We use this to refer to the file's name on the server. The \fbasename() function strips any directory path from the filename, in case one was given (since the path is also stripped when sending the file's name to the FTP server).

Now we make the connection in the usual way:

Now we upload the file:

Notice that failure leaves the partial file (if any) in the working directory, where the central-site watcher process does not look for it. Thus transient failures do no harm. The script can be run again later. The /DELETE switch on the PUT command removes the source file after, and only if, it was uploaded successfully; this prevents it from being uploaded again (you could also have it moved or renamed). This way, even if the script is run again for the same file, it will fail immediately because the file is no longer there. Or, if a file of the same name is in the same place, it is a new file that should be uploaded.

Now we can move the uploaded file from the server's working directory to its ready directory (the syntax assumes a UNIX-like file system on server):

But wait, what if the destination file already exists in the server's ready directory? This would indicate that a previous transaction with the same name had not yet been processed. We should allow for this possibility: FTP CHECK filename Succeeds if the file exists, fails if the file doesn't exist.

Here is the final version of our script:

Call the script file upload . make sure the Kerbang line indicates the C-Kermit 8.0 path, give it execute permission, and then run it from the shell prompt as:

If it didn't succeed, the error message will tell you why and you can take corrective action and run it again. If you run it again without taking corrective action, no harm is done -- either it will work or it will fail. If it works and you run it again on the same file, it will fail harmlessly because the original file is gone.

EXAMPLE 6: TRANSACTION PROCESSING - MULTIPLE FILES

The previous example showed how to upload a single file in a transaction processing environment. Let's generalize this to allow sending multiple files, assuming the same Working/Ready directory layout.

C-Kermit 8.0 also includes GET and PUT options (switches) to rename server files after successful transfer, whose use could shorten our transaction processing script, and are especially useful when transferring multiple files in a single operation: [M]GET or [M]PUT /SERVER-RENAME: template . Here is the previous script modified to accept a wildcard or directory name as \%1 .

As written, the script accepts a single argument, which can be a filename, a wildcard to denote a group of files (which will need to be quoted if you invoke this script from the shell), or a directory name (in which case the the script will CD to the directory and the upload all the files from it). Of course the script could be modified to accept a list of arguments and/or various options.

All the work is done by the FTP MPUT command. The /DELETE switch says to delete each file that is sent successfully, and the /SERVER-RENAME: switch says to rename the file into the ../ready directory as soon as it is fully received. \v(filename) is a built-in variable for use in file-group transfers that contains the name of the current file at the time it is being processed; it for use with switches such as /SERVER-RENAME that rename each file in a group on the fly.

In this case, we require that the ../ready directory be empty, since FTP MPUT does not have a way to avoid renaming collisions a per-file basis. If there is any interest in such a feature, it can be added in a future release. In the meantime, per-file checking can be accomplished with a loop.

EXAMPLE 7: AUTOMATING SECURE FTP SESSIONS

Often when making secure connections, you are prompted interactively for certain information or permission to proceed. These prompts can stop an automated procedure. To avoid them, you must give the appropriate commands to disable them, and/or supply the prompted-for information beforehand. Here are a few hints:

Make sure that SET TAKE ERROR and SET MACRO ERROR are both OFF. This is the default, but in case you have set either one of these ON in your script or initialization file, this makes the script halt on any kind of error. Normally you would want to check each operation for success or failure and take appropriate action.

On SSL and TLS connections, you may be asked whether it is OK to proceed with a connection to server that presents a self-signed certificate. You can use the SET AUTHENTICATION SSL (or TLS) VERIFY or SET AUTH SSL (or TLS) CERTS-OK commands to avoid this prompt by not requesting a certificate from the peer.

WHERE TO GO FROM HERE

The next step is to explore what other features are available. Kermit's feature set is rich, far beyond what you'd find in the typical FTP client. Suppose, for example, you want to upload all the files that are less than five days old . which might be any mixture of text and binary files, from a certain directory. Once the connection is made and desired directories are selected on the client and server, the command is surprisingly simple:

Notice there is nothing about text or binary mode in the command. That's because Kermit automatically switches into the appropriate mode for each file that it sends.

Or suppose you want to send all the files that are larger than one million bytes and whose names start with 'c' or 'w' except if the file's name is core or its name ends with. log .

Or suppose you want to send all the files in an entire directory tree . which can include any combination of text and binary files, and have the same directory tree replicated on the FTP server, even if it is on a different operating system:

Now suppose that later, you want to refresh the same directory tree by uploading only those files that changed since last time:

Suppose you want to send a text file written in (say) German to another computer that uses a different character set:

Or suppose you want to continue uploading a very long file after a previous upload attempt was interrupted in the middle:

Or suppose you want to synchronize a local directory from a remote one, even when you keep getting cut off, no matter how many tries it takes, without transferring any file that does not need to be updated, without transferring any file more than once, and without retransmitting any part of a file that was already partially received:

Or suppose you want to.

Keep a record of your file transfers.

Keep incoming files from overwriting existing files of the same name.

Pass files through standard i/o filters as part of the transfer process.

Upload a file with its permissions intact.

Rename a group of files in a server directory.

All of this, and lots more, is easy to do with the Kermit FTP client, and it all can be automated.

CLICK HERE for more Kermit FTP script examples.

FURTHER INFORMATION

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How to Upload Files in Binary Mode

Uploading files in binary mode is the best choice when you need to upload files that are not text-based. This includes videos, images, executables and other files. There is an exception to this rule, and that is if you are uploading a text-based file that has international characters. In this case, you should upload in binary mode so the characters do not become distorted. The process of uploading in binary mode is quite simple; all you have to do is change the setting in your FTP program.

Open your FTP program. If you are using a desktop-based FTP program, find it on your computer and open it. If you are using Web-based software, go to your website's control panel and log in to the FTP section.

Find the FTP settings and change the transfer mode. To ensure you are uploading in binary mode, you have to change the settings in your FTP client to "binary." The way to do this depends on the FTP program you are using. Search for the "Options" or "Preferences" menu and then "Transfer mode." Once you find this, select "binary." In some FTP clients, you can select "binary" at the bottom of the screen without needing to open any additional menus.

Transfer your files. Once the setting is saved, you can use the FTP client to transfer your files. On one side of the screen you will see the files that are saved on your computer. The other side will represent the Web space that you are uploading to. Select the files you want to upload, and click the arrow or "transfer" button. You will know your upload has been successful when you see the files on the side of the screen that represents your Web space.

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Wget for Windows

GNU Wget is a free network utility to retrieve files from the World Wide Web using HTTP and FTP, the two most widely used Internet protocols. It works non-interactively, thus enabling work in the background, after having logged off.

The recursive retrieval of HTML pages, as well as FTP sites is supported -- you can use Wget to make mirrors of archives and home pages, or traverse the web like a WWW robot (Wget understands /robots. txt).

Wget works exceedingly well on slow or unstable connections, keeping getting the document until it is fully retrieved. Re-getting files from where it left off works on servers (both HTTP and FTP) that support it. Matching of wildcards and recursive mirroring of directories are available when retrieving via FTP. Both HTTP and FTP retrievals can be time-stamped, thus Wget can see if the remote file has changed since last retrieval and automatically retrieve the new version if it has.

Wget supports proxy servers, which can lighten the network load, speed up retrieval and provide access behind firewalls. If you are behind a firewall that requires the use of a socks style gateway, you can get the socks library and compile wget with support for socks.

Most of the features are configurable, either through command-line options, or via initialization file. wgetrc. Wget allows you to install a global startup file (etc/wgetrc by default) for site settings.

If you download the Setup program of the package, any requirements for running applications, such as dynamic link libraries (DLL's) from the dependencies as listed below under Requirements, are already included. If you download the package as Zip files, then you must download and install the dependencies zip file yourself. Developer files (header files and libraries) from other packages are however not included; so if you wish to develop your own applications, you must separately install the required packages.

PHP 5 FTP Functions

PHP FTP Introduction

The FTP functions give client access to file servers through the File Transfer Protocol (FTP).

The FTP functions are used to open, login and close connections, as well as upload, download, rename, delete, and get information on files from file servers. Not all of the FTP functions will work with every server or return the same results. The FTP functions became available with PHP 3.

If you only wish to read from or write to a file on an FTP server, consider using the ftp:// wrapper with the Filesystem functions which provide a simpler and more intuitive interface.

Instalación

For these functions to work, you have to compile PHP with --enable-ftp.

The Windows version of PHP has built-in support for this extension.

PHP 5 FTP Functions

Allocates space for a file to be uploaded to the FTP server

Changes to the parent directory on the FTP server

Changes the current directory on the FTP server

Sets permissions on a file via FTP

Closes an FTP connection

Opens an FTP connection

Deletes a file on the FTP server

Executes a command on the FTP server

Downloads a file from the FTP server and saves it into an open local file

Uploads from an open file and saves it to a file on the FTP server

Returns runtime options of the FTP connection

Downloads a file from the FTP server

Logs in to the FTP connection

Returns the last modified time of a specified file

Creates a new directory on the FTP server

Continues retrieving/sending a file (non-blocking)

Downloads a file from the FTP server and saves it into an open file (non-blocking)

Uploads from an open file and saves it to a file on the FTP server (non-blocking)

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curl(1) - Linux man page

curl - transfer a URL

Synopsis

Descripción

curl is a tool to transfer data from or to a server, using one of the supported protocols (HTTP, HTTPS, FTP, FTPS, SCP, SFTP, TFTP, DICT, TELNET, LDAP or FILE). The command is designed to work without user interaction.

curl offers a busload of useful tricks like proxy support, user authentication, FTP upload, HTTP post, SSL connections, cookies, file transfer resume and more. As you will see below, the number of features will make your head spin!

curl is powered by libcurl for all transfer-related features. See libcurl (3) for details.

Url

The URL syntax is protocol-dependent. You'll find a detailed description in RFC 3986.

You can specify multiple URLs or parts of URLs by writing part sets within braces as in:

or you can get sequences of alphanumeric series by using [] as in:

No nesting of the sequences is supported at the moment, but you can use several ones next to each other:

You can specify any amount of URLs on the command line. They will be fetched in a sequential manner in the specified order.

Since curl 7.15.1 you can also specify a step counter for the ranges, so that you can get every Nth number or letter:

If you specify URL without protocol:// prefix, curl will attempt to guess what protocol you might want. It will then default to HTTP but try other protocols based on often-used host name prefixes. For example, for host names starting with "ftp." curl will assume you want to speak FTP.

curl will do its best to use what you pass to it as a URL. It is not trying to validate it as a syntactically correct URL by any means but is instead very liberal with what it accepts.

Curl will attempt to re-use connections for multiple file transfers, so that getting many files from the same server will not do multiple connects / handshakes. This improves speed. Of course this is only done on files specified on a single command line and cannot be used between separate curl invokes.

Progress Meter

curl normally displays a progress meter during operations, indicating the amount of transferred data, transfer speeds and estimated time left, etc.

However, since curl displays this data to the terminal by default, if you invoke curl to do an operation and it is about to write data to the terminal, it disables the progress meter as otherwise it would mess up the output mixing progress meter and response data.

If you want a progress meter for HTTP POST or PUT requests, you need to redirect the response output to a file, using shell redirect (>), - o [file] or similar.

It is not the same case for FTP upload as that operation does not spit out any response data to the terminal.

If you prefer a progress "bar" instead of the regular meter, -# is your friend.

Opciones

In general, all boolean options are enabled with --option and yet again disabled with -- no - option. That is, you use the exact same option name but prefix it with "no-". However, in this list we mostly only list and show the --option version of them. (This concept with --no options was added in 7.19.0. Previously most options were toggled on/off on repeated use of the same command line option.) - a/--append (FTP/SFTP) When used in an upload, this will tell curl to append to the target file instead of overwriting it. If the file doesn't exist, it will be created. Note that this flag is ignored by some SSH servers (including OpenSSH). - A/--user-agent <agent string> (HTTP) Specify the User-Agent string to send to the HTTP server. Some badly done CGIs fail if this field isn't set to "Mozilla/4.0". To encode blanks in the string, surround the string with single quote marks. This can also be set with the - H/--header option of course.

If this option is set more than once, the last one will be the one that's used. --anyauth (HTTP) Tells curl to figure out authentication method by itself, and use the most secure one the remote site claims to support. This is done by first doing a request and checking the response-headers, thus possibly inducing an extra network round-trip. This is used instead of setting a specific authentication method, which you can do with --basic . --digest . --ntlm . and --negotiate .

Note that using --anyauth is not recommended if you do uploads from stdin, since it may require data to be sent twice and then the client must be able to rewind. If the need should arise when uploading from stdin, the upload operation will fail. - b/--cookie <name=data> (HTTP) Pass the data to the HTTP server as a cookie. It is supposedly the data previously received from the server in a "Set-Cookie:" line. The data should be in the format "NAME1=VALUE1; NAME2=VALUE2".

If no '=' symbol is used in the line, it is treated as a filename to use to read previously stored cookie lines from, which should be used in this session if they match. Using this method also activates the "cookie parser" which will make curl record incoming cookies too, which may be handy if you're using this in combination with the - L/--location option. The file format of the file to read cookies from should be plain HTTP headers or the Netscape/Mozilla cookie file format.

NOTE that the file specified with - b/--cookie is only used as input. No cookies will be stored in the file. To store cookies, use the - c/--cookie-jar option or you could even save the HTTP headers to a file using - D/--dump-header .

If this option is set more than once, the last one will be the one that's used. - B/--use-ascii Enable ASCII transfer when using FTP or LDAP. For FTP, this can also be enforced by using an URL that ends with ";type=A". This option causes data sent to stdout to be in text mode for win32 systems. --basic (HTTP) Tells curl to use HTTP Basic authentication. This is the default and this option is usually pointless, unless you use it to override a previously set option that sets a different authentication method (such as --ntlm . --digest . or --negotiate ). --ciphers <list of ciphers> (SSL) Specifies which ciphers to use in the connection. The list of ciphers must specify valid ciphers. Read up on SSL cipher list details on this URL: http://www. openssl. org/docs/apps/ciphers. html

NSS ciphers are done differently than OpenSSL and GnuTLS. The full list of NSS ciphers is in the NSSCipherSuite entry at this URL: http://directory. fedora. redhat. com/docs/mod_nss. html#Directives

If this option is used several times, the last one will override the others. --compressed (HTTP) Request a compressed response using one of the algorithms libcurl supports, and return the uncompressed document. If this option is used and the server sends an unsupported encoding, curl will report an error. --connect-timeout <seconds> Maximum time in seconds that you allow the connection to the server to take. This only limits the connection phase, once curl has connected this option is of no more use. See also the - m/--max-time option.

If this option is used several times, the last one will be used. - c/--cookie-jar <file name> Specify to which file you want curl to write all cookies after a completed operation. Curl writes all cookies previously read from a specified file as well as all cookies received from remote server (s). If no cookies are known, no file will be written. The file will be written using the Netscape cookie file format. If you set the file name to a single dash, "-", the cookies will be written to stdout.

NOTE If the cookie jar can't be created or written to, the whole curl operation won't fail or even report an error clearly. Using - v will get a warning displayed, but that is the only visible feedback you get about this possibly lethal situation.

If this option is used several times, the last specified file name will be used. - C/--continue-at <offset> Continue/Resume a previous file transfer at the given offset. The given offset is the exact number of bytes that will be skipped, counting from the beginning of the source file before it is transferred to the destination. If used with uploads, the FTP server command SIZE will not be used by curl.

Use "-C -" to tell curl to automatically find out where/how to resume the transfer. It then uses the given output/input files to figure that out.

If this option is used several times, the last one will be used. --create-dirs When used in conjunction with the - o option, curl will create the necessary local directory hierarchy as needed. This option creates the dirs mentioned with the - o option, nothing else. If the - o file name uses no dir or if the dirs it mentions already exist, no dir will be created.

To create remote directories when using FTP or SFTP, try --ftp-create-dirs . --crlf (FTP) Convert LF to CRLF in upload. Useful for MVS (OS/390). --crlfile <file> (HTTPS/FTPS) Provide a file using PEM format with a Certificate Revocation List that may specify peer certificates that are to be considered revoked.

If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.

(Added in 7.19.7) - d/--data <data> (HTTP) Sends the specified data in a POST request to the HTTP server, in the same way that a browser does when a user has filled in an HTML form and presses the submit button. This will cause curl to pass the data to the server using the content-type application/x-www-form-urlencoded. Compare to - F/--form .

-d/--data is the same as --data-ascii . To post data purely binary, you should instead use the --data-binary option. To URL-encode the value of a form field you may use --data-urlencode .

If any of these options is used more than once on the same command line, the data pieces specified will be merged together with a separating &-symbol. Thus, using '-d name=daniel - d skill=lousy' would generate a post chunk that looks like 'name=daniel&skill=lousy'.

If you start the data with the letter @, the rest should be a file name to read the data from, or - if you want curl to read the data from stdin. The contents of the file must already be URL-encoded. Multiple files can also be specified. Posting data from a file named 'foobar' would thus be done with --data @foobar . --data-binary <data> (HTTP) This posts data exactly as specified with no extra processing whatsoever.

If you start the data with the letter @, the rest should be a filename. Data is posted in a similar manner as --data-ascii does, except that newlines are preserved and conversions are never done.

If this option is used several times, the ones following the first will append data as described in - d/--data . --data-urlencode <data> (HTTP) This posts data, similar to the other --data options with the exception that this performs URL-encoding. (Added in 7.18.0)

To be CGI-compliant, the <data> part should begin with a name followed by a separator and a content specification. The <data> part can be passed to curl using one of the following syntaxes: content This will make curl URL-encode the content and pass that on. Just be careful so that the content doesn't contain any = or @ symbols, as that will then make the syntax match one of the other cases below! =content This will make curl URL-encode the content and pass that on. The preceding = symbol is not included in the data. name=content This will make curl URL-encode the content part and pass that on. Note that the name part is expected to be URL-encoded already. @filename This will make curl load data from the given file (including any newlines), URL-encode that data and pass it on in the POST. name@filename This will make curl load data from the given file (including any newlines), URL-encode that data and pass it on in the POST. The name part gets an equal sign appended, resulting in name=urlencoded-file-content . Note that the name is expected to be URL-encoded already. --delegation LEVEL Set LEVEL to tell the server what it is allowed to delegate when it comes to user credentials. Used with GSS/kerberos. none Don't allow any delegation. policy Delegates if and only if the OK-AS-DELEGATE flag is set in the Kerberos service ticket, which is a matter of realm policy. always Unconditionally allow the server to delegate. --digest (HTTP) Enables HTTP Digest authentication. This is a authentication that prevents the password from being sent over the wire in clear text. Use this in combination with the normal - u/--user option to set user name and password. See also --ntlm . --negotiate and --anyauth for related options.

If this option is used several times, the following occurrences make no difference. --disable-eprt (FTP) Tell curl to disable the use of the EPRT and LPRT commands when doing active FTP transfers. Curl will normally always first attempt to use EPRT, then LPRT before using PORT, but with this option, it will use PORT right away. EPRT and LPRT are extensions to the original FTP protocol, and may not work on all servers, but they enable more functionality in a better way than the traditional PORT command.

Since curl 7.19.0, --eprt can be used to explicitly enable EPRT again and --no-eprt is an alias for --disable-eprt .

Disabling EPRT only changes the active behavior. If you want to switch to passive mode you need to not use - P/--ftp-port or force it with --ftp-pasv . --disable-epsv (FTP) Tell curl to disable the use of the EPSV command when doing passive FTP transfers. Curl will normally always first attempt to use EPSV before PASV, but with this option, it will not try using EPSV.

Since curl 7.19.0, --epsv can be used to explicitly enable EPRT again and --no-epsv is an alias for --disable-epsv .

Disabling EPSV only changes the passive behavior. If you want to switch to active mode you need to use - P/--ftp-port . - D/--dump-header <file> Write the protocol headers to the specified file.

This option is handy to use when you want to store the headers that a HTTP site sends to you. Cookies from the headers could then be read in a second curl invocation by using the - b/--cookie option! The - c/--cookie-jar option is however a better way to store cookies.

When used in FTP, the FTP server response lines are considered being "headers" and thus are saved there.

If this option is used several times, the last one will be used. - e/--referer <URL> (HTTP) Sends the "Referer Page" information to the HTTP server. This can also be set with the - H/--header flag of course. When used with - L/--location you can append ";auto" to the --referer URL to make curl automatically set the previous URL when it follows a Location: header. The ";auto" string can be used alone, even if you don't set an initial --referer.

If this option is used several times, the last one will be used. --engine <name> Select the OpenSSL crypto engine to use for cipher operations. Use --engine list to print a list of build-time supported engines. Note that not all (or none) of the engines may be available at run-time. --environment (RISC OS ONLY) Sets a range of environment variables, using the names the - w option supports, to allow easier extraction of useful information after having run curl. --egd-file <file> (SSL) Specify the path name to the Entropy Gathering Daemon socket. The socket is used to seed the random engine for SSL connections. See also the --random-file option. - E/--cert <certificate[:password]> (SSL) Tells curl to use the specified certificate file when getting a file with HTTPS or FTPS. The certificate must be in PEM format. If the optional password isn't specified, it will be queried for on the terminal. Note that this option assumes a "certificate" file that is the private key and the private certificate concatenated! See --cert and --key to specify them independently.

If curl is built against the NSS SSL library then this option can tell curl the nickname of the certificate to use within the NSS database defined by the environment variable SSL_DIR (or by default /etc/pki/nssdb). If the NSS PEM PKCS#11 module (libnsspem. so) is available then PEM files may be loaded. If you want to use a file from the current directory, please precede it with "./" prefix, in order to avoid confusion with a nickname.

If this option is used several times, the last one will be used. --cert-type <type> (SSL) Tells curl what certificate type the provided certificate is in. PEM, DER and ENG are recognized types. If not specified, PEM is assumed.

If this option is used several times, the last one will be used. --cacert <CA certificate> (SSL) Tells curl to use the specified certificate file to verify the peer. The file may contain multiple CA certificates. The certificate (s) must be in PEM format. Normally curl is built to use a default file for this, so this option is typically used to alter that default file.

curl recognizes the environment variable named 'CURL_CA_BUNDLE' if it is set, and uses the given path as a path to a CA cert bundle. This option overrides that variable.

The windows version of curl will automatically look for a CA certs file named 'curl-ca-bundle. crt', either in the same directory as curl. exe, or in the Current Working Directory, or in any folder along your PATH.

If curl is built against the NSS SSL library then this option tells curl the nickname of the CA certificate to use within the NSS database defined by the environment variable SSL_DIR (or by default /etc/pki/nssdb). If the NSS PEM PKCS#11 module (libnsspem. so) is available then PEM files may be loaded.

If this option is used several times, the last one will be used. --capath <CA certificate directory> (SSL) Tells curl to use the specified certificate directory to verify the peer. The certificates must be in PEM format.

If this option is used several times, the last one will be used. - f/--fail (HTTP) Fail silently (no output at all) on server errors. This is mostly done to better enable scripts etc to better deal with failed attempts. In normal cases when a HTTP server fails to deliver a document, it returns an HTML document stating so (which often also describes why and more). This flag will prevent curl from outputting that and return error 22.

This method is not fail-safe and there are occasions where non-successful response codes will slip through, especially when authentication is involved (response codes 401 and 407). --ftp-account [data] (FTP) When an FTP server asks for "account data" after user name and password has been provided, this data is sent off using the ACCT command. (Added in 7.13.0)

If this option is used twice, the second will override the previous use. --ftp-create-dirs (FTP/SFTP) When an FTP or SFTP URL/operation uses a path that doesn't currently exist on the server, the standard behavior of curl is to fail. Using this option, curl will instead attempt to create missing directories. --ftp-method [method] (FTP) Control what method curl should use to reach a file on a FTP (S) server. The method argument should be one of the following alternatives: multicwd curl does a single CWD operation for each path part in the given URL. For deep hierarchies this means very many commands. This is how RFC1738 says it should be done. This is the default but the slowest behavior. nocwd curl does no CWD at all. curl will do SIZE, RETR, STOR etc and give a full path to the server for all these commands. This is the fastest behavior. singlecwd curl does one CWD with the full target directory and then operates on the file "normally" (like in the multicwd case). This is somewhat more standards compliant than 'nocwd' but without the full penalty of 'multicwd'. (Added in 7.15.1) --ftp-pasv (FTP) Use passive mode for the data conection. Passive is the internal default behavior, but using this option can be used to override a previous - P/-ftp-port option. (Added in 7.11.0)

If this option is used several times, the following occurrences make no difference. Undoing an enforced passive really isn't doable but you must then instead enforce the correct - P/--ftp-port again.

Passive mode means that curl will try the EPSV command first and then PASV, unless --disable-epsv is used. --ftp-alternative-to-user <command> (FTP) If authenticating with the USER and PASS commands fails, send this command. When connecting to Tumbleweed's Secure Transport server over FTPS using a client certificate, using "SITE AUTH" will tell the server to retrieve the username from the certificate. (Added in 7.15.5) --ftp-skip-pasv-ip (FTP) Tell curl to not use the IP address the server suggests in its response to curl's PASV command when curl connects the data connection. Instead curl will re-use the same IP address it already uses for the control connection. (Added in 7.14.2)

This option has no effect if PORT, EPRT or EPSV is used instead of PASV. --ftp-ssl (FTP) Try to use SSL/TLS for the FTP connection. Reverts to a non-secure connection if the server doesn't support SSL/TLS. See also --ftp-ssl-control and --ftp-ssl-reqd for different levels of encryption required. (Added in 7.11.0) --ftp-ssl-control (FTP) Require SSL/TLS for the FTP login, clear for transfer. Allows secure authentication, but non-encrypted data transfers for efficiency. Fails the transfer if the server doesn't support SSL/TLS. (Added in 7.16.0) --ftp-ssl-reqd (FTP) Require SSL/TLS for the FTP connection. Terminates the connection if the server doesn't support SSL/TLS. (Added in 7.15.5) --ftp-ssl-ccc (FTP) Use CCC (Clear Command Channel) Shuts down the SSL/TLS layer after authenticating. The rest of the control channel communication will be unencrypted. This allows NAT routers to follow the FTP transaction. The default mode is passive. See --ftp-ssl-ccc-mode for other modes. (Added in 7.16.1) --ftp-ssl-ccc-mode [active/passive] (FTP) Use CCC (Clear Command Channel) Sets the CCC mode. The passive mode will not initiate the shutdown, but instead wait for the server to do it, and will not reply to the shutdown from the server. The active mode initiates the shutdown and waits for a reply from the server. (Added in 7.16.2) - F/--form <name=content> (HTTP) This lets curl emulate a filled-in form in which a user has pressed the submit button. This causes curl to POST data using the Content-Type multipart/form-data according to RFC2388. This enables uploading of binary files etc. To force the 'content' part to be a file, prefix the file name with an @ sign. To just get the content part from a file, prefix the file name with the symbol <. The difference between @ and < is then that @ makes a file get attached in the post as a file upload, while the < makes a text field and just get the contents for that text field from a file.

Example, to send your password file to the server, where 'password' is the name of the form-field to which /etc/passwd will be the input:

curl - F password=@/etc/passwd www. mypasswords. com

To read the file's content from stdin instead of a file, use - where the file name should've been. This goes for both @ and < constructs.

You can also tell curl what Content-Type to use by using 'type=', in a manner similar to:

curl - F "web=@index. html;type=text/html" url. com

curl - F "name=daniel;type=text/foo"

You can also explicitly change the name field of an file upload part by setting filename=, like this:

curl - F "file=@localfile;filename=nameinpost"

See further examples and details in the MANUAL.

This option can be used multiple times. --form-string <name=string> (HTTP) Similar to --form except that the value string for the named parameter is used literally. Leading '@' and '<' characters, and the ';type=' string in the value have no special meaning. Use this in preference to --form if there's any possibility that the string value may accidentally trigger the '@' or '<' features of --form . - g/--globoff This option switches off the "URL globbing parser". When you set this option, you can specify URLs that contain the letters <>[] without having them being interpreted by curl itself. Note that these letters are not normal legal URL contents but they should be encoded according to the URI standard. - G/--get When used, this option will make all data specified with - d/--data or --data-binary to be used in a HTTP GET request instead of the POST request that otherwise would be used. The data will be appended to the URL with a '?' separator.

If used in combination with - I, the POST data will instead be appended to the URL with a HEAD request.

If this option is used several times, the following occurrences make no difference. This is because undoing a GET doesn't make sense, but you should then instead enforce the alternative method you prefer. - h/--help Usage help. - H/--header <header> (HTTP) Extra header to use when getting a web page. You may specify any number of extra headers. Note that if you should add a custom header that has the same name as one of the internal ones curl would use, your externally set header will be used instead of the internal one. This allows you to make even trickier stuff than curl would normally do. You should not replace internally set headers without knowing perfectly well what you're doing. Remove an internal header by giving a replacement without content on the right side of the colon, as in: - H "Host:".

curl will make sure that each header you add/replace is sent with the proper end-of-line marker, you should thus not add that as a part of the header content: do not add newlines or carriage returns, they will only mess things up for you.

See also the - A/--user-agent and - e/--referer options.

This option can be used multiple times to add/replace/remove multiple headers. --hostpubmd5 <md5> Pass a string containing 32 hexadecimal digits. The string should be the 128 bit MD5 checksum of the remote host's public key, curl will refuse the connection with the host unless the md5sums match. This option is only for SCP and SFTP transfers. (Added in 7.17.1) --ignore-content-length (HTTP) Ignore the Content-Length header. This is particularly useful for servers running Apache 1.x, which will report incorrect Content-Length for files larger than 2 gigabytes. - i/--include (HTTP) Include the HTTP-header in the output. The HTTP-header includes things like server-name, date of the document, HTTP-version and more. --interface <name> Perform an operation using a specified interface. You can enter interface name, IP address or host name. An example could look like:

If this option is used several times, the last one will be used. - I/--head (HTTP/FTP/FILE) Fetch the HTTP-header only! HTTP-servers feature the command HEAD which this uses to get nothing but the header of a document. When used on a FTP or FILE file, curl displays the file size and last modification time only. - j/--junk-session-cookies (HTTP) When curl is told to read cookies from a given file, this option will make it discard all "session cookies". This will basically have the same effect as if a new session is started. Typical browsers always discard session cookies when they're closed down. - k/--insecure (SSL) This option explicitly allows curl to perform "insecure" SSL connections and transfers. All SSL connections are attempted to be made secure by using the CA certificate bundle installed by default. This makes all connections considered "insecure" fail unless - k/--insecure is used.

See this online resource for further details: http://curl. haxx. se/docs/sslcerts. html --keepalive-time <seconds> This option sets the time a connection needs to remain idle before sending keepalive probes and the time between individual keepalive probes. It is currently effective on operating systems offering the TCP_KEEPIDLE and TCP_KEEPINTVL socket options (meaning Linux, recent AIX, HP-UX and more). This option has no effect if --no-keepalive is used. (Added in 7.18.0)

If this option is used multiple times, the last occurrence sets the amount. --key <key> (SSL/SSH) Private key file name. Allows you to provide your private key in this separate file.

If this option is used several times, the last one will be used. --key-type <type> (SSL) Private key file type. Specify which type your --key provided private key is. DER, PEM, and ENG are supported. If not specified, PEM is assumed.

If this option is used several times, the last one will be used. --krb <level> (FTP) Enable Kerberos authentication and use. The level must be entered and should be one of 'clear', 'safe', 'confidential', or 'private'. Should you use a level that is not one of these, 'private' will instead be used.

This option requires a library built with kerberos4 or GSSAPI (GSS-Negotiate) support. This is not very common. Use - V/--version to see if your curl supports it.

If this option is used several times, the last one will be used. - K/--config <config file> Specify which config file to read curl arguments from. The config file is a text file in which command line arguments can be written which then will be used as if they were written on the actual command line. Options and their parameters must be specified on the same config file line, separated by whitespace, colon, the equals sign or any combination thereof (however, the preferred separator is the equals sign). If the parameter is to contain whitespace, the parameter must be enclosed within quotes. Within double quotes, the following escape sequences are available: \\, \", \t, \n, \r and \v. A backslash preceding any other letter is ignored. If the first column of a config line is a '#' character, the rest of the line will be treated as a comment. Only write one option per physical line in the config file.

Specify the filename to - K/--config as '-' to make curl read the file from stdin.

Note that to be able to specify a URL in the config file, you need to specify it using the --url option, and not by simply writing the URL on its own line. So, it could look similar to this:

Long option names can optionally be given in the config file without the initial double dashes.

When curl is invoked, it always (unless - q is used) checks for a default config file and uses it if found. The default config file is checked for in the following places in this order:

1) curl tries to find the "home dir": It first checks for the CURL_HOME and then the HOME environment variables. Failing that, it uses getpwuid() on UNIX-like systems (which returns the home dir given the current user in your system). On Windows, it then checks for the APPDATA variable, or as a last resort the '%USERPROFILE%\Application Data'.

2) On windows, if there is no _curlrc file in the home dir, it checks for one in the same dir the curl executable is placed. On UNIX-like systems, it will simply try to load. curlrc from the determined home dir. This option can be used multiple times to load multiple config files. --libcurl <file> Append this option to any ordinary curl command line, and you will get a libcurl-using source code written to the file that does the equivalent of what your command-line operation does!

NOTE: this does not properly support - F and the sending of multipart formposts, so in those cases the output program will be missing necessary calls to curl_formadd (3) . and possibly more.

If this option is used several times, the last given file name will be used. (Added in 7.16.1) --limit-rate <speed> Specify the maximum transfer rate you want curl to use. This feature is useful if you have a limited pipe and you'd like your transfer not to use your entire bandwidth.

The given speed is measured in bytes/second, unless a suffix is appended. Appending 'k' or 'K' will count the number as kilobytes, 'm' or M' makes it megabytes, while 'g' or 'G' makes it gigabytes. Examples: 200K, 3m and 1G.

The given rate is the average speed counted during the entire transfer. It means that curl might use higher transfer speeds in short bursts, but over time it uses no more than the given rate.

If you also use the - Y/--speed-limit option, that option will take precedence and might cripple the rate-limiting slightly, to help keeping the speed-limit logic working.

If this option is used several times, the last one will be used. - l/--list-only (FTP) When listing an FTP directory, this switch forces a name-only view. Especially useful if you want to machine-parse the contents of an FTP directory since the normal directory view doesn't use a standard look or format.

This option causes an FTP NLST command to be sent. Some FTP servers list only files in their response to NLST; they do not include subdirectories and symbolic links. --local-port <num>[-num] Set a preferred number or range of local port numbers to use for the connection (s). Note that port numbers by nature are a scarce resource that will be busy at times so setting this range to something too narrow might cause unnecessary connection setup failures. (Added in 7.15.2) - L/--location (HTTP/HTTPS) If the server reports that the requested page has moved to a different location (indicated with a Location: header and a 3XX response code), this option will make curl redo the request on the new place. If used together with - i/--include or - I/--head . headers from all requested pages will be shown. When authentication is used, curl only sends its credentials to the initial host. If a redirect takes curl to a different host, it won't be able to intercept the user+password. See also --location-trusted on how to change this. You can limit the amount of redirects to follow by using the --max-redirs option.

When curl follows a redirect and the request is not a plain GET (for example POST or PUT), it will do the following request with a GET if the HTTP response was 301, 302, or 303. If the response code was any other 3xx code, curl will re-send the following request using the same unmodified method. --location-trusted (HTTP/HTTPS) Like - L/--location . but will allow sending the name + password to all hosts that the site may redirect to. This may or may not introduce a security breach if the site redirects you to a site to which you'll send your authentication info (which is plaintext in the case of HTTP Basic authentication). --max-filesize <bytes> Specify the maximum size (in bytes) of a file to download. If the file requested is larger than this value, the transfer will not start and curl will return with exit code 63.

NOTE: The file size is not always known prior to download, and for such files this option has no effect even if the file transfer ends up being larger than this given limit. This concerns both FTP and HTTP transfers. - m/--max-time <seconds> Maximum time in seconds that you allow the whole operation to take. This is useful for preventing your batch jobs from hanging for hours due to slow networks or links going down. See also the --connect-timeout option.

If this option is used several times, the last one will be used. - M/--manual Manual. Display the huge help text. - n/--netrc Makes curl scan the. netrc ( _netrc on Windows) file in the user's home directory for login name and password. This is typically used for FTP on UNIX. If used with HTTP, curl will enable user authentication. See netrc (4) or ftp (1) for details on the file format. Curl will not complain if that file doesn't have the right permissions (it should not be either world - or group-readable). The environment variable "HOME" is used to find the home directory.

A quick and very simple example of how to setup a. netrc to allow curl to FTP to the machine host. domain. com with user name 'myself' and password 'secret' should look similar to:

machine host. domain. com login myself password secret --netrc-optional Very similar to --netrc . but this option makes the. netrc usage optional and not mandatory as the --netrc option does. --negotiate (HTTP) Enables GSS-Negotiate authentication. The GSS-Negotiate method was designed by Microsoft and is used in their web applications. It is primarily meant as a support for Kerberos5 authentication but may be also used along with another authentication method. For more information see IETF draft draft-brezak-spnego - http-04.txt.

If you want to enable Negotiate for your proxy authentication, then use --proxy-negotiate .

This option requires a library built with GSSAPI support. This is not very common. Use - V/--version to see if your version supports GSS-Negotiate.

When using this option, you must also provide a fake - u/--user option to activate the authentication code properly. Sending a '-u :' is enough as the user name and password from the - u option aren't actually used.

If this option is used several times, the following occurrences make no difference. - N/--no-buffer Disables the buffering of the output stream. In normal work situations, curl will use a standard buffered output stream that will have the effect that it will output the data in chunks, not necessarily exactly when the data arrives. Using this option will disable that buffering.

Note that this is the negated option name documented. You can thus use --buffer to enforce the buffering. --no-keepalive Disables the use of keepalive messages on the TCP connection, as by default curl enables them.

Note that this is the negated option name documented. You can thus use --keepalive to enforce keepalive. --no-sessionid (SSL) Disable curl's use of SSL session-ID caching. By default all transfers are done using the cache. Note that while nothing should ever get hurt by attempting to reuse SSL session-IDs, there seem to be broken SSL implementations in the wild that may require you to disable this in order for you to succeed. (Added in 7.16.0)

Note that this is the negated option name documented. You can thus use --sessionid to enforce session-ID caching. --noproxy <no-proxy-list> Comma-separated list of hosts which do not use a proxy, if one is specified. The only wildcard is a single * character, which matches all hosts, and effectively disables the proxy. Each name in this list is matched as either a domain which contains the hostname, or the hostname itself. For example, local. com would match local. com, local. com:80, and www. local. com, but not www. notlocal. com. (Added in 7.19.4). --ntlm (HTTP) Enables NTLM authentication. The NTLM authentication method was designed by Microsoft and is used by IIS web servers. It is a proprietary protocol, reverse-engineered by clever people and implemented in curl based on their efforts. This kind of behavior should not be endorsed, you should encourage everyone who uses NTLM to switch to a public and documented authentication method instead, such as Digest.

If you want to enable NTLM for your proxy authentication, then use --proxy-ntlm .

This option requires a library built with SSL support. Use - V/--version to see if your curl supports NTLM.

If this option is used several times, the following occurrences make no difference. - o/--output <file> Write output to <file> instead of stdout. If you are using <> or [] to fetch multiple documents, you can use '#' followed by a number in the <file> specifier. That variable will be replaced with the current string for the URL being fetched. Like in:

curl http://.site. com - o "file_#1.txt"

or use several variables like:

curl http://.host[1-5].com - o "#1_#2"

You may use this option as many times as the number of URLs you have.

See also the --create-dirs option to create the local directories dynamically. Specifying the output as '-' (a single dash) will force the output to be done to stdout. - O/--remote-name Write output to a local file named like the remote file we get. (Only the file part of the remote file is used, the path is cut off.)

The remote file name to use for saving is extracted from the given URL, nothing else.

You may use this option as many times as the number of URLs you have. --remote-name-all This option changes the default action for all given URLs to be dealt with as if - O/--remote-name were used for each one. So if you want to disable that for a specific URL after --remote-name-all has been used, you must use "-o -" or --no-remote-name . (Added in 7.19.0) --pass <phrase> (SSL/SSH)

Passphrase for the private key

If this option is used several times, the last one will be used. --post301 Tells curl to respect RFC 2616/10.3.2 and not convert POST requests into GET requests when following a 301 redirection. The non-RFC behaviour is ubiquitous in web browsers, so curl does the conversion by default to maintain consistency. However, a server may require a POST to remain a POST after such a redirection. This option is meaningful only when using - L/--location (Added in 7.17.1) --post302 Tells curl to respect RFC 2616/10.3.2 and not convert POST requests into GET requests when following a 302 redirection. The non-RFC behaviour is ubiquitous in web browsers, so curl does the conversion by default to maintain consistency. However, a server may require a POST to remain a POST after such a redirection. This option is meaningful only when using - L/--location (Added in 7.19.1) --proxy-anyauth Tells curl to pick a suitable authentication method when communicating with the given proxy. This might cause an extra request/response round-trip. (Added in 7.13.2) --proxy-basic Tells curl to use HTTP Basic authentication when communicating with the given proxy. Use --basic for enabling HTTP Basic with a remote host. Basic is the default authentication method curl uses with proxies. --proxy-digest Tells curl to use HTTP Digest authentication when communicating with the given proxy. Use --digest for enabling HTTP Digest with a remote host. --proxy-negotiate Tells curl to use HTTP Negotiate authentication when communicating with the given proxy. Use --negotiate for enabling HTTP Negotiate with a remote host. (Added in 7.17.1) --proxy-ntlm Tells curl to use HTTP NTLM authentication when communicating with the given proxy. Use --ntlm for enabling NTLM with a remote host. --proxy1.0 <proxyhost[:port]> Use the specified HTTP 1.0 proxy. If the port number is not specified, it is assumed at port 1080.

The only difference between this and the HTTP proxy option ( - x/--proxy ), is that attempts to use CONNECT through the proxy will specify an HTTP 1.0 protocol instead of the default HTTP 1.1. - p/--proxytunnel When an HTTP proxy is used ( - x/--proxy ), this option will cause non-HTTP protocols to attempt to tunnel through the proxy instead of merely using it to do HTTP-like operations. The tunnel approach is made with the HTTP proxy CONNECT request and requires that the proxy allows direct connect to the remote port number curl wants to tunnel through to. --pubkey <key> (SSH) Public key file name. Allows you to provide your public key in this separate file.

If this option is used several times, the last one will be used. - P/--ftp-port <address> (FTP) Reverses the default initiator/listener roles when connecting with FTP. This switch makes curl use active mode. In practice, curl then tells the server to connect back to the client's specified address and port, while passive mode asks the server to setup an IP address and port for it to connect to. <address> should be one of: interface i. e "eth0" to specify which interface's IP address you want to use (Unix only) IP address i. e "192.168.10.1" to specify the exact IP address host name i. e "my. host. domain" to specify the machine - make curl pick the same IP address that is already used for the control connection

If this option is used several times, the last one will be used. Disable the use of PORT with --ftp-pasv . Disable the attempt to use the EPRT command instead of PORT by using --disable-eprt . EPRT is really PORT++.

Starting in 7.19.5, you can append ":[start]-[end]" to the right of the address, to tell curl what TCP port range to use. That means you specify a port range, from a lower to a higher number. A single number works as well, but do note that it increases the risk of failure since the port may not be available. - q If used as the first parameter on the command line, the curlrc config file will not be read and used. See the - K/--config for details on the default config file search path. - Q/--quote <command> (FTP/SFTP) Send an arbitrary command to the remote FTP or SFTP server. Quote commands are sent BEFORE the transfer takes place (just after the initial PWD command in an FTP transfer, to be exact). To make commands take place after a successful transfer, prefix them with a dash '-'. To make commands be sent after libcurl has changed the working directory, just before the transfer command (s), prefix the command with a '+' (this is only supported for FTP). You may specify any number of commands. If the server returns failure for one of the commands, the entire operation will be aborted. You must send syntactically correct FTP commands as RFC959 defines to FTP servers, or one of the commands listed below to SFTP servers. This option can be used multiple times.

SFTP is a binary protocol. Unlike for FTP, libcurl interprets SFTP quote commands before sending them to the server. Following is the list of all supported SFTP quote commands: chgrp group file The chgrp command sets the group ID of the file named by the file operand to the group ID specified by the group operand. The group operand is a decimal integer group ID. chmod mode file The chmod command modifies the file mode bits of the specified file. The mode operand is an octal integer mode number. chown user file The chown command sets the owner of the file named by the file operand to the user ID specified by the user operand. The user operand is a decimal integer user ID. ln source_file target_file The ln and symlink commands create a symbolic link at the target_file location pointing to the source_file location. mkdir directory_name The mkdir command creates the directory named by the directory_name operand. pwd The pwd command returns the absolute pathname of the current working directory. rename source target The rename command renames the file or directory named by the source operand to the destination path named by the target operand. rm file The rm command removes the file specified by the file operand. rmdir directory The rmdir command removes the directory entry specified by the directory operand, provided it is empty. symlink source_file target_file See ln. --random-file <file> (SSL) Specify the path name to file containing what will be considered as random data. The data is used to seed the random engine for SSL connections. See also the --egd-file option. - r/--range <range> (HTTP/FTP/SFTP/FILE) Retrieve a byte range (i. e a partial document) from a HTTP/1.1, FTP or SFTP server or a local FILE. Ranges can be specified in a number of ways. 0-499 specifies the first 500 bytes 500-999 specifies the second 500 bytes -500 specifies the last 500 bytes 9500- specifies the bytes from offset 9500 and forward 0-0,-1 specifies the first and last byte only(*)(H) 500-700,600-799 specifies 300 bytes from offset 500 (H) 100-199,500-599 specifies two separate 100-byte ranges(*)(H)

(*) = NOTE that this will cause the server to reply with a multipart response!

Only digit characters (0-9) are valid in the 'start' and 'stop' fields of the 'start-stop' range syntax. If a non-digit character is given in the range, the server's response will be unspecified, depending on the server's configuration.

You should also be aware that many HTTP/1.1 servers do not have this feature enabled, so that when you attempt to get a range, you'll instead get the whole document.

FTP and SFTP range downloads only support the simple 'start-stop' syntax (optionally with one of the numbers omitted). FTP use depends on the extended FTP command SIZE.

If this option is used several times, the last one will be used. --raw When used, it disables all internal HTTP decoding of content or transfer encodings and instead makes them passed on unaltered, raw. (Added in 7.16.2) - R/--remote-time When used, this will make libcurl attempt to figure out the timestamp of the remote file, and if that is available make the local file get that same timestamp. --retry <num> If a transient error is returned when curl tries to perform a transfer, it will retry this number of times before giving up. Setting the number to 0 makes curl do no retries (which is the default). Transient error means either: a timeout, an FTP 5xx response code or an HTTP 5xx response code.

When curl is about to retry a transfer, it will first wait one second and then for all forthcoming retries it will double the waiting time until it reaches 10 minutes which then will be the delay between the rest of the retries. By using --retry-delay you disable this exponential backoff algorithm. See also --retry-max-time to limit the total time allowed for retries. (Added in 7.12.3)

If this option is used multiple times, the last occurrence decide the amount. --retry-delay <seconds> Make curl sleep this amount of time before each retry when a transfer has failed with a transient error (it changes the default backoff time algorithm between retries). This option is only interesting if --retry is also used. Setting this delay to zero will make curl use the default backoff time. (Added in 7.12.3)

If this option is used multiple times, the last occurrence determines the amount. --retry-max-time <seconds> The retry timer is reset before the first transfer attempt. Retries will be done as usual (see --retry ) as long as the timer hasn't reached this given limit. Notice that if the timer hasn't reached the limit, the request will be made and while performing, it may take longer than this given time period. To limit a single request's maximum time, use - m/--max-time . Set this option to zero to not timeout retries. (Added in 7.12.3)

If this option is used multiple times, the last occurrence determines the amount. - s/--silent Silent or quiet mode. Don't show progress meter or error messages. Makes Curl mute. - S/--show-error When used with - s it makes curl show an error message if it fails. --socks4 <host[:port]> Use the specified SOCKS4 proxy. If the port number is not specified, it is assumed at port 1080. (Added in 7.15.2)

This option overrides any previous use of - x/--proxy . as they are mutually exclusive.

If this option is used several times, the last one will be used. --socks4a <host[:port]> Use the specified SOCKS4a proxy. If the port number is not specified, it is assumed at port 1080. (Added in 7.18.0)

This option overrides any previous use of - x/--proxy . as they are mutually exclusive.

If this option is used several times, the last one will be used. --socks5-hostname <host[:port]> Use the specified SOCKS5 proxy (and let the proxy resolve the host name). If the port number is not specified, it is assumed at port 1080. (Added in 7.18.0)

This option overrides any previous use of - x/--proxy . as they are mutually exclusive.

If this option is used several times, the last one will be used. (This option was previously wrongly documented and used as --socks without the number appended.) --socks5 <host[:port]> Use the specified SOCKS5 proxy - but resolve the host name locally. If the port number is not specified, it is assumed at port 1080.

This option overrides any previous use of - x/--proxy . as they are mutually exclusive.

If this option is used several times, the last one will be used. (This option was previously wrongly documented and used as --socks without the number appended.)

This option (as well as --socks4 ) does not work with IPV6, FTPS or LDAP. --socks5-gssapi-service <servicename> The default service name for a socks server is rcmd/server-fqdn. This option allows you to change it.

Examples: --socks5 proxy-name --socks5-gssapi-service sockd would use sockd/proxy-name --socks5 proxy-name --socks5-gssapi-service sockd/real-name would use sockd/real-name for cases where the proxy-name does not match the princpal name. (Added in 7.19.4). --socks5-gssapi-nec As part of the gssapi negotiation a protection mode is negotiated. The rfc1961 says in section 4.3/4.4 it should be protected, but the NEC reference implementation does not. The option --socks5-gssapi-nec allows the unprotected exchange of the protection mode negotiation. (Added in 7.19.4). --stderr <file> Redirect all writes to stderr to the specified file instead. If the file name is a plain '-', it is instead written to stdout. This option has no point when you're using a shell with decent redirecting capabilities.

If this option is used several times, the last one will be used. --tcp-nodelay Turn on the TCP_NODELAY option. See the curl_easy_setopt (3) man page for details about this option. (Added in 7.11.2) - t/--telnet-option <OPT=val> Pass options to the telnet protocol. Supported options are:

TTYPE=<term> Sets the terminal type.

XDISPLOC=<X display> Sets the X display location.

NEW_ENV=<var, val> Sets an environment variable. - T/--upload-file <file> This transfers the specified local file to the remote URL. If there is no file part in the specified URL, Curl will append the local file name. NOTE that you must use a trailing / on the last directory to really prove to Curl that there is no file name or curl will think that your last directory name is the remote file name to use. That will most likely cause the upload operation to fail. If this is used on a HTTP (S) server, the PUT command will be used.

Use the file name "-" (a single dash) to use stdin instead of a given file. Alternately, the file name "." (a single period) may be specified instead of "-" to use stdin in non-blocking mode to allow reading server output while stdin is being uploaded.

You can specify one - T for each URL on the command line. Each - T + URL pair specifies what to upload and to where. curl also supports "globbing" of the - T argument, meaning that you can upload multiple files to a single URL by using the same URL globbing style supported in the URL, like this:

curl - T " " http://www. uploadtothissite. com

curl - T "img[1-1000].png" ftp://ftp. picturemania. com/upload/ --trace <file> Enables a full trace dump of all incoming and outgoing data, including descriptive information, to the given output file. Use "-" as filename to have the output sent to stdout.

This option overrides previous uses of - v/--verbose or --trace-ascii .

If this option is used several times, the last one will be used. --trace-ascii <file> Enables a full trace dump of all incoming and outgoing data, including descriptive information, to the given output file. Use "-" as filename to have the output sent to stdout.

This is very similar to --trace . but leaves out the hex part and only shows the ASCII part of the dump. It makes smaller output that might be easier to read for untrained humans.

This option overrides previous uses of - v/--verbose or --trace .

If this option is used several times, the last one will be used. --trace-time Prepends a time stamp to each trace or verbose line that curl displays. (Added in 7.14.0) - u/--user <user:password> Specify the user name and password to use for server authentication. Overrides - n/--netrc and --netrc-optional .

If you just give the user name (without entering a colon) curl will prompt for a password.

If you use an SSPI-enabled curl binary and do NTLM authentication, you can force curl to pick up the user name and password from your environment by simply specifying a single colon with this option: "-u :".

If this option is used several times, the last one will be used. - U/--proxy-user <user:password> Specify the user name and password to use for proxy authentication.

If you use an SSPI-enabled curl binary and do NTLM authentication, you can force curl to pick up the user name and password from your environment by simply specifying a single colon with this option: "-U :".

If this option is used several times, the last one will be used. --url <URL> Specify a URL to fetch. This option is mostly handy when you want to specify URL (s) in a config file.

This option may be used any number of times. To control where this URL is written, use the - o/--output or the - O/--remote-name options. - v/--verbose Makes the fetching more verbose/talkative. Mostly useful for debugging. A line starting with '>' means "header data" sent by curl, '<' means "header data" received by curl that is hidden in normal cases, and a line starting with '*' means additional info provided by curl.

Note that if you only want HTTP headers in the output, - i/--include might be the option you're looking for.

If you think this option still doesn't give you enough details, consider using --trace or --trace-ascii instead.

This option overrides previous uses of --trace-ascii or --trace .

Use - s/--silent to make curl quiet. - V/--version Displays information about curl and the libcurl version it uses.

The first line includes the full version of curl, libcurl and other 3rd party libraries linked with the executable.

The second line (starts with "Protocols:") shows all protocols that libcurl reports to support.

The third line (starts with "Features:") shows specific features libcurl reports to offer. Available features include: IPv6 You can use IPv6 with this. krb4 Krb4 for FTP is supported. SSL HTTPS and FTPS are supported. libz Automatic decompression of compressed files over HTTP is supported. NTLM NTLM authentication is supported. GSS-Negotiate Negotiate authentication and krb5 for FTP is supported. Debug This curl uses a libcurl built with Debug. This enables more error-tracking and memory debugging etc. For curl-developers only! AsynchDNS This curl uses asynchronous name resolves. SPNEGO SPNEGO Negotiate authentication is supported. Largefile This curl supports transfers of large files, files larger than 2GB. IDN This curl supports IDN - international domain names. SSPI SSPI is supported. If you use NTLM and set a blank user name, curl will authenticate with your current user and password. - w/--write-out <format> Defines what to display on stdout after a completed and successful operation. The format is a string that may contain plain text mixed with any number of variables. The string can be specified as "string", to get read from a particular file you specify it "@filename" and to tell curl to read the format from stdin you write "@-".

The variables present in the output format will be substituted by the value or text that curl thinks fit, as described below. All variables are specified as % and to output a normal % you just write them as %%. You can output a newline by using \n, a carriage return with \r and a tab space with \t.

NOTE: The %-symbol is a special symbol in the win32-environment, where all occurrences of % must be doubled when using this option.

The variables available at this point are: url_effective The URL that was fetched last. This is most meaningful if you've told curl to follow location: headers. http_code The numerical response code that was found in the last retrieved HTTP (S) or FTP (s) transfer. In 7.18.2 the alias response_code was added to show the same info. http_connect The numerical code that was found in the last response (from a proxy) to a curl CONNECT request. (Added in 7.12.4) time_total The total time, in seconds, that the full operation lasted. The time will be displayed with millisecond resolution. time_namelookup The time, in seconds, it took from the start until the name resolving was completed. time_connect The time, in seconds, it took from the start until the TCP connect to the remote host (or proxy) was completed. time_appconnect The time, in seconds, it took from the start until the SSL/SSH/etc connect/handshake to the remote host was completed. (Added in 7.19.0) time_pretransfer The time, in seconds, it took from the start until the file transfer was just about to begin. This includes all pre-transfer commands and negotiations that are specific to the particular protocol (s) involved. time_redirect The time, in seconds, it took for all redirection steps include name lookup, connect, pretransfer and transfer before the final transaction was started. time_redirect shows the complete execution time for multiple redirections. (Added in 7.12.3) time_starttransfer The time, in seconds, it took from the start until the first byte was just about to be transferred. This includes time_pretransfer and also the time the server needed to calculate the result. size_download The total amount of bytes that were downloaded. size_upload The total amount of bytes that were uploaded. size_header The total amount of bytes of the downloaded headers. size_request The total amount of bytes that were sent in the HTTP request. speed_download The average download speed that curl measured for the complete download. speed_upload The average upload speed that curl measured for the complete upload. content_type The Content-Type of the requested document, if there was any. num_connects Number of new connects made in the recent transfer. (Added in 7.12.3) num_redirects Number of redirects that were followed in the request. (Added in 7.12.3) redirect_url When a HTTP request was made without - L to follow redirects, this variable will show the actual URL a redirect would take you to. (Added in 7.18.2) ftp_entry_path The initial path libcurl ended up in when logging on to the remote FTP server. (Added in 7.15.4) ssl_verify_result The result of the SSL peer certificate verification that was requested. 0 means the verification was successful. (Added in 7.19.0)

If this option is used several times, the last one will be used. - x/--proxy <proxyhost[:port]> Use the specified HTTP proxy. If the port number is not specified, it is assumed at port 1080.

This option overrides existing environment variables that set the proxy to use. If there's an environment variable setting a proxy, you can set proxy to "" to override it.

Note that all operations that are performed over a HTTP proxy will transparently be converted to HTTP. It means that certain protocol specific operations might not be available. This is not the case if you can tunnel through the proxy, as done with the - p/--proxytunnel option.

Starting with 7.14.1, the proxy host can be specified the exact same way as the proxy environment variables, including the protocol prefix (http://) and the embedded user + password.

If this option is used several times, the last one will be used. - X/--request <command> (HTTP) Specifies a custom request method to use when communicating with the HTTP server. The specified request will be used instead of the method otherwise used (which defaults to GET). Read the HTTP 1.1 specification for details and explanations. Common additional HTTP requests include PUT and DELETE, but related technologies like WebDAV offers PROPFIND, COPY, MOVE and more.

(FTP) Specifies a custom FTP command to use instead of LIST when doing file lists with FTP.

If this option is used several times, the last one will be used. - y/--speed-time <time> If a download is slower than speed-limit bytes per second during a speed-time period, the download gets aborted. If speed-time is used, the default speed-limit will be 1 unless set with - Y.

This option controls transfers and thus will not affect slow connects etc. If this is a concern for you, try the --connect-timeout option.

If this option is used several times, the last one will be used. - Y/--speed-limit <speed> If a download is slower than this given speed (in bytes per second) for speed-time seconds it gets aborted. speed-time is set with - y and is 30 if not set.

If this option is used several times, the last one will be used. - z/--time-cond <date expression> (HTTP/FTP) Request a file that has been modified later than the given time and date, or one that has been modified before that time. The date expression can be all sorts of date strings or if it doesn't match any internal ones, it tries to get the time from a given file name instead! See the curl_getdate (3) man pages for date expression details.

Start the date expression with a dash (-) to make it request for a document that is older than the given date/time, default is a document that is newer than the specified date/time.

If this option is used several times, the last one will be used. --max-redirs <num> Set maximum number of redirection-followings allowed. If - L/--location is used, this option can be used to prevent curl from following redirections "in absurdum". By default, the limit is set to 50 redirections. Set this option to -1 to make it limitless.

If this option is used several times, the last one will be used. -0/-- http1.0 (HTTP) Forces curl to issue its requests using HTTP 1.0 instead of using its internally preferred: HTTP 1.1. -1/--tlsv1 (SSL) Forces curl to use TLS version 1 when negotiating with a remote TLS server. -2/--sslv2 (SSL) Forces curl to use SSL version 2 when negotiating with a remote SSL server. -3/--sslv3 (SSL) Forces curl to use SSL version 3 when negotiating with a remote SSL server. -4/--ipv4 If libcurl is capable of resolving an address to multiple IP versions (which it is if it is IPv6-capable), this option tells libcurl to resolve names to IPv4 addresses only. -6/--ipv6 If libcurl is capable of resolving an address to multiple IP versions (which it is if it is IPv6-capable), this option tells libcurl to resolve names to IPv6 addresses only. -#/--progress-bar Make curl display progress information as a progress bar instead of the default statistics.

Files

/.curlrc Default config file, see - K/--config for details.

Ambiente

The environment variables can be specified in lower case or upper case. The lower case version has precedence. http_proxy is an exception as it is only available in lower case. http_proxy [protocol://]<host>[:port] Sets the proxy server to use for HTTP. HTTPS_PROXY [protocol://]<host>[:port] Sets the proxy server to use for HTTPS. FTP_PROXY [protocol://]<host>[:port] Sets the proxy server to use for FTP. ALL_PROXY [protocol://]<host>[:port] Sets the proxy server to use if no protocol-specific proxy is set. NO_PROXY <comma-separated list of hosts> list of host names that shouldn't go through any proxy. If set to a asterisk '*' only, it matches all hosts.

Exit Codes

There are a bunch of different error codes and their corresponding error messages that may appear during bad conditions. At the time of this writing, the exit codes are: 1 Unsupported protocol. This build of curl has no support for this protocol. 2 Failed to initialize. 3 URL malformed. The syntax was not correct. 5 Couldn't resolve proxy. The given proxy host could not be resolved. 6 Couldn't resolve host. The given remote host was not resolved. 7 Failed to connect to host. 8 FTP weird server reply. The server sent data curl couldn't parse. 9 FTP access denied. The server denied login or denied access to the particular resource or directory you wanted to reach. Most often you tried to change to a directory that doesn't exist on the server. 11 FTP weird PASS reply. Curl couldn't parse the reply sent to the PASS request. 13 FTP weird PASV reply, Curl couldn't parse the reply sent to the PASV request. 14 FTP weird 227 format. Curl couldn't parse the 227-line the server sent. 15 FTP can't get host. Couldn't resolve the host IP we got in the 227-line. 17 FTP couldn't set binary. Couldn't change transfer method to binary. 18 Partial file. Only a part of the file was transferred. 19 FTP couldn't download/access the given file, the RETR (or similar) command failed. 21 FTP quote error. A quote command returned error from the server. 22 HTTP page not retrieved. The requested url was not found or returned another error with the HTTP error code being 400 or above. This return code only appears if - f/--fail is used. 23 Write error. Curl couldn't write data to a local filesystem or similar. 25 FTP couldn't STOR file. The server denied the STOR operation, used for FTP uploading. 26 Read error. Various reading problems. 27 Out of memory. A memory allocation request failed. 28 Operation timeout. The specified time-out period was reached according to the conditions. 30 FTP PORT failed. The PORT command failed. Not all FTP servers support the PORT command, try doing a transfer using PASV instead! 31 FTP couldn't use REST. The REST command failed. This command is used for resumed FTP transfers. 33 HTTP range error. The range "command" didn't work. 34 HTTP post error. Internal post-request generation error. 35 SSL connect error. The SSL handshaking failed. 36 FTP bad download resume. Couldn't continue an earlier aborted download. 37 FILE couldn't read file. Failed to open the file. Permissions? 38 LDAP cannot bind. LDAP bind operation failed. 39 LDAP search failed. 41 Function not found. A required LDAP function was not found. 42 Aborted by callback. An application told curl to abort the operation. 43 Internal error. A function was called with a bad parameter. 45 Interface error. A specified outgoing interface could not be used. 47 Too many redirects. When following redirects, curl hit the maximum amount. 48 Unknown TELNET option specified. 49 Malformed telnet option. 51 The peer's SSL certificate or SSH MD5 fingerprint was not ok. 52 The server didn't reply anything, which here is considered an error. 53 SSL crypto engine not found. 54 Cannot set SSL crypto engine as default. 55 Failed sending network data. 56 Failure in receiving network data. 58 Problem with the local certificate. 59 Couldn't use specified SSL cipher. 60 Peer certificate cannot be authenticated with known CA certificates. 61 Unrecognized transfer encoding. 62 Invalid LDAP URL. 63 Maximum file size exceeded. 64 Requested FTP SSL level failed. 65 Sending the data requires a rewind that failed. 66 Failed to initialise SSL Engine. 67 The user name, password, or similar was not accepted and curl failed to log in. 68 File not found on TFTP server. 69 Permission problem on TFTP server. 70 Out of disk space on TFTP server. 71 Illegal TFTP operation. 72 Unknown TFTP transfer ID. 73 File already exists (TFTP). 74 No such user (TFTP). 75 Character conversion failed. 76 Character conversion functions required. 77 Problem with reading the SSL CA cert (path? access rights?). 78 The resource referenced in the URL does not exist. 79 An unspecified error occurred during the SSH session. 80 Failed to shut down the SSL connection. 82 Could not load CRL file, missing or wrong format (added in 7.19.0). 83 Issuer check failed (added in 7.19.0). XX More error codes will appear here in future releases. The existing ones are meant to never change.

Authors / Contributors

Daniel Stenberg is the main author, but the whole list of contributors is found in the separate THANKS file.

Www

Ftp

See Also

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Detalles

The function download. file can be used to download a single file as described by url from the internet and store it in destfile. The url must start with a scheme such as http://. https://. ftp:// or file://.

If method = "auto" is chosen (the default), on a Unix-alike method "libcurl" is chosen for https:// and ftps:// URLs and the "internal" method is chosen for other schemes.

Method "libcurl" uses the library of that name (http://curl. haxx. se/libcurl/ ). It provides (non-blocking) access to https:// and (usually) ftps:// URLs. There is support for simultaneous downloads, so url and destfile can be character vectors of the same length greater than one. For a single URL and quiet = FALSE a progress bar is shown in interactive use.

For methods "wget" and "curl" a system call is made to the tool given by method. and the respective program must be installed on your system and be in the search path for executables. They will block all other activity on the R process until they complete: this may make a GUI unresponsive.

cacheOK = FALSE is useful for http:// and https:// URLs: it will attempt to get a copy directly from the site rather than from an intermediate cache. It is used by available. packages.

The "libcurl" and "wget" methods follow http:// and https:// redirections: the "internal" method does not. (For method "curl" use argument extra = "-L". To disable redirection in wget. use extra = "--max-redirect=0" .) (The "wininet" method supports some redirections but not all.)

Note that https:// URLs are not supported by the "internal" method but are supported by the "libcurl" method and the "wininet" method on Windows.

See url for how file:// URLs are interpreted, especially on Windows. The "internal" and "wininet" methods do not percent-decode file:// URLs, but the "libcurl" and "curl" methods do: method "wget" does not support them.

Most methods do not percent-encode special characters such as spaces in URLs (see URLencode ), but it seems the "wininet" method does.

The remaining details apply to the "internal". "wininet" and "libcurl" methods only.

The timeout for many parts of the transfer can be set by the option timeout which defaults to 60 seconds.

The level of detail provided during transfer can be set by the quiet argument and the internet. info option: the details depend on the platform and scheme. For the "internal" method setting option internet. info to 0 gives all available details, including all server responses. Using 2 (the default) gives only serious messages, and 3 or more suppresses all messages. For the "libcurl" method values of the option less than 2 give verbose output.

A progress bar tracks the transfer. If the file length is known, an equals sign represents 2% of the transfer completed: otherwise a dot represents 10Kb.

Code written to download binary files must use mode = "wb". but the problems incurred by a text transfer will only be seen on Windows.

Value

An (invisible) integer code, 0 for success and non-zero for failure. For the "wget" and "curl" methods this is the status code returned by the external program. The "internal" method can return 1. but will in most cases throw an error.

Setting Proxies

The next two paragraphs apply to the internal code only.

Proxies can be specified via environment variables. Setting no_proxy to * stops any proxy being tried. Otherwise the setting of http_proxy or ftp_proxy (or failing that, the all upper-case version) is consulted and if non-empty used as a proxy site. For FTP transfers, the username and password on the proxy can be specified by ftp_proxy_user and ftp_proxy_password. The form of http_proxy should be http://proxy. dom. com/ or http://proxy. dom. com:8080/ where the port defaults to 80 and the trailing slash may be omitted. For ftp_proxy use the form ftp://proxy. dom. com:3128/ where the default port is 21. These environment variables must be set before the download code is first used: they cannot be altered later by calling Sys. setenv.

Usernames and passwords can be set for HTTP proxy transfers via environment variable http_proxy_user in the form user:passwd. Alternatively, http_proxy can be of the form http://user:pass@proxy. dom. com:8080/ for compatibility with wget. Only the HTTP/1.0 basic authentication scheme is supported.

Much the same scheme is supported by method = "libcurl". including no_proxy. http_proxy and ftp_proxy. and for the last two a contents of [user:password@]machine[:port] where the parts in brackets are optional. See http://curl. haxx. se/libcurl/c/libcurl-tutorial. html for details.

Secure URLs

Methods which access https:// and ftps:// URLs should try to verify their certificates. This is usually done using the CA root certificates installed by the OS (although we have seen instances in which these got removed rather than updated). For further information see http://curl. haxx. se/docs/sslcerts. html.

This is an issue for method = "libcurl" on Windows, where the OS does not provide a suitable CA certificate bundle, so by default on Windows certificates are not verified. To turn verification on, set environment variable CURL_CA_BUNDLE to the path to a certificate bundle file, usually named ‘ ca-bundle. crt ’ or ‘ curl-ca-bundle. crt ’. (This is normally done for a binary installation of R . which installs ‘ R_HOME /etc/curl-ca-bundle. crt ’ and sets CURL_CA_BUNDLE to point to it if that environment variable is not already set.) For an updated certificate bundle, see http://curl. haxx. se/docs/sslcerts. html. Currently one can download a copy from https://raw. githubusercontent. com/bagder/ca-bundle/master/ca-bundle. crt and set CURL_CA_BUNDLE to the full path to the downloaded file.

Note that the root certificates used by R may or may not be the same as used in a browser, and indeed different browsers may use different certificate bundles (there is typically a build option to choose either their own or the system ones).

FTP sites

ftp: URLs are accessed using the FTP protocol which has a number of variants. One distinction is between ‘active’ and ‘(extended) passive’ modes: which is used is chosen by the client. The "internal" and "libcurl" method use passive mode, and that is almost universally used by browsers. Prior to R 3.2.3 the "wininet" method used active mode: since it first tries passive and then active.

Nota

Files of more than 2GB are supported on 64-bit builds of R ; they may be truncated on some 32-bit builds.

Methods "wget" and "curl" are mainly for historical compatibility but provide may provide capabilities not supported by the "libcurl" or "wininet" methods.

Method "wget" can be used with proxy firewalls which require user/password authentication if proper values are stored in the configuration file for wget.

wget (http://www. gnu. org/software/wget/ ) is commonly installed on Unix-alikes (but not OS X). Windows binaries are available from Cygwin, gnuwin32 and elsewhere.

curl (http://curl. haxx. se/ ) is installed on OS X and commonly on Unix-alikes. Windows binaries are available at that URL.

See Also

options to set the HTTPUserAgent. timeout and internet. info options used by some of the methods.

url for a finer-grained way to read data from URLs.

Contributed package RCurl provides more comprehensive facilities to download from URLs.

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Categorías

binary and varbinary (Transact-SQL)

Fixed-length binary data with a length of n bytes, where n is a value from 1 through 8,000. The storage size is n bytes.

Variable-length binary data. n can be a value from 1 through 8,000. max indicates that the maximum storage size is 2^31-1 bytes. The storage size is the actual length of the data entered + 2 bytes. The data that is entered can be 0 bytes in length. The ANSI SQL synonym for varbinary is binary varying .

SQL Data Warehouse and Parallel Data Warehouse do not support varbinary(max) .

When n is not specified in a data definition or variable declaration statement, the default length is 1. When n is not specified with the CAST function, the default length is 30.

Use binary when the sizes of the column data entries are consistent.

Use varbinary when the sizes of the column data entries vary considerably.

Use varbinary(max) when the column data entries exceed 8,000 bytes. SQL Data Warehouse and Parallel Data Warehouse do not support varbinary(max) .

When data is converted from a string data type ( char . varchar . nchar . nvarchar . binary . varbinary . text . ntext . or image ) to a binary or varbinary data type of unequal length, SQL Server pads or truncates the data on the right. When other data types are converted to binary or varbinary . the data is padded or truncated on the left. Padding is achieved by using hexadecimal zeros.

Converting data to the binary and varbinary data types is useful if binary data is the easiest way to move data around. Converting any value of any type to a binary value of large enough size and then back to the type, will always result in the same value if both conversions are taking place on the same version of SQL Server. The binary representation of a value might change from version to version of SQL Server.

You can convert int . smallint . and tinyint to binary or varbinary . but if you convert the binary value back to an integer value, this value will be different from the original integer value if truncation has occurred. For example, the following SELECT statement shows that the integer value 123456 is usually stored as a binary 0x0001e240 :

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On the best method to GET large stream files with FTP from a UNIX system to an iSeries system, Marilyn, from Connecticut wrote: I have a problem where I'm trying to do a GET from a UNIX machine > to an AS400 machine. The UNIX only supports file structure. The file far exceeds the AS400 limitation for a physical file. I've tried the STRUCT R command but the UNIX doesn't implement it. I've tried the LOCSITE LRECL=80 command and it won't accept that either. Answer: In the V4R4 release of OS/400, the Integrated File System (IFS) provides 64-bit versions of its UNIX-type commands. With the new 64-bit mapping, sizes, offsets, and lengths are represented as 64-bit integers, which eliminates the 2 GB limit. With this change, iSeries users can now store and manipulate large files up to 256 GB in the QSHELL Root (/) or any user-created subdirectory in that environment. Instead of trying to FTP your file into a conventional physical file, you will need to FTP it to the IFS (Integrated File System). What this means is that instead of getting your file into a MYLIB/MYFILE. MEMBER format, you would get it into a file format such as /QSYS. LIB/ libname. LIB/ filename. FILE/ mbrname. MBR your FTP command will look like GET remote_path / remote_file /QSYS. LIB/ libname. LIB/ filename. FILE/ mbrname. MBR

Once you have this file imported in your IFS, you can then use the CPYFRMIMPF command to parse the records out to a conventional, regular physical file. CPYFRMIMPF will even parse fields, if you have delimiters in your incoming data (i. e. data in. csv format). The command would look something like CPYFRMIMPF FROMSTMF('/QSYS. LIB/ libname. LIB/ filename. FILE/ mbrname. MBR') TOFILE( REGULARLIB / REG_FILE ) MBROPT( *REPLACE ) RCDDLM(*ALL)

Here are the actual commands that were used to resolve this question. Note the NAMEFMT 1 command which tells the operating system to look for the IFS file naming convention:

In FTP: MODE BINARY NAMEFMT 1 GET remote_path / remote_file /QSYS. LIB/ libname. LIB/ filename. FILE/ mbrname. MBR

From the Command Line: CPYFRMIMPF FROMSTMF('/QSYS. LIB/ libname. LIB/ filename. FILE/ mbrname. MBR') TOFILE( REGULARLIB / REG_FILE ) MBROPT( *REPLACE ) RCDDLM(*ALL)

Note that this entire stream can be automated using the techniques explained in Practical Programming for AS/400 iSeries FTP Automated Interfaces A good article in the IFS file-size change can be found in MCPressOnline. It is titled "V4R4 APIs Expand AS/400 IFS File Sizes to 256 GB"

On CPYFRMIMPF not accepting nulls when importing a comma-delimited file Wayne from Vancouver wrote: I am trying to import data from a Microsoft XL sheet converted to Comma-delimited format (.csv) using the AS/400 (release v4r4) CPYFRMIMPF command. I and running into trouble when empty cells, represented by two commas with nothing in between (. ) are interpreted by CPYFRMIMPF as being NULL. Is there any way to circumvent this problem? Answer: There are two patches available for the iSeries which address this problem: The V4R4 patch adds a parameter - RPLNULLVAL(*FLDDFT) - which controls the action of CPYFROMIMPF when it encounters a field which contains a null value. Basically, it puts in a default value so that the import can continue. If the field is numeric, the default is a zero, if the field is alpha, the default is blanks. The V4R4 PTF numbers are: SF61859 & SF61937 In V4R5 this feature is already there, except for the earlier releases of V4R5. For systems in that situation, the V4R5 PTF SF62142 will do the trick. These are very small PTFs to download through the ECS modem. They can be installed without having to IPL the system and are effective immediately after applying the patch.

On transmitting special characters, such as square brackets from an RS/6000 UNIX box to an iSeries John, from Toronto wrote: Hi, I was on your site recently and was wondering if you could assist me with this problem. We currently FTP text files from our RS6000 to our AS/400 IFS root file system. p. ej. /home/user..and need those files to be in codepage 37. It seems to work if we type ebcdic before the put command, however, special characters like [ (left square bracket) and ] (right square bracket) DON'T get translated properly . I read your suggestion to one user about using translation tables, but in this case the FTP is taking place FROM the RS6000 NOT the AS/400. Does AIX have any special subcommands I could you to get it in the right codepage? ¿Alguna sugerencia? Answer: This is the answer, which John found by himself: Hi, I figured it out. You need to change the FTP server attributes on the AS/400 side. You can do this in one of two ways: 1) GO CFGTCP to get to the Configure TCP/IP menu. Then select option 20 Configure TCP/IP applications, option 10 Change FTP Attributes..you will see Server Mapping tables keywords for incoming and outgoing. Change the incoming to a mapping table that has those 4 characters remapped to the right hex codes. Press Enter and restart the FTP server jobs. 2) The second and easier way is through Operations Navigator: Open the system you want to change and click on Network, Servers, TCP/IP. In the right window, right click on the FTP job, click Properties, click Mappings tab, check Use specified mapping tables, click on Tables, check Use incoming mapping table, type in the table name and library and click OK twice. Restart the FTP server by right clicking on FTP, stop, wait a couple of minutes, then right click again and click Start. Now, if you FTP from the Unix side to the AS/400 (an IFS file), you don't need to specify EBCDIC as the type. If you still want files in ASCII code, try using type binary.

On Preserving UNIX Record Structure when FTPing a file from UNIX to an iSeries Physical File, Sylvan, from Toronto wrote: I am having an issue regarding FTP that I was hoping you may be able to give me a hand with.

I am trying to GET a file from an FTP site on a UNIX box (Type: L8) directly via scripting from the AS/400. Everything seems to work fine as far as the transfer of data, however when I look at the file which I am receiving from, the carriage returns appear to have been ignore and all records have been concatenated into one long record. I have tried issuing a STRUCT R , but the system replies with a "202 'STRU'. Command not implemented, superfluous at this site."

I have tried defining the receiving file with the exact record length, but this has only allowed the first record to transmit and truncates any others. Do you have any intuition as to what I may be able to do to correct this? Any help is appreciated greatly. Response: I suspect the file on your UNIX box is a simple stream file, which does not have any carriage return characters, thus the difficulties you are experiencing. Answer: This is the answer, which Sylvan found by himself: The original file did contain carriage returns but no line feeds. This did not work. The record structure was not carried to the AS/400 file. We've now tested the FTP process with the same file containing line feeds as well as carriage returns and it now FTP overs to the 400 just fine. I know it sounds odd that a line feed was required since a carriage return already existed, but there were no other changes. Thanks greatly for your time on this problem. I have also tested the FTP process with the file containing only line feeds as record delimiters. This works like a charm--all results now come in record-by-record without issue. Other Explanations: Here are some further explanations on this, credit to http://www. dantobias. com/ for this information. When uploading or downloading HTML files using an FTP (File Transfer Protocol) program, always use ASCII mode rather than BINARY. The reason for this is that different operating systems vary in how they represent line breaks. MS-DOS and Windows systems use a carriage return followed by a linefeed (ASCII characters #13 and #10) at each line break, which is the traditional standard dating back to 1960s Teletypes which needed both characters to get the terminal to both move the carriage to the left margin and move down a line. Developers of some operating systems have decided that this is wasteful and a single character would suffice, but unfortunately they weren't consistent: UNIX ended up using a linefeed (#10) alone (which Unix developers refer to as a "newline" character), while Apple computers (both the old Apple II line and the Macintosh) chose the opposite course of using a carriage return (#13) by itself. The result is that there are three different ways of denoting the end of a line, and software can fail if faced with a file that is delimited in a manner different from your operating system's convention. To avoid these problems, the FTP protocol was developed with an "ASCII mode" that converts line breaks to the appropriate style for the destination system. When you're sending from a UNIX server to a Windows PC, it adds a carriage return before each linefeed. Transferring the other way, it strips the carriage return. Transferring from UNIX to a Mac, it converts the linefeeds to carriage returns. Thus, the integrity of the file is maintained no matter what systems it's transferred between

Regarding Translation Tables, Hany El Moualed, from Saudi Arabia wrote . I am trying to ftp file from AS400 machine to RS6000 one. The text is mixed Arabic and English. I have no problems regarding English text, but the Arabic one is completly rubbish. Do you have any clue about the case of this. Appreciate your help Mr. El Moualed can be reached at elmowald@yahoo. com Response: I suggested to Hany that the translation table for the double-byte characters that are the base of the Arabic language on the AS/400 may be the problem. Resolving this turned out to be a relatively simple matter, although it took some time to find it. Hany found himself the way to do this. He resolved the problem in the following steps: 1) Retrieve the source of the QASCII translation table, using RTVTBLSRC. This takes the contents of the translation table and dumps them into a regular source file. 2) Modify the newly retrieved translation table . using values that would meet the specific requirements of the transfer. Note: this table contains only the translation, for example, in QASCII, EBCDIC Hex 04 translates to ASCII Hex 9C. In the translation table, only 9C will show. An easy way to see this type of table is to use the Work with Tables ( WRKTBL ) command. Pick the table you want to see and put a 5 in front of it. This will display the values inside the table. I have also suggested to Hany to look at the following website: ftp://ftp. unicode. org/Public/UNIDATA/ which contains a number of hex tables for foreign languages. 3) Re-Create the translation table using CRTTBL. Note that the table type is *CVT. Note, it is a good idea not to override a standard IBM table, like QASCII or QEBCDIC. Rather, create your own version of a new table, say " XASCII " or " XEBCDIC " for example. 4) When starting an FTP session . automated or manual, you will use the FTP command. This command is promptable. If you hit F4, you will only get the remote system parameter, but if you hit F10 after that, you will get a new set of parameters, amongst which there is the name of the incoming and outgoing ASCII/EBCDIC tables to use. At this point, you can enter your own customized version of the translation table, as in " XASCII " or " XEBCDIC " for example. 5) Test your new setup with FTP transmissions of data sets that will allow you to reliably verify the desired results.

Regarding Retrieving MGET Results, Amanda, from Ohio, wrote: I am trying to do a multiple get from a novell network to an as400 using ftp. I want to get all exe files from the network and store them in an as400 folder for backup purposes. I thought I could use the mget command but when I try this, the files go the the qgpl library instead of the folder. This is not where I want them. What am I doing wrong. Any help you can give is appreciated. Also, thanks for your article about automating FTP. It was a HUGE help to me. Gracias. Amanda I am using mget *.exe /qdls/plant trying to get it to copy to the plant folder. Response: If you do a HELP MGET in your FTP environment in the AS/400, you will get detailed help on using this command. The key here is that MGET places the results into your current library. If you do not have a current library specified for your environment, OS/400 deems QGPL to be the default. If you issue with your CL the following command, CHGCURLIB CURLIB(XYZ) then XYZ will become your current library and MGET will bring back anything you tell it to and place it in XYZ . You should be able to get away with mget *.exe alone (provided you are in the right directory) and that only would be enough to bring back your files to XYZ or what ever current library you specify for your job.

See also the question below, from Mike from Wisconsin:

Regarding Targetting library-specific files on AS/400, Mike, from Wisconsin, wrote: I was wondering if Amanda (see question above) solved her problem by looking in the help. It looked to me like she may have needed to change name formats and then change directories. For example: namefmt 1 lcd /qdls/plant Response: Following your comment, I have done some digging on the namefmt command. Here for the readers of this website is the short story on namefmt and lcd. I do agree, this combination of commands enable a more precise targetting of libraries and file system within FTP without having to affect the current library and thus the entire job. NAMEFMT (Select File Naming Format)namefmt 1 is the default iSeries format. With it, one can use file notation such as libname/filename. mbrname

namefmt 2 is the a naming format for all file systems supported by FTP. With it, one can use file notation such as /QSYS. LIB/libname. LIB/filename. FILE/mbrname. MBR LCD (Change Working Library or Folder) The LCD subcommand has the same function on the client system as the CD subcommand has on the server system. To change the default library, folder, or directory to which file transfer commands apply on the local system, use the LCD subcommand as follows: lcd pathname Notes: 1. The current library is not changed by the LCD subcommand. Therefore, you can place files where you want them without changing the current directory. 2. When using the LCD FTP command to change from one file system to another file system, the "root" directory must be specified. For example, /QDLS or /QOPT.

Regarding the Type of File Necessary to Store an FTP Script, Lance, from Washington wrote: What type of file should be used to store the FTP Script? Response: The "INPUT" file that will contain the FTP script should be a one-field file. My easy short-cut technique for creating a prototype involves creating a file with the following source:----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- A R REC24 TEXT('Import Record Fmt') A SRCDTA 80A TEXT('Source Data Field') -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

What you can then do is create a source file where you enter your FTP script. All source files have three fields, the sequence number, the date and the source data. All you have to do once you have used PDM to create your script in your source file member is to do a CPYF to send the content of your newly populated source file member to your FTP script source file. Since you are copying from a source file to a regular file, you have to use the convert source (*CVTSRC) format option. CPYF FROMFILE(CATDA7/QSRC) TOFILE(CATDA7/FTPINPUT) FROMMBR(FTPINST) TOMBR(*FIRST) MBROPT(*REPLACE) FMTOPT(*CVTSRC)

Regarding the PASV Command on the AS/400, Woody, from Georgia, wrote: Thibault, I saw a recent discussion on your site about a problem in exchanging files between an AS/400 and a PC. The solution to the problem that the gentleman reported (Jeff) was simply turning off the "pasv" command. Some customers are exchanging data with us from the AS/400 platform using FTP. Most of the time everything works very well but some of them are reporting an occasional disconnect. We have analyzed this situation and found that they always occur on the "pasv" command. Their client automatically issues the "pasv" as a sub command when they perform a "put" or "get" . The disconnects always occur when they do not get an ack back from the first "pasv" . The client reissues the command then you see both the client and our server issue disconnects. We are not sure why the packets get lost because we do see the ack going back. The "pasv" command is not essential for us but the one client that we have worked with on this is saying that they cannot turn it off. I now know that they can. We are not an AS/400 shop so can you tell me how this command can be turned off? WoodyPS. I have been to your city and the surrounding area a couple of times and your view is better than the one I have in Atlanta as well. Response: Hi Woody, Thanks for your question. You want to tell your customer to use the SENDPAsv command. Here is the syntax and some explanation of how to use this command: SENDPASV (Specify Whether to send a PASV Subcommand) is an FTP Client Subcommand used to specify whether or not to send a PASV subcommand to the FTP server when doing a data transfer or issuing the DIR and LS subcommands.

To use this instruction, enter the SENDPASV FTP client subcommand: SENDPASV [0|1] If there is no parameter SENDPASV works like a toggle switch. The SENDPASV value toggles from 1 (ON) to 0 (OFF) or from 0 to 1. When there is a parameter, the valid values are: 0 Do not send a PASV subcommand 1 Send a PASV subcommand. Este es el valor predeterminado. AS/400 system default (on) is to send the PASV subcommand.

When SENDPASV is off, then the server does not send the PASV subcommand. Additional Notes:

1) For a graphic illustration of Active/Passive FTP, go to Active FTP vs. Passive FTP, a Definitive Explanation . This is an excellent page, explaining exactly how FTP behaves in Active mode vs. Passive mode.

2) The iSeries FTP client defaults to passive mode. The default however can be changed to Port mode by using the following command to create a data area which alters the behavior of FTP on OS/400: CRTDTAARAA DTAARA(QUSRSYS/QTMFTPPASV) TYPE(*LGL) AUT*USE This technique, along with a clear text explanation of passive vs. active mode can be found in the IBM document titled "Behavior of FTP Passive Mode" .

Regarding Techniques to Monitor PING Messages, Stephen, from Ontario, wrote: Thibault, I've a CL which monitor the PING, if it failed, the program will not perform FTP immediately. However, the MONMSG of TCP3206/TCP3202/TCP3213 are not working at all. Can you help? Here is the code: PGM /* Verify connection to Host before attempting Transfer */ PING RMTSYS('128.2.2.66') MONMSG MSGID(TCP3202 TCP3206) EXEC(SNDPGMMSG + MSG('Ping to remote not successful')) ENDPGM Here are the results I got. Verifying connection to host system 128.2.2.66. No response from host within 1 seconds for connection verification 1. No response from host within 1 seconds for connection verification 2. No response from host within 1 seconds for connection verification 3. No response from host within 1 seconds for connection verification 4. No response from host within 1 seconds for connection verification 5. Connection verification statistics: 0 of 5 successful (0 %). Response: Hi Stephen, I tried what you did. I found I got identical results to yours if I use a numeric IP address ( 128.2.2.66 for example) instead of a IP table configured system name ( SYSTEMR for example).

The remedy for your problem is to configure a proper IP system name and use that name in your program rather than a numeric IP address. Here is the test code I have used to try this: PGM DCL VAR(&LOCATION) TYPE(*CHAR) LEN(10) VALUE(SYSTEM1) PING RMTSYS(&LOCATION) MONMSG MSGID(TCP3202) EXEC(SNDPGMMSG MSG('Ping to remote location does not work')) ENDPGM

Regarding Line Wrapping in FTP Source Commands, Jim, from California wrote: Hi. I'm running FTP on an AS/400 in batch mode, PUT ting a file with a very long name, to another very long name & I'm running up against the source file (script file) record length wall. Is there a way to continue the FTP command across multiple lines/records? Response: The response is actually from our local IBM rep, Hadi Kilani: Thibault, FTP command line wraping is not supported in OS/400. That is not a common problem with our users. I did research IBM reported user Q&A database with no questions like that.

Regarding Line Wrapping in FTP Source Commands, Jane, from Florida wrote: " I am sending a 108 byte file to a UNIX box. The last 26 bytes are blank so when they get to the unix box they get lost. The customer wants it to be the full 108 bytes so I null filled the file and they complained because they want it blank and nulls are equal to a numeric. So my question is will STRUCT R keep my length of the file at 108 even though the last 26 bytes are blank. I have already been through asking to send a carriage return at 109 but they refused. Would using "STRUCT R" resolve my problem? " Response: This user actually solved the problem without help by using a combination of two FTP subcommands: LOCSITE TRIM 0 ASCII The LOCSITE FTP subcommand specifies whether or not to transfer the trailing blanks in a database file to the remote server. The command can be used in three ways: TRIM 0 Set Trim option to OFF. Trailing blanks of database records are sent. TRIM 1 Set Trim option to ON. Trailing blanks of database records are NOT sent. This is the default setting. TRIM Displays the current setting of the Trim option. Conversely, a client doing a get instruction targetted at an iSeries can use the following instructions to ensure the system will send trailing blanks: QUOTE SITE TRIM 0

Regarding how to transfer Libraries or Save Files using FTP, Ibrahim Shareef, from Saudi Arabia wrote: How can I FTP the contents of an entire library from one AS/400 to another AS/400? Response: Transferring AS/400 Objects or complete libraries with FTP can be done with the help of Save File (files of type *SAVF)A SAVF type file is a physical file with records 528 characters long. Here is how to transfer the contents of a SAVF from one AS/400 to an other:

- Create a Save File ( CRTSAVF ) on the source machine - Save objects in the SAVF - Create a Save file ( CRTSAVF ) on the target machine - FTP to Remote AS/400 mode BINARY PUT FROMLIB/SAVEFILE TOLIB/SAVEFILE

- For Automated Procedures (the SAVF does not have to be on the target AS/400: mode BINARY put /qsys. lib/catda7.lib/fromsavf. savf /qsys. lib/catda7.lib/tosavf. savf

The best method to unpack fields in a physical file before an FTP Transmission This is a tip that I presented at the Pacific Midrange Systems Association: Response: Use the Copy to Import File command: CPYTOIMPF Example of CPYTOIMPF. CPYTOIMPF FROMFILE(DB2FILE) TOFILE(EXPFILE) FLDDLM(';') RCDDLM(X'07') All records of externally described file DB2FILE will be copied to import file EXPFILE. Fields in the import file will be delimited by a semi-colon (;) character. Each record in the import file will be delimited by a hexadecimal '07' character.

Signon via FTP does not update the USRPRF profile with the date and time last accessed. Jim, from Vermont asks: Any time we sign on to the AS/400 via FTP it does not update the user profile with the date and time last accessed. We have users that will only be accessing the AS/400 via FTP. Since we also have a program that deletes user profiles after 60 day's this will cause a problem. We do not want to set the password expiry date to *NOMAX for security reasons. Is there any way you know of to force as FTP signon to trigger an update to the user profile automatically for the last access date? Response: I have discussed the situation you inquired about with my colleague Mark Whiteside, of Shell Canada Limited. The response that follows is the result of our conversation: 1) I have tried myself and verified what you have said about the "Previous Signon" date and time. Signing on via FTP does not update these values for the user profile used.

The problem is that when you signon via FTP, your session is handled by some special FTP server job rather than through a normal QINTER signon session. From all we know, you cannot force FTP signon to trigger an update to the user profile automatically for the last access date. 2) There are two ways to solve the security exposure that is at the heart of your question: a) If you want a home-grown solution, we advise the following: It is our joint opinion that the best way to handle this situation is to use an FTP Exit Program to capture the FTP signon event. Based on this event, use the Exit Program to write or update physical file record containing the user profile and the date & time of signon. Your automatic user profile delete program should then check two places instead of one: the user profile last used date and time and the last access date and time in the file you wrote to or update to with the FTP exit program. FTP Exit programs will accept and return the the following parameters: - Application ID (FTP Client for example) - Operation ID (Sending a file for examle) - User Profile - Remote IP address - Length of remote IP address - Operation - Length of operation - Allow Operation (this value when returned, will determine if the operation will be allowed or not) A good example of an exit program, written by Alex Garrison, can be found on this site in the Downloads area of this website.- WRKREGINF displays a list of the various system exit points - The exit point for FTP is QIBMQTMF_SVR_LOGON. This is where you specify a user-built program that is called every time a user tries to logon to your AS/400 via FTP If you are aiming for a stronger, more comprehensive solution, you can use a complete AS/400 internet and TCP/IP security solution such as PowerLock. You can find more information about their products at http://www.400security. com/products. htm - this would give you a much more robust and complete security solution to this problem. Note: I have no shares or interest in PowerLock but I can tell you that my experience with their products where I work at my current customer has been very positive. Alternative Solution proposed by Jim: Thibault:

We found a API on the system that will allow us to change the signon date and time to current. It is QSYCHGPR. This API can be called from the exit program or imbedded in the QUOTE RCMD command command if you are executing one within FTP. Thanks for your help, Jim

Regarding an FTP QUOTE operation to a target system which works from one location but not from the other, Ricky from Arkansas asks: I am trying to help an associate figure out why he can't issue the QUOTE subcommand from an ftp session on his AS/400 when I can do it from my AS/400. The problem goes like this: I, in Arkansas, can FTP a file to a client in Kentucky and then issue "QUOTE RCMD CALL LIBNAME/PGMNAME" and have it execute successfully.

When my associate, in New Jersey, FTP's a file to the same client in Kentucky (logged in with the same user name as me) his QUOTE statement always fails.

The log file always lists reply code 500 "Syntax error; command unrecognized." Any suggestions you might have into this matter will be greatly appreciated. Response: My first observation is that since you use the same user profile, the only difference between you and your New Jersey colleague is the origin from which you come do enter your Kentucky client's system. You obviously connect from different IP addresses. If anything is right, your client probably has (at least, one does not exclude an other) one of the following 3 IP protection tools running on their network: - an external firewall - an AS/400 IP security software system, such as PowerTech PowerLock - an AS/400 home-grown exit program I cannot talk about all firewalls, but certainly, I can tell you about what AS/400 FTP exit programs can do. These exit programs can accept 7 different parameters to decide if they want to block a command. Conceivably, they can block an FTP command such as QUOTE, based on, amongst other things, the remote IP address. FTP Exit programs will accept and return the the following parameters:FTP Exit programs will accept and return the the following parameters: - Application ID (FTP Client for example) - Operation ID (Sending a file for example) - User Profile - Remote IP address - Length of remote IP address - Operation - Length of operation - Allow Operation (this value when returned, will determine if the operation will be allowed or not) Knowing this, it is conceivable that your client has opened up your Kansas Location FTP access in either their firewall or their AS/400 controls with some rules based on remote IP address. I suspect strongly that they have not granted the EXACT SAME privileges to your New Jersey colleague as they have to you in Arkansas. This would explain why the New Jersey requests are rejected. They are rejected on the basis of "where does the command come from?".

The error message, saying "Syntax error; command unrecognized." to me is a bit of a red herring. AS/400 FTP error messages, in my experience, are not always meaningful and sometimes they are downright misleading. I would ask your client's network administrator and AS/400 TCP/IP administrator what actions they took to open their system to you-in-Arkansas, and how they would differ with how they opened the connection to you-in-New-Jersey. They may say the openings are identical, but I would question that, based on what you told me. Give me some news on this if you are successful, this is a very interesting problem. Thanks, Thibault. Confirmation from Ricky: Thank you for your quick reply and thoughts. You were correct in the suggestion that a firewall was involved, however the problem wasn't at Kentucky but at New Jersey. Within the software on New Jersey's LAN server, you had to specifically enter in acceptable FTP subcommands that were allowed and of course the QUOTE command wasn't there. Once added, everything fell into place. De nuevo, gracias por tu ayuda.

Yours truly, Ricky

On how to override the FTP default port of communication on iSeries, Monlisa, of Toronto, asks: I have a HK partner giving me the IP address as '111.222.133.114' . When using a standard FTP command on the iSeries, it will automatically routes the transmission to through port 21 . Our partner however, asked me to use port 2888 rather than port 21 . How can I redirect FTP to use an other port? Can I specify during the initial ftp command ? Response: I did not find the answer to this question, but Monlisa did get it from IBM's Technical Services. The answer is YES to both questions above. The solution : The solution is to FTP to either an IP address, or a named server, followed by a blank character and then by the port number. Here is an example of the command and the resulting response from an FTP example where the FTP client who is issuing the command wants to communicate on Port 2888:

FTP request from the local system: FTP RMTSYS('111.222.133.114 2888') FTP response from the remote system: Connecting to remote host 111.222.133.114 using port 2888. 220 hksvr005 Microsoft FTP Service (Version 4.0). Note: The example above shows an IP address, a www address can be used also, if it is an FTP host. The command would then look like: FTP RMTSYS('www. example. net 1777')

On how to export an iSeries type DB2 file to Microsoft Excel, Sylvia, of Calgary, asks: I have a file with a mixture of character, packed and zoned fields, some with positive, some with negative values. What would be the most efficient way to export these to a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet? Response: The first challenge in this situation is to unpack the numeric data so that it can be translated from EBCDIC to ASCII, and to keep the signs also. The second challenge is to insert some type of delimiter between each field, so that EXCEL can see the boundaries between fields when it does the import. The solution : One little known command on the standard iSeries operating system can do this for you in one pass: CPYTOIMPF Here is an example of how to use this command: CPYTOIMPF FROMFILE(DB2FILE) TOFILE(IMPFILE) FLDDLM(';') RCDDLM(X'07') In the example above, All records of externally described file DB2FILE will be copied to import file EXPFILE. The packed fields will be unpacked, the zone fields will remain zoned, and each field will be delimited by a ';' character and the record delimiter will be a X'07'. Once you have the EXPFILE created, you can conveniently FTP it to a PC or to a Local Area Network drive as a. txt file, such as IMPFILE. TXT. From there, in its new unpacked, delimited and translated to ASCII format, the resulting file ( IMPFILE. TXT in this example) can be comfortably imported into an EXCEL sheet.

On how to execute a command on a remote AS/400 using FTP, Yvon, of Montreal, asks: I am trying to send command to my AS400 using the FTP. I can do CLRPFM and other IBM commands but when I do a CALL RPG_PGM passing with it a parameter, it does not do anything. I have entered the following command: quote rcmd call ftptestpgm 'testingparm' Any suggestions? The solution : Regarding your question on FTP, the rule of thumb is to write the command as it will be understood by the AS/400. When you type call ftptestpgm 'testingparm' on a command line, it is actually parsed and formatted out into something the system can understand: CALL PGM(FTPTESTPGM) PARM('testingparm') This parsing and formatting does not occur when you enter your command on the FTP QUOTE RCMD function. To help you find what should be typed exactly, use the F4 function on the AS/400 command line, then use the F14 function key to display the command string. Copy and paste the string into your FTP session and it should always be successful. The command line in your script file would thus look like QUOTE RCMD CALL PGM(FTPTESTPGM) PARM('TESTINGPARM') Note: the FTP instructions and the call instructions are not case-sensitive. The parameter, however is case-sensitive and should be sent with the case formatting the program is expecting.

On how to dynamically FTP Documents to iSeries Active Users Will, from Utah, wrote: "Do you know of any way to dynamically retrieve the IP address of a user's local PC in order to do an FTP to a local drive without requiring the user to do the transfer manually, utilizing the FTP program of the emulation software?

I would like to somehow get the IP address and feed it as a parameter to a CL program where I could then download a file to the PC which has been previously created on the AS400. " Response: 1) Call the qusrjobi API to retrieve the IP address of your customer. If the job is still active (the API does tell you if that is the case or not)

2) Using that information, you can use an RPG or COBOL or C program to customize an INPUT file where it would connect to the IP address just found.

3) You run that INPUT file (see FTP Automation article example and technique to use for batch FTP) and monitor for results. Note: The QUSRJOBI API program, "Retrieve Job Information", part of iSeries's WORK MANAGEMENT APIs, can retreive the Client IP address in its JOBI0600 format. (search for "API finder" in the IBM iSeries Information Center to get the specs).

Regarding Reliable FTP CLIENT on PC SERVER, Jeff, from Chicago, wrote: I'm wondering if you could point me in the right direction on a problem I'm currently having with the AS/400 FTP client? I am using the WAR FTP Daemon on my PC. Using the AS/400 FTP client, I can GET files from my PC to the 400, but when I try to PUT a file, nothing happens. An empty shell of the file is created on the PC, but no data transfer takes place. The WAR FTP Daemon responds with: 227 Entering Passive Mode (nn, n,n, nnn, n,nn) 125 Ready to receive "my-file-name". Mode Stream Type Ascii This is all that happens - no data gets transferred. Ultimately, my goal is to automate PUT ting Domino/Notes files from the AS/400 to my Network. ¿Me puedes ayudar? Response: As far as WAR FTP. did you study the possible settings in the manual (assumed) supplied with the software? Perhaps the answer is simpler than you would think. I had very reliable and consistent success with an FTP software package for Windows called WS_FTP Server, by IPswitch. IPswitch has a website at http://www. ipswitch. com/. You can order the product and download the manuals on-line. Jeff wrote. Thanks for your help -- I found my problem. It was with the PASV subcommand. I needed to turn it off. Everything seems to be working now. I am writing from a suburb of Chicago. Additional Note: For best understanding of Active/Passive FTP, go to Active FTP vs. Passive FTP, a Definitive Explanation . This is an excellent page, explaining exactly how FTP behaves in Active mode vs. Passive mode.

On ways to use FTP to connect to a remote server with the intention to manipulate data, Daniel from Orange County, California wrote: I work with for a company who owns several systems, amongst which there are AS/400. I can FTP from/to these systems but no DDM is allowed. Would there be a way to manipulate data on a remote system using FTP? Answer: One other indirect way to do manipulate data in batch, may be to use the FTP instruction "QUOTE", which lets you run a program remotely on the remote box you are communicating with. If for example, you are on AS400A, and you have program AAAAA on that box, but you would want to run it on AS400_B. The steps to follow to do this with FTP would be:

1) Use SAVOBJ to save your program into a save file (SAVF) 2) Use FTP to send it in binary mode to AS400B (there are examples of that in the Tylogix FTP FAQ) 3) Run program AAAAA on AS400B, while you are on AS400A, using FTP instruction "QUOTE" to send the instruction to run the program remotely. As an other solution, if you have an ODBC access to these remote boxes, you may be able to connect with an ODBC-enabled software (even Microsoft XL will do that) and retrieve data that way. I do not know of any iSeries equivalent of Oracle's TOAD (available on the Internet at www. toadsoft. com/ ) to do that more directly. A third solution would be to use SQL directly. With SQL on AS/400, you can actually connect to a remote system on your network and issue SQL commands that will be executed directly on the remote database (see "How to maipulate data on a remote system" in the Tylogix SQL Page page.

On ways to secure FTP transmissions, John, from Massachusetts, wrote: Is it possible to do Secure FTP connections using RPG on an AS/400? If so, do you have any web resources with RPG programming info? Answer: The best article on this topic, currently on the Web (as of September 2003) is at V5R2 FTP Security Enhancements. by Andrew Borts.

On how to transmit data in a stream format, Eddie, from Georgia asked: I have a problem that I cannot find the answer to. I have a file on the AS/400 that I FTP to our server for EDI. The EDI data is then sent to a large customer. Our customer said they are receiving it "blocked" and NOT a continuous stream of data. I tried the STRUCT F when sending the file to the FTP server but it still shows up in the same format as it was stored on the AS/400 ie. record, record, record etc. Is there any way to send a file FROM the AS/400 that will arrive and appear in the folder as one contiguous stream of data? Answer: The trick is to first copy your data file into the IFS (Integrated File System) CRTDIR DIR(transmitdirectory) /* Create Directory on the IFS */CPYTOIMPF FROMFILE(MYLIB/MYFILE) + TOSTMF('/TRANSMITDIRECTORY/CUSTOMERFILE. TXT') /* Copy file to IFS */ MBROPT(*REPLACE) RCDDLM(*CR) DTAFMT(*FIXED) Note: *** The command parameter RCDDLM(*CR) to define a carriage return *** The command parameter DTAFMT(*FIXED) is necessary to compress out the blanks trailing the actual field data. In the FTP command set, you then need to use NAMEFMT 1 to tell FTP on the iSeries to address the IFS: NAMEFMT 1 ASCII PUT /transmitdirectory/customerfile. txt /remotedirectory/customerfile. txt QUIT

On how to transmit database files which happen to have NULL values, Steve, from Alberta asked: I have a problem that I cannot find the answer to. I have a file on the AS/400 that I FTP to our server for EDI. The EDI data is then sent to a large customer. Our customer said they are receiving it "blocked" and NOT a continuous stream of data. I tried the STRUCT F when sending the file to the FTP server but it still shows up in the same format as it was stored on the AS/400 ie. record, record, record etc. Is there any way to send a file FROM the AS/400 that will arrive and appear in the folder as one contiguous stream of data? Answer: Use the NULLFLDS FTP keyword. It can instruct FTP to allow or not allow transmission of database files containing NULL fields. here is the syntax:

NULLFLDS [ 0 | 1 ] When you enter a parameter the valid values are: 0 Do not allow transfer of database files that contain NULL fields. Este es el valor predeterminado. 1 Allow transfer of database files that contain NULL fields.

On how to receive stream files using FTP on iSeries, Ann, from Germany asked:

Is there a way to process/cut endless stream files received via FTP because we can only process files with specific length example 80 characters?

Is there any way to send a file FROM the AS/400 that will arrive and appear in the folder as one contiguous stream of data? Ann found the answer herself and graciously shares it :

1. Our partner sends endless stream files. (that's default, we can't do anything against this unless they will put carriage return as delimiter) 2. We fetch it and save in the directory in AS/400 and NOT to a normal physical file. (CRTDIR to create directory) 3. Then from the directory, we used CPYFRMSTMF command to copy the records to a source physical file having the length we prefer (example 225 characters). 4. From that source pf, we copy the records to the NORMAL physical file (with fields) and convert it to data. 5. Then, the data/records are ready for processing. (Finish..)

It's easy now since we have so many possibilities in AS/400 and that's the good thing in this.

On how to monitor TCP/IP traffic at a low level

Is there a way to see the exact FTP traffic at a low level?

Answer: There are several free TCP/IP packet sniffers available for download on the Internet. They can be used to effectively monitor traffic between two points in a network.

A number of packet sniffers can be found at this address http://www. tech-faq. com/packet-sniffer. shtml

On how to monitor launch a job on a remote system from the iSeries

Bob asked: Is it possible to issue a command from the AS/400 that would invoke a script or batch file on a remote system?

Answer: There I have two methods that you may want to look at:

1) Using FTP, you can create a script that will do USER user PASSWORD p assword QUOTE command to call QUIT

and you can monitor for the results.

2) You may want to try the following command: RUNRMTCMD CMD('D:\batfiles\runyourjob. bat') RMTLOCNAME('111.111.111.111 ' *IP) RMTUSER ( yourusername ) RMTPWD (' Your_remote_Password ')

A number of packet sniffers can be found at this address http://www. tech-faq. com/packet-sniffer. shtml

On how to access the IFS:

The easiest way to access the contents of the IFS is

dspf '/' to display the IFS root path

WRKLNK IFS to explore the IFS

On how to launch a process on a remote system:

This is a relatively simple command, but one has to know. Using the IP address, the user profile and the password for the remote server, one can launch a process very easily, provided the firewall and privileges are configured to allow this type of action.

RUNRMTCMD CMD('c:\ftpbatfiles\run_procedure. bat') RMTLOCNAME('122.121.123.321' *IP) RMTUSER(USERNAME) RMTPWD('PASSWORD')

Thibault Dambrine is a Computer Consultant, based in Calgary, Alberta (Canada). He can be reached at (403) 263-6556 or via e-mail at dambrine@tylogix. com.

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Using SFTP

FTP, or File Transfer Protocol, has been moving files from computer to computer since the earliest days of the Internet. To cope with today's more dangerous Internet FTP has added encryption, becoming Secure FTP or SFTP. But the commands remain the same.

There are a wide variety of SFTP clients that will take care of all the actual commands for you, giving you a drag-and-drop interface similar to Windows. For Windows we suggest SecureFX. But SFTP is not difficult to use. In fact, if you're comfortable with Linux you'll find that you only need to learn a few extra commands.

To run SFTP from one of the SSCC Linux servers, type

Where server should be replace by the name of the server you wish to connect to.

The SSCC maintains two FTP servers: ftp. ssc. wisc. edu connects to the Linux file system; ntftp. ssc. wisc. edu connects to the Windows network. In both cases once you log in your remote directory will start out as your home directory.

SSCC FTP Server Addresses

Note that Linstat does not accept FTP connections. Use ftp. ssc. wisc. edu instead.

FTP Commands

The following basic commands are probably all you'll need to use SFTP.

Changes the remote directory to the the directory you enter. Note that Windows servers will generally allow you to use the Linux style slash in path names ( directory/subdirectory ), but Linux servers will not allow you to use the Windows style backslash ( directory\subdirectory ).

Changes the local directory to the directory you enter.

Lists the tables of the remote directory

Changes the transfer mode to binary. In these days of proprietary formats for essentially everything, you almost always want to be in binary mode. Many FTP implementations now default to binary mode, but some don't. If you're not in binary mode most files will be garbled in transit, so always check.

Copies a file from the remote directory to the local directory. Along with put. this is FTP's raison d'etre. Note that if you already have a file with the same name it will be overwritten without warning, so be careful!

Copies a file from the local directory to the remote directory. The same warning applies.

Works like get. except that you can use wildcards (*, etc.) to specify multiple files.

Works like put. except that you can use wildcards (*, etc.) to specify multiple files.

Lists all the commands available in FTP, but doesn't explain them. Thus it's mostly useful as a reminder.

Quits FTP ( exit or logout won't work).

Anonymous FTP

Anonymous FTP allows anyone to use an FTP server, but with many restrictions. It is commonly used for distributing files. When you are asked for a login name just enter anonymous. You will be asked to give your email address as a password, though this is not always enforced.

You can use anonymous FTP to transfer files back and forth between yourself and people who do not have SSCC accounts. However, it is insecure by definition since anyone can use it. Realistically it's unlikely anyone will be prowling our FTP site just to see if anything looks interesting, nevertheless, anonymous FTP should never be used for confidential data.

Making a File Available by Anonymous FTP

The SSCC allows anonymous FTP only to our Linux FTP server ( ftp. ssc. wisc. edu ). To give someone access to a file by anonymous FTP, log in to Linux, create a directory for yourself under /usr/ftp/pub (for example /usr/ftp/pub/rdimond ) and place the file in that directory. The permissions must be set such that others can read the file and both read and execute the directory. The following Linux commands will make a file currently stored in your home directory accessible by anonymous FTP:

& Gt; cd /usr/ftp/pub > mkdir username > cp

/ filename ./ username > chmod - R o+r username > chmod o+x username

To get the file, after starting FTP and logging in as anonymous. one would type at the ftp> prompt:

ftp> binary ftp> cd pub/ username ftp> get filename

Note that literally anyone could get the file in this way; you cannot limit access to anonymous FTP.

Receiving Files by Anonymous FTP

You can also have people outside the SSCC log in as anonymous in order to send you files. Once logged in they need to do the following:

ftp> binary ftp> cd incoming ftp> put filename

The file will be stored in /usr/ftp/incoming. Note that all files in the incoming directory are deleted every few days to prevent abuse. You can copy the file to your home directory by typing the following at the Linuxprompt:

& Gt; cp /usr/ftp/incoming/ filename

Of course anyone with an SSCC account could do the same. You cannot delete the original file after you have copied it, but it will be deleted in the course of normal maintenance.

Last Revised: 5/17/2006

Take Command / TCC Help v. 19.0

If you don't specify any arguments, COPY will display its command dialog.

The simplest use of COPY is to make a copy of a file, like this example which makes a copy of a file called FILE1.ABC.

copy file1.abc file2.def

You can also copy a file to another drive and/or directory. The following command copies FILE1 to the \MYDIR directory on drive E.

copy file1 e:\mydir

When you COPY files to or from an LFN drive, you must quote any file names which contain white space or special characters.

If you specify the /C, /CF, /R, /U, or /UF options, COPY will append a. to the copy specifier if the target exists and is being overwritten. Por ejemplo:

[d:\] copy file1 file2

To emulate an approach used by some implementations of CMD. see the COPYCMD topic.

COPY sets three internal variables:

You can copy several files at once by using wildcards.

copy *.txt e:\mydir

You can also list several source files in one command. The following command copies 3 specific files from the current directory to the \MYDIR directory on drive E:

copy file1 file2 file3 e:\mydir

COPY also understands include lists. so you can specify several different kinds of files in the same command. This command copies the. TXT. DOC. and. BAT files from the E:\MYDIR directory to the root directory of drive A:

copy e:\mydir\*.txt;*.doc;*.bat a:\

If there is only one parameter on the line, COPY assumes it is the source. and uses the current drive and directory as the destination. For example, the following command copies all the. DAT files from the current directory on drive A to the current directory on the current drive:

If there are two or more parameters on the line separated by spaces, then COPY assumes that the last parameter is the destination and copies all source files to this new location. If the destination is a drive, directory, or device name, the source files are copied individually to the new location. If the destination is a file name, the first source file is copied to the destination. and any additional source files are then appended to the new destination file.

For example, the first of these commands copies the. DAT files from the current directory on drive A individually to C:\MYDIR (which must already exist as a directory); the second appends all the. DAT files together into one large file called C:\DATA (assuming C:\DATA is not a directory):

copy a:*.dat c:\mydir\

copy a:*.dat c:\data

When you copy to a directory, if you add a backslash \ to the end of the name as shown in the first example above, COPY will display an error message if the name does not refer to an existing directory. You can use this feature to keep COPY from treating a mistyped destination directory name as a file name and attempting to append all your source files to a single destination file, when you really meant to copy them individually to a destination directory.

To copy text to or from the clipboard use CLIP: as the device name. Using CLIP: with non-text data will produce unpredictable results. See Redirection for more information on CLIP.

& # 8226; Appending Files

A plus sign + tells COPY to append two or more source files to a single destination file. If you list several source files separated with + and don't specify a destination. COPY will use the name of the first source file as the destination, and append each subsequent file to the first file.

For example, the following command will append the contents of MEMO2 and MEMO3 to MEMO1 and leave the combined contents in the file named MEMO1.

To append the same three files but store the result in BIGMEMO:

copy memo1+memo2+memo3 bigmemo

If no destination is specified, the destination file will always be created in the current directory even if the first source file is in another directory or on another drive. For example, this command will append C:\MEM\MEMO2 and C:\MEM\MEMO3 to D:\DATA\MEMO1. and leave the result in C:\MEM\MEMO1.

[c:\mem] copy d:\data\memo1+memo2+memo3

You cannot append files to a device (such as a printer); if you try to do so, COPY will ignore the + signs and copy the files individually. If you attempt to append several source files to a destination directory or disk, COPY will append the files and place the copy in the new location with the same name as the first source file.

You cannot append a file to itself.

If you have appropriate permissions, you can copy to and from Internet URLs (FTP, TFTP and HTTP). Many FTP servers use case sensitive file systems. Por ejemplo:

copy ftp://ftp. abc. com/xyz/index index

Files copied to or from FTP/HTTP Servers are normally transferred in binary mode. To perform an ASCII transfer use the /L switch. File descriptions are not copied when copying files to an Internet URL.

COPY supports the special syntax

to directly copy text from the console to an ftp location.

Wildcard characters such as * and. will be treated as wildcards in FTP URLs, but will be treated as normal characters in HTTP URLs.

Note: The /G option (percentage copied) may report erratic values during transfer of files larger than 4 Gb (an ftp limitation) and during http downloads.

You can also use the IFTP command to start an FTP session on a server, and then use an abbreviated syntax to specify the files and directories you want. For more information, see Using FTP/HTTP Servers and IFTP.

& # 8226; NTFS File Streams

COPY supports file streams on NTFS drives. You can copy an individual stream by specifying the stream name, for example:

copy myfile:mystream stream. copy

If no stream name is specified the entire file is copied, including all streams. However, if you copy a file to a drive or device which does not support streams, only the file's primary data is copied; any additional streams are not processed.

See NTFS File Streams for additional details.

& # 8226; Advanced Features

If your destination has wildcards in it, COPY will attempt to match them with the source names. For example, this command copies the. DAT files from drive A to C:\MYDIR and gives the new copies the extension. DX.

copy a:*.dat c:\mydir\*.dx

This feature can give you unexpected results if you use it with multiple source file names. For example, suppose that drive A contains XYZ. DAT and XYZ. TXT. The command:

copy a:\*.dat a:\*.txt c:\mydir\*.dx

will copy A:XYZ. DAT to C:\MYDIR\XYZ. DX. Then it will copy A:XYZ. TXT to C:\MYDIR\XYZ. DX. overwriting the first file it copied.

You can use date, time, and size ranges to further define the files that you want to copy. This example copies every file in the E:\MYDIR directory, which was created or modified yesterday, and which is also 10,000 bytes or smaller in size, to the root directory of drive A.

copy /[d-1] /[s0,10000] e:\mydir\* a:\

You can also use file exclusion ranges to restrict the list of files that would normally be selected with wildcards. This example copies every file in the E:\MYDIR directory except backup (.BAK or. BK ) files:

copy /[!*.bak *.bk] e:\mydir\* a:\

COPY will normally process source files which do not have the hidden or system attribute, and will ignore the read-only and archive attributes. It will always set the archive attribute and clear the read-only attribute of destination files. In addition, if the destination is an existing file with the read-only attribute, COPY will generate an Access Denied error and refuse to overwrite the file. You can alter some of these behaviors with switches:

Forces COPY to process source files with the attributes you specify after the. or to process all source files regardless of attributes, if /A: is used by itself.

Forces COPY to process hidden and system source files, as well as normal files. The hidden and system attributes from each source file will be preserved when creating the destination files.

Retains the read-only attribute from each source file when creating the destination file. See /K below for a special note if you are running under Novell NetWare.

Note: The wildcard expansion process will attempt to allow both CMD - style " extension " matching (assumes only one extension, at the end of the word) and the advanced TCC string matching (allowing things like *.*.abc ) when an asterisk is encountered in the destination of a COPY command.

COPY supports regular expression back references in the target name. If you are using back references, you must also use a regular expression in the source name. The syntax is:

dupdo. filename. objetivo

COPY supports connected web folders. If an HTML file (i. e. with an. htm or. html extension) is copied, COPY will look for a folder in the same directory with the same name and an extension of ".files". If it is found, the. files directory will be copied to the target directory. You can disable connected web folders by setting the registry key:

You can override the default HTTP proxy server, proxy user, and proxy password (set in TCMD. INI) with the /Proxy. Opciones.

The /A (ASCII copy) and /B (binary copy) options apply to the preceding filename and to all subsequent filenames on the command line until the file name preceding the next /A or /B. if any. All other options apply to all filenames on the command line, no matter where you put them.

Some options do not make sense in certain contexts, in which case COPY will ignore them. For example, you cannot prompt before replacing an existing file when the destination is a device such as the printer; there's no such thing as an "existing file" on the printer. If you use conflicting output options, like /Q and /P. COPY will generally take a "conservative" approach and give priority to the option which generates more prompts or more information.

Display the COPY command dialog to help you set the filename and command line options. You cannot specify any other arguments on the command line.

If you use /A with a source filename, the file will be copied up to, but not including, the first Control-Z (ASCII: 26) character in the file. If you use /A with a destination filename, a Control-Z will be added to the end of the file. /A is the default when appending files, or when the destination is a device like NUL. rather than a disk file.

This option applies to the filename immediately preceding it, and to all subsequent filenames until the file name preceding the next /A or /B option.

Select only those files that have the specified attribute(s) set. See Attribute Switches for information on the attributes which can follow /A. See the cautionary note under Advanced Features above before using /A: when both source and destination directories contain file descriptions. You must include the colon with this option to distinguish it from the /A switch, above. Do not use /A: with @file lists. See @file lists for details. Hidden or system files selected by this option overwrite hidden or system files.

You can specify /A:= to display a dialog to help you set individual attributes.

If you use /B with a source filename, the entire file is copied; Ctrl-Z characters, if any, in the file are considered ordinary data to be copied. Using /B with a destination filename prevents addition of a Ctrl-Z to the end of the destination file. /B is the default unless source files are appended to the target file, or the target is a device, e. g. NUL.

This option applies to the filename immediately preceding it, and to all subsequent filenames until the file name preceding the next /A or /B option.

Copy files only if the destination file exists and is older than the source (see also /U ). This option is useful for updating the files in one directory from those in another without copying any files not already in the target directory. Before using /C in a network environment, be sure to read the note under /U. Do not use /C with @file lists. See @file lists for details.

Copy files only if the destination file exists and is more than 2 seconds older than the source (see also /C and /UF ). Do not use /CF with @file lists. See @file lists for details.

Steve Friedl's Unixwiz. net Tools

ftpput - command-line send of FTP files

We've long used the wget to fetch data from a remote web or ftp server, but for customer projects we've needed to do the opposite: send a file to a remote FTP server. In the past we've done it either piping a response file to FTP or building a front end with Expect. Neither of this is really the right answer, as they don't handle error conditions terribly well.

Having done this one too many times and gotten sick of it, we decided to write a perl program that talks to the remote server directly using the Net::FTP module. This made the whole thing easy and reliable. The program is not very large at all - just a front end for the real workhorse provided by Net::FTP.

Visión de conjunto

This program takes a handful of options (with only --server being required), plus a list of files to send to the other end. The options can be in any order, and at least one filename is required (it won't read from the standard input).

--help Show a brief help listing to the standard error and exit. --debug Enable Net::FTP package debugging. This is quite verbose and the output format is not always very helpful. For everyday use, try --verbose instead. --verbose Print the name of each file being transferred. This isk much less "noisy" than --debug . --server= SVR Connect to the FTP server SVR . This can be a hostname or an IP address. This parameter is required . --user= U Login as the user U . or use anonymous if not given. --pass= PASS Provide password PASS to the FTP server during login. This defaults to " - anonymous@ " if not given, but this is not very meaningful if this is not an anonymous connection. Sorry that this password is provided in cleartext on the command line: this has been entirely suitable for all of our applications. --dir= DIR Change to directory DIR on the remote system before sending any files. All the files provided on the command line have only the final part of the pathname considered - the directory path of the source files are not considered in any way. --passive Use passive FTP mode instead of active. This may be required by an Internet firewall in between your station and the remote FTP server. --ascii Send the file in ASCII mode, which attempts to convert the local line termination (CR/LF, newline, CR) to that used by the remote server. This is only useful for text files. --binary Use binary ("image") mode when sending the file to the remote system. This performs no conversions of any kind on the data. --hash Print a hash mark ( # ) every 1024 bytes during the transfer to show progress.

The password is provided on the command line, and it can usually be seen by anybody running the "ps" command. This is not secure.

There is no way to put files to multiple directories on the remote server - all the files go into the same directory. We don't want to make the target directory depend on the source path, but we may look for a way to do this.

This program has no proxy support (yet).

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Revision History

v1.0 (2003/05/09) - Initial release

12 scp command examples to transfer files on Linux

Secure copy

Scp (Secure Copy) is a command line tool to copy or transfer files across hosts. It uses the same kind of security mechanism like the ssh program. Infact it uses an ssh connection in the background to perform the file transfer. scp refers both to the "protocol" that defines how secure copy should work and the "program" (command) which is installed as a part of OpenSSH suite of tools.

In this quick tutorial we shall look at a few examples the scp command and how it can be used to transfer files securely.

Installing scp

Scp is generally installed by default on most linux distros as a part of openssh packages. On ubuntu/debian for example, the openssh-client package provides the scp program.

Its the OpenSSH package that provides the ssh, scp, sftp programs along with many other tools. So we do not have to do anything extra in here, except to use and learn the program.

Using scp

The basic syntax of scp is very simple to memorize. It looks like this

Depending on the host, the file path should include the full host address, port number, username and password along with the directory path.

So if you are "sending" file from your local machine to a remote machine (uploading) the syntax would look like this

When copying file from remote host to local host (downloading), its looks just the reverse

That is pretty much about using scp for regular tasks. Apart from it, there are a couple of extra options and functions that scp supports. Lets take a quick overview of those.

And yes, by default scp will always overwrite files on the destination. If you need to avoid that, use a more powerful tool called rsync.

1. Verbose output

With verbose output, the scp program would output lots of information about what it does in the background. This is often useful when the program fails or is unable to complete the request. The verbose output would then indicate the exact point where the program ran into issues.

The output would be big and contain detailed information about how the connection is made, what configuration and identity files are being used and so on.

2. Transfer multiple files

Multiple files can be specified separated by a space like this

To copy multiple files from remote host to current local directory

3. Copy entire directory (recursively)

To copy an entire directory from one host to another use the r switch and specify the directory

4. Copy files across 2 remote hosts

Scp can copy files from 1 remote host to another remote host as well.

5. Speed up the transfer with compression

A super cool option to speed up the transfer to save time and bandwidth. All you need to do is use the C option to enable compression. The files are compressed on the fly and decompressed on the destination.

In the above example we moved the entire directory with compression enabled. The speed gain would depend on how much the files could be compressed.

6. Limit the bandwidth usage

If you do not want scp to take up the entire available bandwidth, then use the l option to limit the maximum speed in Kbit/s.

7. Connect to a different port number on remote host

If the remote server has ssh daemon running on a different port (default is 22), then you need to tell scp to use that particular port number using the '-P' option.

8. Preserve file attributes

The '-p' option (smallcase), would preserve modification times, access times, and modes from the original file.

9. Quiet mode

In quiet mode ( '-q' option ), the scp output would get suppressed, and would disable the progress meter as well as warning and diagnostic messages.

10. Specify identity file

When using key based (passwordless) authentication, you would need to specify the identity file which contains the private key. This option is directly passed to the ssh command and works the same way.

11. Use a different ssh_config file

Use the '-F' option to specify a different ssh_config file.

12. Use different cipher

Scp by default uses the AES cipher/encryption. Sometimes you might want to use a different cipher. Using a different cipher can speed up the transfer process. For example blowfish and arcfour are known to be faster than AES (but less secure).

In the above example we use the blowfish cipher along with compression. This can give significant speed boost depending on available bandwidth.

Resumen

Although scp is very efficient at transferring file securely, it lacks necessary features of a file synchronisation tool. All it can do is copy paste all the mentioned files from one location to another.

A more powerful tool is Rsync which not only has all functions of scp but adds more features to intelligently synchronise files across 2 hosts. For example, it can check and upload only the modified files, ignore existing files and so on.

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